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1

The Impact of Electric Current for Sewage Sludge Characteristics from Anaerobic Sequencing Bio-Electrochemical Treatment of Sewage Generated During Soilless Tomato Cultivation

Bryszewski Kamil Łukasz, Rodziewicz Joanna, Mielcarek Artur, Janczukowicz Wojciech, Kłobukowska Karolina, Nowosad Joanna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 11

294--302

EN

The aim of the present study was to determine: the impact of electric current density on the quantity and quality of sewage sludge produced in anaerobic sequencing bio-electrochemical reactor (AnSBBER) with an iron electrode during the treatment of drainage from soilless cultivation of tomatoes. Direct electric current (DC) effect was determined at its following densities (J): 0.63 A/m2 (R1), 1.25 A/m2 (R2), 2.5 A/m2 (R3), and 5 A/m2 (R4). Sodium acetate in (C:N) ratio of 1.0 was supplied to the reactors to ensure the proper biofilm development. Contents of elements (K, P, S, Na, Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn, Mg, C, N and Ca) in the biofilm were determined. Additionally, the content of total suspended solids and the percentage share of volatile suspensions (VSS) in the sludge were determined. The study showed that the organic matter content in the sludge corresponded to the values typical of the stabilized sludge (up to 28.8% d.m. in R2).The increase in electric current density caused an increase in the concentration of phosphorus in the formed sludge (from 6.34 to 8.00% d.m. in 0.63 and 5.00 A/m2, respectively). The analyzed sludge, compared to municipal sludge from wastewater treatment plants with biological reactors and activated sludge chambers, is richer in such elements as phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and iron.

2

Urban Leaf Litters as a Potential Compost Component

Parzych Agnieszka

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 4

250--260

EN

Trees shed leaf litters throughout the year with varying intensity. In urban areas, due to the regular pruning of tree branches, the leaves which are used as a compost component have dominant share in the litterfall. The amount of nutrients released during composting depends on the abundance of the shed leaves. The research aimed to analyse and determine which of the deciduous tree species provide the highest amount of macronutrients and whether or not the heavy metals contained in them exceed the toxic level. It was found that the leaves of Alnus glutinosa (C/N = 20.57), Tilia cordata (33.31) and Fraxinus excelsior (33.88), which are the source of the highest amounts of nitrogen among the examined deciduous tree species, decompose at the fastest pace in the composting process. The process of decomposition of Quercus rubra (C/N = 64.30), Aesculus hippocastanum (58.16) and Fagus sylvatica (58.06) leaves, which are poorer in nitrogen compounds, takes much longer and is more difficult. It has also been shown that the heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb) contained in leaf litters do not pose any threat to the environment, as they do not exceed the permissible level of contamination.

3

Chemometric tools in the investigation of the mineral composition of food products derived from seaweed

Reczyński Witold, Musiał Joanna, Wójcik Szymon, Jakubowska Małgorzata

Analit

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2022

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Nr 11

2--18

EN

The work presents a new chemometric-assisted approach to distinguish commercially available food products based on their chemical composition. The analysed material consisted of 15 seaweeds (red Rhodophyta and brown Phaeophyta macroalgae) of various origin. The concentrations of the main nutrients (K, Na, Ca, and Mg) and essential trace elements (Fe, Mn, and Zn) were determined using flame atomic emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry. The highest concentrations of nutrients were found in the products of brown algae (for example: the highest concentration of Ca was determined in the Kombu algae product - 13.92 mg/g dr.wt.; Mg - in Wakame - 9.85 mg / g dr.wt.) compared to the products of red algae (the lowest concentrations of Ca and Mg were found in Dulce algae - 1.87 mg / g dr.wt. and 2.83 mg / g dr.wt., respectively). Chemometric tools, i.e. principal components analysis and cluster analysis combined with heat maps allowed to distinguish samples clearly by species, red algae (Nori, Dulse, Irish moss) from brown ones (Wakame, Kombu). However, neither the place of harvest (country of origin) nor the food processing has allowed the separation of the food samples into individual groups. It was proven that the nutritional properties of food derived from naturally grown sea algae depend on the characteristic of the species, rather than on the place of harvest. Furthermore, the method of food processing changes its mineral composition to a very limited degree.

4

Essential and non-mutagenic elements in raw ewe milk

Toman Robert, Pšenková Martina, Imrich Ivan, Hluchý Svätoslav, Almášiová Simona

Science, Technology and Innovation

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2021

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Vol. 14, no. 3-4

34--44

EN

The monitoring of metals and other chemical elements in the basic sources of diet, mainly for children, is very important for preventing health issues. The aim of this work was to determine the concentration of selected essential (Ca, K, Mg, Mo, Na, Zn) and non-mutagenic elements (Ag, Al, Ba, Li, Sb, Sr) in ewe milk from the Orava region in northern Slovakia. Twenty milk samples were analysed in June and August using an inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The differences in elements concentration between the seasonal periods were not significant (p < 0.05), except for lithium (p < 0.05). The essential elements concentration was within the recommended levels, while the non-mutagenic and potentially toxic metals consist was under the permissible limits. However, there were found very strong and significant relationships between the elements which may suggest the synergistic / additive or antagonistic effects of some elements.

5

Wpływ składników mineralnych, rozpuszczonych w wodzie pitnej, na organizm człowieka

Adamczyk-Lorenc Anna, Derkowska-Sitarz Monika

LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania

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2021

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R. 26, nr 1

32--36

6

Investigations of masonry churches seismic performance with numerical models: application to a case study

D'Amato Michele, Sulla Roselena

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, no. 4

437--462

EN

Recovering and preserving ancient churches is necessary to ensure the transmission of this cultural heritage to the future generations. To this scope, it is necessary to evaluate their performance in seismic prone areas, to design interventions capable of reducing their vulnerability ensuring also their safety use for the faithful. In this paper, investigations on seismic performance of masonry churches are illustrated by applying two different numerical methods on a case study, an existing brick masonry church. The seismic assessment is conducted by applying two simplified methods proposed by the current Italian Directive containing the Guidelines for assessment and reduction of cultural heritage seismic risk. Moreover, linear kinematic analysis is used also for investigating the influence of main parameters governing to the main façade simple overturning and narthex longitudinal response. The investigations performed highlight that the activation multiplier of macro-element response mechanism may significantly vary according to the assumptions made and that also, as narthex longitudinal response, a minimization procedure of the activation multiplier is required.

7

Zawartość makroelementów w wybranych gatunkach grzybów jadalnych

Kuziemska Beata, Wysokiński Andrzej, Pakuła Krzysztof, Jaremko Dawid, Czapliński Krzysztof

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 4

1--4

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie zawartości wybranych makroelementów – N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na i S w grzybach pochodzących z upraw celowych – pieczarce białej i brązowej (Agaricus bisporus) oraz boczniaku ostrygowatym (Pleurotus ostreatus). Grzyby zakupiono w sklepach lokalnych sieci handlowych w Siedlcach. Zawartość azotu ogółem oznaczono metodą analizy elementarnej na analizatorze CHN z detektorem przewodności cieplnej (JDC), natomiast pozostałych pierwiastków metodą spektrometrii emisyjnej z plazmą indukcyjnie wzbudzoną, po wcześniejszej mineralizacji na „sucho” w piecu muflowym w temperaturze 450°C i rozpuszczeniu popiołu w 10% roztworze HCl. Badania wykazały istotne zróżnicowanie zawartości składników mineralnych w analizowanych gatunkach grzybów. Najwięcej N, P, K, Ca, Na i S zawierały owocniki pieczarki brązowej a Mg boczniaka ostrygowatego. Najmniej N, P, K, Ca, Na i S oznaczono w owocnikach boczniaka ostrygowatego a Mg w pieczarce białej.

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the content of selected macroelements - N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na and S in mushrooms from target crops - white and brown mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), which were purchased in stores of local retail chains. Total nitrogen content was determined by elemental analysis on a CHN analyzer with the thermal conductivity detector (TCD), while the other elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), after dry digestion in a muffle furnace at 450°C and dissolution of ash in 10% HCl solution. The conducted research revealed a significant diversity of the chemical composition in the analyzed species of mushrooms. The highest content of N, P, K, Ca, Na, S were determined in the fruiting bodies of the brown mushrooms, and Mg - in oyster mushrooms. The smallest content of N, Ca, Na and S was found in the fruiting bodies of the oyster mushrooms and Mg - in white mushrooms.

8

Effect of municipal sewage sludge on soil chemical properties and chemical composition of spring wheat

Antonkiewicz Jacek, Kuc Andrzej, Witkowicz Robert, Tabak Monika

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2019

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Vol. 26, nr 3

583--595

EN

Municipal sewage sludge from rural sewage treatment plants is characterized by a substantial content of organic matter and macronutrients, which can be used in cultivation of cereals. In a farm located in the commune of Iwanowice in the south of Poland (Malopolska province), municipal sewage sludge was applied under spring wheat cultivation. The experiment was set up on heavy soil with slightly acid reaction and medium content of available forms of P, K, Mg. Application of sewage sludge in a dose of 23 Mg fresh matter per hectare (4.21 Mg d.m.) led to no significant changes in chemical properties of the soil. Application of sewage sludge significantly increased yield of spring wheat. That increase led to a significant decrease in the content of N, P, K, Na, Mg and Ca in spring wheat. Utilization of N, Mg, K, P and Ca from sewage sludge by spring wheat was at a level of 82, 63, 44, 36, 9 %, respectively, of the amount introduced with the waste. Application of municipal sewage sludge significantly decreased the value of Ca : P ratio in spring wheat grain and straw. The sewage sludge did not cause a significant change in the values of Ca : Mg, K : Na, K : (Ca+Mg), K : Mg and K : Ca ratios in spring wheat grain and straw. Municipal sewage sludge can be used environmentally, including for fertilization of cereals, provided that environmental standards are kept.

9

Wpływ syntetycznych hormonów roślinnych na koncentrację Ca, Mg i K w biomasie Medicago x varia T. Martyn i Trifolium pratense L.

Sosnowski J., Król J.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2018

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Tom 20, cz. 2

1465--1479

PL

Celem pracy była ocena wpływu syntetycznych hormonów roślinnych z grupy auksyn i cytokinin na koncentrację K, Ca i Mg oraz stosunek ilościowy K:(Ca+Mg) w biomasie nadziemnej Medicago x varia T. Martyn i Trifolium pratense L. Badania realizowano w oparciu o doświadczenie pierścieniowe prowadzone na obiekcie doświadczalnym Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach w latach 2014-2016. Czynniki doświadczenia: – gatunek rośliny: lucerna mieszańcowa (Medicago x varia T. Martyn) odmiana Kometa oraz koniczyna łąkowa (Trifolium pratense L.) odmiana Krynia, – regulator wzrostu: (K) kontrola: woda destylowana, (A) kwas indolilo-3-masłowy (IBA – syntetyczna auksyna), (C) 6-benzyloaminopuryna (BAP – syntetyczna cytokinina), (AC) kwas indolilo-3-masłowy + 6 benzyloaminopuryna (IBA + BAP – stosunek ilościowy 1:1). Każdy odrost opryskiwano dwukrotnie. Na jednorazowy oprysk zużywano 0,2 dm3 roztwotu o stężeniu regulatora 30 mg·dm-3, uzyskując całkowite zroszenie roślin w pierścieniu. Pierścienie kontrolne opryskiwano taką samą ilością wody destylowanej. Obiekty prowadzono w trzech powtórzeniach i użytkowano trzykrotnie w sezonie wegetacyjnym. W ocenie wybranych elementów wartości użytkowej roślin, wykorzystano następujące parametry: zawartość ogólna wybranych makroelementów (K, Ca, Mg) w suchej masie roślin, stosunek ilościowy makroskładników K:(Ca+Mg). Uzyskane wyniki badań opracowano statystycznie wykorzystując analizę wariancji. O istotności wpływu czynników doświadczalnych na wartość badanych cech wnioskowano na podstawie testu F Fishera-Snedecora, a wartość NIR0,05 weryfikowano testem Tukey’a. Auksyna i cytokinina stosowane oddzielnie w uprawie lucerny mieszańcowej i koniczyny łąkowej powodowały wzrost koncentracji K i Mg w suchej masie roślin. Tylko w warunkach stosowania auksyny, udział Ca wzrastał, co nadmiernie zawężało proporcję K:(Ca+Mg).

EN

The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of auxins and cytokinins, synthetic plant hormones, on Ca, Mg, and K concentration and the K: (Ca + Mg) ratio in the above-ground biomass of Medicago x varia t. Martyn and Trifolium pratense L.The research was based on a pot experiment conducted in an experimental facility of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce in the years 2014-2016. The experimental factors were as follows: – plant species: alfalfa (Medicago x varia T. Martyna) cultivar Comet; red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) variety Krynia, – growth regulators: (A) indolilo 3-butyric acid (synthetic auxin IBA); (C) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP synthetic cytokine); (AC) 3-butyric acid indolilo + 6-benzylaminopurine (IBA + BAP in the ratio 1: 1); control treated with distilled water. During each growth cycle, the grass was treated twice. For a single application, 0.2 dm3 of spray liquid with a growth regulator concentration of 30 mg·dm-3 was used until the plants in the pots were thoroughly wet. The control pots were treated with distilled water of the same amount. The experiment was repeated three times, with three harvests during the growing season. The following parameters were determined in the assessment of selected nutritional characteristics of plants: content of selected macroelements (K, Ca, Mg) in the dry mass of plants: ratio of macroelements in the dry matter plants: K: (Ca+Mg). The results of the study were statistically processed using the analysis of variance. F Fisher's test was used to assess the significance of the influence of experimental factors on the tested properties, while the LSD values were verified by the Tukey test. Auxin and cytokinin applied separately to hybrid alfalfa and red clover increased concentration of K and Mg in plant dry matter. Auxin used on its own increased Ca content, which excessively narrowed the ratio of K:(Ca+Mg)

10

Vermicomposting of Sugar Beet Pulps Using Eisenia fetida (Sav.) Earthworms

Pączka G., Garczyńska M., Mazur-Pączka A., Podolak A., Szura R., Skoczko I., Kostecka J.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2018

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Tom 20, cz. 1

588--601

EN

The article presents results of application of various technologies of the process of vermicomposting of waste biomass of sugar beet pulps using earthworms E. fetida. A possibility of using E. fetida for quick utilization of sugar beet pulp in vermireactors with different characteristics of initial bed-dings was observed. The obtained vermicomposts were characterised by higher N, P, K, Ca and Mg content compared to the initial waste biomass. During waste utilization in vermireactors (BAGS and SGS) it was noted that the population of earthworms persisted, but earthworm count insignificantly decreased. Significant differences in the mean biomass of specimens from BAGS and SGS groups were also observed. The greatest differences (22 and 21%, p < 0.05) were observed on the 10th and 40th day of the experiment. Earthworms multiplied that has been proved by the mean number of laid cocoons which was significantly increasing during the experiment conducted using both technologies (on average by 36%; p < 0.05). Significant differences in the mean cocoon weight between the used technologies were noted only on the 10th day of the experiment.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki zastosowania różnych technologii procesu wermikompostowania odpadowej biomasy wysłodków buraczanych przy użyciu dżdżownic E. fetida. Stwierdzono możliwość wykorzystania E. fetida do szybkiego unieszkodliwiania wysłodków w wermireaktorach o odmiennej charakterystyce podłoży startowych. Otrzymane wermikomposty charakteryzowały się wyższą zawartością N, P, K, Ca i Mg w porównaniu z inicjalną biomasą odpadową. Podczas unieszkodliwiania odpadu w wermireaktorach (BAGS i SGS) stwierdzano utrzymywanie się populacji dżdżownic przy nieistotnych spadkach ich liczebności. Zaobserwowano istotne różnice w średniej biomasie osobników z grup BAGS i SGS. Największe różnice (22 i 21%, p < 0.05) zaobserwowano w 10 i 40 dniu doświadczenia. Dżdżownice rozmnażały się, o czym świadczy średnia liczba składanych kokonów, która rosła istotnie w trakcie trwania doświadczenia w obu technologiach (średnio 36%; p < 0,05). Istotne różnice w średniej masie kokonów w zastosowanych technologiach stwierdzono jedynie w 10 dniu doświadczenia.

11

The Use of Macroelements from Municipal Sewage Sludge by the Multiflora Rose and the Virginia fanpetals

Antonkiewicz J., Kołodziej B., Bielińska E. J., Gleń-Karolczyk K.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 6

1--13

EN

Municipal sewage sludge contains many valuable nutrients which can be used in the cultivation of energy crops. Application of large doses of sewage sludge can be a cause of environmental pollution, especially with nutrients. The multiflora rose and the Virginia fanpetals are plants with high nutritional requirements. The use of municipal sewage sludge in the cultivation of energy crops will allow recycling the nutrients from this organic waste. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of macroelements from municipal sewage sludge by the multiflora rose var. "Jatar" (Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murray) and the Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby). Four levels of sewage sludge fertilization were applied in the 6-year field experiment: 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 Mg DM sludge ∙ ha-1. Sewage sludge was applied once before planting energy crops. Due to the low potassium content in sewage sludge, a single supplementary fertilization with 100 kg K ∙ ha-1 in the form of 40% potassium salt (KCl) was applied on each plot. The study involved the evaluation of the yield, uptake and use by energy plants of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na from sewage sludge. It was found that the increasing doses of sewage sludge significantly raised the multiflora rose and the Virginia fanpetals biomass yields. The yield of the Virginia fanpetals was one and a half times higher than that of the multiflora rose. The increasing doses of sewage sludge significantly raised the contents and uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na by these plants. The highest uptake of macronutrients by the multiflora rose and the Virginia fanpetals crops was determined for 60 Mg DM ∙ ha-1 fertilization dose. The results show that the Virginia fanpetals used N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na from the sewage sludge to a greater extent than the multiflora rose. The analyses indicate that due to the greater yields, bioaccumulation and uptake of macronutrients, Virginia fanpetals is more effective in the ‘purification’ of the substrate from excess nutrients that may pose a threat to the environment.

12

Wstępny monitoring makro- i mikroskładników w osadach dennych rzeki Gowienicy

Ligocka K., Burczyk P.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 6

114--120

PL

Do badań wytypowano położoną w zlewni typowo rolniczej, rzekę Gowienicę Miedwiańską. Badania prowadzono w latach 2014 – 2015. Próbki osadów dennych z badanej rzeki pobierano z warstwy 0-30 cm. W pobranych próbkach oznaczono zawartość całkowitą pierwiastków tj.: Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn. Celem podjętych badań był wstępny monitoring rozprzestrzeniania się makro- i mikroskładników w osadach dennych rzeki Gowienicy wzdłuż jej biegu. Wykonane analizy w próbkach osadów dennych pozwoliły zaobserwować, że najwyższe stężenia analizowanych pierwiastków, zarówno w 2014 i 2015 roku wystąpiły w końcowym odcinku badanej rzeki (P-5 i 6) za wyjątkiem stężeń cynku, gdzie najwyższe stężenie wystąpiło w początkowym jej odcinku w punkcie nr 2. Podwyższone stężenia spowodowane mogą być spowolnieniem biegu rzeki. Najwyższe istotnie statystycznie dodatnią korelacje dla osadów rzeki Gowienicy wykazano pomiędzy magnezem i sodem w 2014 i 2015 roku. Również analiza wykazała istotnie statystyczną korelacje dla wapnia i miedzi (w 2014 i 2015 roku) oraz dla wapnia i manganu w 2014 i 2015 roku.

EN

Gowienica Miedwiańska river, located in a typical agricultural catchment, was selected for the research. They were carried out in 2014-2015. Samples of bottom sediments from the river were collected from the 0-30 cm layer. In the samples taken, the total content of the elements was determined: Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn. The aim of the research was to initially monitor the spread of macro- and microelements in bottom sediments of the Gowienica River along its course. The analyzes performed in the bottom sediment samples allowed to observe that the highest concentrations of the analyzed elements in both 2014 and 2015 occurred in the final section of the studied river (P-5 and 6) with the exception of zinc concentrations, where the highest concentration occurred in the initial section in point no. 2. Increased concentrations may be caused by a slowing down of the river water speed. The highest statistically significant positive correlations for the deposits of the Gowienica River appeared between magnesium and sodium in 2014 and 2015. The analysis also showed statistically significant correlations for calcium and copper (in 2014 and 2015) and for calcium and manganese in 2014 and 2015.

13

Characteristics of the macro - and microelements in benthic sediments of selected mid-field ponds

Brysiewicz A., Ligocka K.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2018

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nr IV/1

939--950

EN

The agricultural landscape of Western Pomerania is characterised by frequent occurrence of small, post-glacial water ponds commonly called mid-field ponds. They serve numerous important functions, both with regard to agriculture and ecology. Due to their specific location in the agricultural landscape, they are exposed to permanent and strong anthropic pressure, which often translates into pollution of surface water and benthic sediments with macro-and microelements. This study attempts to assess and determine the level of macro – and microelements in benthic sediments, depending on the type of agricultural production, on the example of selected mid-field ponds. The assessed benthic sediments of both ponds were characterised by varied macro - and microelement levels, depending on the collection site and the depth of their deposition. Based on the performed chemical analyses it was found that both observation points in the pond Żelisławiec were characterised by the highest concentrations occurring in the top layer (0-5 cm), which is related to the fact that there are areas of agriculture in the pond basin with the use of mineral and organic fertilisation and occurrence of higher water erosion. And the other assessed mid-field pond (Stare Czarnowo) showed the highest concentration of microelements in the middle layer, 5-15 cm. Statistical analyses revealed that statistically significant differences were observed only for potassium levels, depending on the type of agricultural production in the basin of both assessed ponds. This may result from various types of agricultural crops (Brassica napus L. var. napus and ×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A.Camus) and intense fertilization of arable land in Stare Czarnowo. Statistically significant differences in particular layers of sediment confirm that depending on the type of agricultural activity, mid-field ponds are supplied with various mineral matter at different times, resulting in its accumulation in benthic sediments.

14

Alleviation effect of selenium on manganese stress of plants

Kleiber T., Krzesiński W., Przygocka-Cyna K., Spiżewski T.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2018

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Vol. 25, nr 1

143--152

EN

Mn, as Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni is a heavy metal and also a necessary element all the living organisms. Excessive Mn nutrition causes a strong oxidative stress. The aim of the studies was to determination the effect of Se treatment (as sodium selenite Na2O4Se3) to alleviate the Mn stress of plants. Because of its sensitivity to oxidative stress induced by excessive concentrations of Mn a model plant was lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Sunny’). The studies were conducted in a controlled environment growth room in stable climate conditions: 16 h photoperiod; temperature light/dark 18.0 ±0.5°C/16.0 ±0.5°C; relative humidity 70-80%; quantum flux density 195-205 μmol m−2 s−1. Plants were grown hydroponically in nutrient solution characterized by excessive Mn content (19.2 mg dm−3) and different contents of Se (control; 0.77, 1.05, 1.33 mg dm−3). In all the combination were also tested different foliar sprays (distilled water and a 0.005% Se solution). Plants grown under conditions described above take up and transported Se from nutrient solutions into their leaves with a significant reduction of Mn concentration and changes in the plant nutrient status. With the increase in the concentrations of Se clearly narrowed quantitative relations in the leaves between this element and micro-metallic. Increasing Se levels in nutrient solution has a positive influence on the growth of plants, but Se foliar treatment generally decreases plant yield. The study shown that Se application may lead to alleviation of Mn stress of plants, with simultaneous reduce in Mn concentration in leaves - which may be of practical importance also in the cultivation of more economically important species.

15

Changes in the physico-chemical quality of drinking water from wells in selected rural households

Malczewska Beata, Czaban Stanisław, Jawecki Bartosz

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2018

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Vol. 25, nr 2

197--205

EN

Presented research concerned on the quality of drinking water from private-supply wells in selected locality in a households in the close vicinity to copper ore tailings facility. Groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking purpose were examined by various physico-chemical parameters such as: pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, chloride and total dissolved substances. These parameters were used to assess the suitability of groundwater for domestic purpose. In some of the collected samples, the concentrations of these parameters exceed the permissible limits, but overall concentrations of major ions (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium) as well as the values of the parameters: pH, temperature, hardness do not exceed the values recommended by Polish standard relating to drinking water. At the same time evaluated water characterized by the low mineralization therefore it can not be recommended for drinking purpose.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań dotyczących jakości wody pitnej ze studni zaopatrujących wybrane gospodarstwa domowe znajdujące się w bliskim sąsiedztwie składowiska rud miedzi. Jakość wód gruntowych i ich przydatność do picia badano przy użyciu różnych parametrów fizykochemicznych, takich jak: pH, przewodność elektryczna, twardość całkowita, wapń, magnez, sód, potas, siarczany, chlorki i substancje rozpuszczone ogółem. Parametry te wykorzystano do oceny przydatności wód podziemnych do picia. W niektórych analizowanych próbach stężenie omawianych parametrów przekraczała dopuszczalne normy, generalnie jednak stężenie głównych jonów (wapnia, magnezu, sodu, potasu) oraz wartości parametrów: pH, temperatury, twardości nie przekraczały wartości zalecanych przez polskie regulacje prawne w odniesieniu do wody pitnej. Jednocześnie analizowana wodę charakteryzowała się niską mineralizacją, stąd też nie można jej polecić jako wody nadającej się do spożycia przez ludzi.

16

Variations in nutrient concentrations of triticale and barley at different growth stages

Akgün İ., Altındal D.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2017

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nr III/1

1061--1073

EN

The objective of this research was to examine the concentrations of crude protein, P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn of 5 triticale genotypes and 2 barley cultivars (two-row) at different growth stages. The experiments were carried out at Süleyman Demirel University farm in Isparta during the growing season of 2012-2013. Three hexaploid triticale lines (SDÜ- 21, SDÜ-27, SDÜ-43) and 2 cultivars (Karma-2000 and Tatlıcak-97), and two-row barley cultivars (Hamidiye and Cumhuriyet) were used in the experiment. The experimental design was a randomized split block design with three replication. The genotypes were used as main plots and growth stage were used as sub-plots. The basic pre-sowing fertilization rates for all plots were 30 kg N·ha-1 and 50 kg P·ha-1, the rest of 30 kg N·ha-1 was applied at the early spring (stem-elongation stage). Plants were harvested at four stages, stem elongation, milk development, dough development and mature stage. Samples taken from each plot were dried to constant weight at 65°C in oven. After cooling, the samples were milled for crude protein and mineral element analyses. According to the results of variance analysis, the nutrient concentrations of triticale and barley genotypes showed variations depending on the genotypes and different growth stages. The crude protein content of barley cultivars were higher than triticale genotypes. The concentration of K, Fe, Mn and Zn in whole plants decreased from stem elongation to maturity, while Mg and P contents increased. Crude protein rate (18.59%) at dough development stage was higher than other growth stages. The nitrogen use efficiency of SDÜ-27 line, which can be used for cultivar registration, was higher than control cultivar (Karma - 2000; Tatlıcak-1997).

17

The Influence of effective microorganisms application on the chemical composition in lettuce grown under cover

Górski R., Kleiber T., Sobieralski K.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2017

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Vol. 24, nr 1

113--121

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of Effective Microorganisms (EM) on the content of nutrients in the leaves of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Sunny’) grown under cover in the spring-summer season and in autumn. The influence of the following methods of EM application was assessed: root treatment, leaf treatment and seed inoculation. When EM was applied into the roots, plants were irrigated with a 1% solution of the EM-A preparation or with EM-5 (250 cm3 of the liquid per plant), depending on the combination. The same preparations concentrated at 1% were sprayed on the leaves. Seeds were inoculated immediately before being sown (they were soaked for 30 minutes in a 10% solution of the EM-A preparation). During the growing season the plants were sprayed or irrigated four times at three-day intervals. Effective Microorganisms was not used in the control combination. The research proved the influence of EM on the content of nutrients in lettuce leaves. When the plants were irrigated and sprayed with EM-5, they had higher content of nitrogen. They were significantly better nourished with phosphorus, when the seeds were inoculated with EM-A, when the plants were sprayed with EM-5 at both terms of cultivation and when the plants were irrigated with EM-A in autumn. In comparison with the control combination the application of EM preparations significantly increased the content of potassium in the lettuce leaves. Simultaneously, the content of potassium generally tended to increase significantly when the plants were irrigated with both preparations and sprayed with EM-5 in the spring-summer season. The highest content of magnesium was noted when the plants were irrigated with EM. The inoculation of seeds resulted in the lowest content of this element. The tendencies were similar at both terms of cultivation. As far as the content of micrślements is concerned, the application of EM at both terms of cultivation resulted in a significant increasing tendency in the content of iron and zinc in the lettuce leaves. The volume of increase depended on the method of application of the preparations.

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena wpływu zastosowania Efektywnych Mikroorganizmów (EM) na zawartość składników pokarmowych w liściach sałaty (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Sunny’) uprawianej pod osłonami, w okresie wiosenno-letnim i jesiennym. Określono wpływ następujących form aplikowania EM: dokorzeniową, dolistną oraz poprzez zaprawianie nasion. Przy stosowaniu EM dokorzeniowo, rośliny podlewano w zależności od kombinacji 1% roztworem preparatu EM-A lub EM- 5 (250 ml cieczy na 1 roślinę). Do opryskiwania dolistnego wykorzystano wyżej wymienione środki, w stężeniu 1%. Zaprawianie nasion przeprowadzano bezpośrednio przed wysiewem (moczenie przez 30 minut w 10% roztworze preparatu EM-A). W okresie wegetacji przeprowadzono 4-krotnie zabiegi opryskiwania lub podlewania roślin, w odstępach 3 dniowych. W kombinacji kontrolnej nie stosowano Efektywnych Mikroorganizmów. W przeprowadzonych badaniach wykazano wpływ zastosowania EM na zawartość składników pokarmowych w liściach sałaty. Stwierdzono poprawę odżywienia roślin azotem po stosowaniu preparatu EM-5 poprzez podlewanie i opryskiwanie roślin. Jednocześnie wykazano istotną poprawę odżywienia roślin fosforem przy zaprawianiu nasion preparatem EM-A oraz opryskiwaniu roślin środkiem EM-5, w obu terminach uprawy i dodatkowo przy podlewaniu roślin (EM-A) w cyklu jesiennym. Zastosowanie preparatów EM wpływało istotnie na zwiększenie zawartości potasu w liściach sałaty (w relacji do kontroli), przy równoczesnej generalnej tendencji wzrostowej zawartości wapnia (istotnej dla podlewania obydwoma preparatami oraz opryskiwania środkiem EM-5 w terminie wiosenno-letnim). Największą zawartość magnezu oznaczono w przypadku podlewania roślin EM, a najmniejszą dla zaprawiania nasion (tendencje w obydwóch terminach uprawy były zbliżone). W przypadku mikroskładników w obu cyklach uprawowych po zastosowaniu EM zaobserwowano istotną tendencję wzrostową zawartości żelaza oraz cynku w liściach sałaty, a poziom wzrostu był zróżnicowany w zależności od sposobu aplikowania preparatów.

18

Zastosowanie hydroponiki stagnującej w uprawie sałaty masłowej (Lactuca sativa L.) przy zróżnicowanym żywieniu borem

Markiewicz B.

Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna

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2017

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T. 22, nr 1

37--44

PL

Doświadczenie wegetacyjne przeprowadzono w latach 2013-2014 w szklarni nieogrzewanej Stacji Doświadczalnej Katedr Wydziału Ogrodnictwa i Architektury Krajobrazu Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Poznaniu. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie wpływu wzrastających poziomów boru w pożywce stosowanej do fertygacji na plonowanie oraz zawartość składników pokarmowych w liściach sałaty masłowej (Lactuca sativa L.). Rośliny uprawiano w hydroponice stagnującej. W doświadczeniu stosowano pożywki o zróżnicowanej zawartości boru (mg · dm-3): kontrola 0,011; 0,40; 0,80; 1,60. Wykazano istotny wpływ zawartości boru w pożywce na średni plon główek sałaty, indeks SPAD oraz zawartość azotu, fosforu żelaza, manganu, miedzi i boru w główkach sałaty. Potwierdzono możliwość uprawy sałaty masłowej w hydroponice stagnującej.

EN

Experiment was conducted in the years 2013-2014 in an unheated greenhouse Experimental Station of the Departments of the Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, University of Life Sciences in Poznan. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of increasing levels of boron in the liquid feed used for fertigation on yield and nutrient content in leaves of butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Plants were grown in hydroponice stagnant. In the experiment liquid feed with different boron content: (mg · dm-3): control 0.011; 0.40; 0.80; 1.60 was used. It was found a significant influence of boron fertigation on the average mass produced heads of lettuce, SPAD index and content of nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper and boron in leaves. It has been confirmed the possibility of cultivation of butterhead lettuce in hydroponics.

19

Spływ powierzchniowy wapnia, magnezu, żelaza, manganu oraz azotu i fosforu ze zlewni górnej Pasłęki

Grochowska J.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2016

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T. 16, z. 4

33--42

PL

Celem badań było ustalenie wartości jednostkowych współczynników spływu makropierwiastków z terenów o różnych formach zagospodarowania w zlewni górnej Pasłęki i jej prawobrzeżnego dopływu Giłwy. Stwierdzono, że największe wartości współczynników spływu manganu oraz azotu i fosforu do wód uzyskano z obszarów użytkowanych rolniczo (110,8 kg Ca∙ha-1∙rok-1, 15,6 kg Mg∙ha-1 ∙rok-1, 0,5 kg Mn∙ha-1∙rok-1, 0,6 kg P∙ha-1∙rok-1, 14,3 kg N∙ha-1∙rok -1). Badania wykazały też wpływ terenów użytkowanych rolniczo, zarówno gruntów ornych, jak i użytków zielonych (łąki i pastwiska), na zwiększenie ładunku obszarowego wapnia i magnezu, w odniesieniu do których uzyskano największe współczynniki spływu z tych form użytkowania ziemi. Największą wartość współczynników spływu żelaza uzyskano dla obszarów leśnych (0,6 kg Fe∙ha-1 ∙rok-1).

EN

The aim of study was to determine values of unit coefficients of the surface runoff of macroelements from surfaces with different land management types, which was conducted in the catchment basin of the upper Pasłęka River and its right-bank tributary, the Giłwa River. The highest values of the coefficients describing the runoff of manganese as well as nitrogen and phosphorus to waters were obtained for a subcatchment comprising farmland (110.8 kg Ca∙ha-1·year-1, 15.6 kg Mg·ha-1·year-1, 0.5 kg Mn·ha-1·year-1, 0.6 kg P·ha-1·year-1, 14.3 kg N·ha-1·year-1 ). The study also pointed up the effect of agriculturally used areas, both arable land and grassland (meadows and pastures), consisting in increasing the non-point loads of calcium and magnesium, which scored the highest runoff coefficient values for the mentioned types of land use. The highest value of the iron runoff coefficient was calculated for forested areas (0.6 kg Fe·ha-1·year-1).

20

Effect of Reactive Materials on the Content of Selected Elements in Indian Mustard Grown In Cr(VI)-Contaminated Soils

Radziemska M., Mazur Z., Fronczyk J., Jeznach J.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 2

141--147

EN

Reactive materials represent a promising agent for environmental co-remediation. The research was aimed to determine the influence of hexavalent chromium in doses of 0, 25, 50, and 150 mg Cr(VI).kg-1 of soil as well as zero valent-iron, and lignite additives on the content of macroelements in the Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The average accumulation of the analysed elements in Indian mustard grown in Cr(VI) contaminated soil were found to follow the decreasing order Mg>Na>P>Ca>K. Soil contamination at 150 mg Cr(VI).kg-1 of soil led to the highest increase in magnesium, calcium, sodium, and potassium content in Indian mustard. The application of zero-valent iron had a positive influence on the average Na and K content of the tested plant. The application of lignite had a positive influence on the average magnesium, sodium and calcium content in the above-ground parts of the studied plant. In the non-amended treatments (without reactive materials), the increasing rates of chromium (VI) had an explicitly positive effect on the content of phosphorous and sodium in Indian mustard.