The paper summarizes recent achievements in the using the techniques of determination of dynamic surface tension for the evaluation of quality of the pulmonary surfactant (PS). Based on the essential information on physical chemistry of the PS system, the importance of the dynamic surface activity of the surfactant for physiological functions of the lungs is demonstrated and the experimental methods for studying those properties in vitro are presented. Several examples of applications of dynamic tensiometry for assessment the PS functions are shown, including the research on toxicity of inhaled air polutants, approach to diagnosis the pulmonary diseases and interactions with PFCs used in partial liquid ventilation. The perspectives of future applications of physicochemical methods in pulmonary surfactant research (e.g., development of surfactant supplementation therapy) are suggested.
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A new method of lungs mechanics calculation has been developed, which is independent on the method of ventilatory support and may be used automatically during long-term treatment. Lungs compliance assessment is based on the periodical measurements od airway pressure during expiration. Airways resistance is calculated from expiratory time constant. The results of preliminary, model studies showed that proposed method has a clinically acceptable accuracy and can be performed by a separate instrument, independent on a type of the respirator used.
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