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Physical properties improvement of the diesel engine lubricant oil reinforced nanomaterials

Hadi N. J., Al-Hussain R. K. A.

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 2, No 3

233--244

EN

This research focuses on the effect of nanomaterials on the physical properties of a local Iraqi lubricant oil (20W-50), which is widely used in diesel engines. The concentrations of 0.001, 0.2 and 0.5 wt% of Al2O3 NPs and CNT are dispersed in the oil with the help of a suitable surfactant using a magnetic stirrer and a sonication process. The density, surface tension, dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity, flash point, fire point, pour point, thermal conductivity, thermal images, wear and the coefficient of friction of the oil with and without nanomaterials are tested. The results were shown that the higher concentrations of NPs, the better properties for the engine oil. The density for Al2O3 nanooil indicates a small change at 0.001 and 0.2 wt%, and a decrease at 0.5 wt% ratio. Also, the density of CNT oil shows a slight change at 0.001and then decreasing at 0.2 and 0.5 ratios. In addition, the surface tension of both nanooils are increased. The dynamic viscosity slightly change with an addition of the NPs especially at 20°C and 30°C. Also, there is a convergence in the viscosity values between base and nanooils at 40°C and 50°C. Also, the dynamic viscosity indicates shear thickening behavior at low shear rate, while in the high shear rate the viscosity attempts to be more stable. The kinematic viscosity increases with an increased concentration of the NPs at 40°C and 100°C for both nanooils. The flash and fire point are increasing for both nanooils and Al2O3 nanooil indicates a lower pour point than that of CNT oil. CNT oil indicates higher dissipating heat friction and thermal conductivity than that of Al2O3 nanooil. Thermal images are supported by thermal conductivity and flash point behavior, while the tribology tests are compatible with viscosity behavior. A significant reduction in the coefficient of friction and wear loss is produced for both nanooils.

2

Study on oil sorbents effectiveness

Kończewicz W., Grabowska O., Lachowicz D., Otremba Z.

Journal of KONES

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2013

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Vol. 20, No. 1

135--138

EN

The paper presents search for objective and quantitative method of determination usefulness of various loose sorbents destined for cleaning surfaces polluted with oil. The motivation to take up the topic is that oil pollution emergence in marine areas remains still as the environmental problem. During the ship exploitation there is possibility of appearing of the fuel oil, lubricating oil, hydraulic oil or even transformer oil leaks on the board which might be erased by washing or using sorbent powders and granules or mates. In the case of disposing the washing liquids, the large volume of oil-in-water emulsion is forming which is gathered in a tank and further transported to the vessel cleaning system. In the case when sorbents are applied in an early phase of oil leakage, the vessel cleaning system is less overloaded which reduce the probability of failure. We report analyses of effectiveness of mineral and organic sorbents. The time-period of incepting of defined amount of oil by define amount of sorbent is applied as the sorption effectiveness parameter. Time plots of oil sorption as well as visualizations of this process are presented. Method to characterize the efficiency of sorbents in relation to used lubricating oil is proposed which will stand as the base for further works directed towards elaborating optimal sorbent-set which can be rapidly used for combat spillages and leaks of oils and even other liquid dangerous payloads carried by ships.

3

Biodegradation of lubricant oil in soil

Zborowska E., Naumczyk J., Bugryn E., Wojciechowska R.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2006

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Vol. 32, no. 1

59-72

EN

Exploited lubricants arc dangerous contaminants because of their toxicity and low biodegradability. In this study, microbial culture active in exploited lubricant oil Mobil 1 was isolated and inoculated to sandy soil containing 0.5 g of contaminant per 100 g of dry soil. Microorganisms were used as free cells and immobilizate on wood chips, soil was also properly supplied with water and nutrients. The bioaugumantation seems to enhance biodegradation process. After 5 months, 93% of non-polar compounds were eliminated from soil containing immobilized biomass. Comparatively, in non-treated soil (control system) the contaminant elimination was at the level of 47%. Bacterial number in treated and non-treated soil was similar for about 3 months; however enzymatic activity (dehydrogenases and hydrolases) in control soil was much lower. Finally, after 5 months of treatment the content of bacteria active in contaminant decomposition in inoculated soil was 100-fold higher than in control system. Presumably, the main reason of low remediation results in non-treated soil seems to be low enzymatic activity of the biomass.

PL

Przepracowane oleje smarowe należą do zanieczyszczeń niebezpiecznych z uwagi na ich toksyczność i małą podatność na biodegradację. W procesie bioremediacji gleby piaszczystej zanieczyszczonej przepracowanym olejem Mobil 1 (0,5 g/100 g suchej masy gleby) zastosowano wyizolowane szczepy bakterii aktywne w rozkładzie zanieczyszczenia. Mikroorganizmy wprowadzono do gleby w postaci wolnych komórek i immobilizatu w wiórach dębowych, uzupełniono zawartość soli biogennych i wody oraz zapewniono warunki tlenowe procesu. Gleba była ponadto okresowo doszczepiana aktywnymi szczepami bakterii. Po pięciu miesiącach trwania badań uzyskano eliminację zanieczyszczenia na poziomic 93% w reaktorze zawierającym immobilizowaną biomasę. Dla porównania, w reaktorze kontrolnym, w którym nic stosowano żadnych zabiegów biotechnologicznych, eliminacja zanieczyszczenia wynosiła 47%. Zawartość bakterii w trzech reaktorach była zbliżona w ciągu pierwszych trzech miesięcy trwania badań, jednak aktywność enzymatyczna biomasy w reaktorze kontrolnym przez cały czas utrzymywała się na bardzo niskim poziomic. Było to prawdopodobnie przyczyną niskiej efektywności biodegradacji zanieczyszczeń w tej glebie.