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Characteristic research of lower extremity injuries in elderly pedestrians during collisions

Xiao Sen, Zhang Lidong, Wu Jindong, Liu Xiaoang, Zhang Hao

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2022

Vol. 24, no. 4

95--108

The aim of this research is to study the trend of pedestrian lower extremity injuries during vehicle-pedestrian collisions. Methods: In this study, pedestrian’s age, collision angle and pedestrian’s position are considered influencing factors. Nine experiments using a novel lower extremity mechanical model are designed with the orthogonal experiment method. Results: Under the same collision angle, collisions in the left and right positions caused more serious tibia injuries than the middle position. As for the collision angle, the tibial injury at +45° is more significant than the tibial injury at −45°, and the injury of oblique collisions is slightly greater than that at 0°. Moreover, tibial injury is more sensitive to research variables than femoral injury. When the collision angle and position are changed, the difference ratio of tibia stress is by 483.2% higher than that of femur stress. The axial force and bending moment of the quadriceps tendon in the left-position collision reach peak values, which are 3.83 kN and 165.98 Nm, respectively. The peak quadriceps tendon axial force is captured with the collision angle of −45°, and the peak quadriceps tendon bending moment is obtained with a collision angle of +45°. Conclusions: The effects of differences in impact position and angle on lower extremity injury in the elderly were analyzed, and the results of this study can be used as a reference for research on lower extremity protection.

Biomechanical evaluation of swing-through crutch gait in patients with lower extremity injury

Rzepnicka Agata, Kabaciński Jarosław, Murawa Michał, Fryzowicz Anna, Syczewska Małgorzata, Dworak Lechosław Bogdan

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2020

Vol. 22, no. 1

111--117

The main purpose was to determine the values of spatio-temporal parameters and ground reaction forces during the swingthrough crutch gait. Methods: Eighteen male patients with unilateral injury within the foot, ankle or shank (age: 25.4 ± 7.7 years, body height: 1.79 ± 0.06 m, body mass: 76.1 ± 11.5 kg) participated in the study. In the experiment, 6-camera optoelectronic motion capture system and force platform were used. The measurements of spatio-temporal parameters and ground reaction force (GRF) were performed for uninjured lower extremity (ULE), crutch on the ULE side (CrU) and crutch on the injured lower extremity side (CrI). Results: Analysis demonstrated a significantly longer stance phase and a significantly shorter swing phase for ULE than crutches ( p < 0.05), and a significantly longer first, compared to the second, double support phase ( p < 0.05). Comparisons showed also significantly higher maximum values of the vertical GRF and extreme values of the horizontal antero-posterior GRF for ULE than crutches ( p < 0.05) as well as for CrI than CrU ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: The present study provides biomechanical data related to the spatio-temporal parameters and GRFs for the swing-through crutch gait in patients with the lower extremity injuries.