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1

Lower quadrangular frame beams of the Church of the Transfiguration on Kizhi Island, Russia

Serov E.M., Mironova S.I., Orłowicz R.

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2016

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Nr 46

125--130

EN

The paper describes a comprehensive conservation renovation initiated in 2008 on a unique Russian wooden architecture heritage building – the Orthodox Church of the Transfiguration on the island of Kizhi in Russia. For the purposes of renovation, the 300-year old structure was divided into 7 tiers. Conservation work is currently being carried out on the third and fourth tiers. The paper presents inter alia: possible options for changing and strengthening the lower beams of the quadrangular frame, constituting the building structure, which have recently been removed.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono kompleksowy remont konserwatorski zapoczątkowany w 2008 roku w unikalnym na skalę światową zabyku drewnianej architektury rosyjskiej, czyli cerkwi Przemienienia na wyspie Kiży w Rosji. Podczas prac ta ponad 300-letnia konstrukcja została podzielona na 7 kondygnacji. Obecnie prace konserwatorskie odbywają się na trzeciej i czwartej kondygnacji. W artykule przedstawiono m.in. możliwe warianty wymiany i wzmocnienia niedawno usuniętych dolnych belek czworokątnej ramy tworzącej konstrukcję obiektu.

2

Rationalisation of austenite transformation to upper or lower bainite in steels

Ławrynowicz Z.

Advances in Materials Science

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2014

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Vol. 14, nr 2(40)

14--23

EN

The paper presents an analytical evaluation of transition temperature from upper to lower bainite in Fe-C-Cr steel. The calculations was based on the model constructed by Matas and Hehemann which involves a comparison between the times needed to precipitate cementite within the bainitic ferrite plates (tθ), with the time required to decarburise supersaturated ferrite plates (td). The transition between upper and lower bainite is found to occur over a narrow range of temperatures (350-410°C) and depends on the thickness of bainitic ferrite laths and the volume fraction of precipitated cementite. On comparing the td and tθ times it was found that the transition temperature from upper to lower bainite reaction (LS) of about 350oC could be predicted if the thickness of bainitic ferrite laths is set as wo = 0.1 μm and volume fraction of cementite is set as ξ = 0.01.

3

An Experimental Comparison of Three Probabilistic Approximations Used for Rule Induction

Clark P. G., Grzymala-Busse J.W.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2013

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Vol. 127, nr 1-4

177--191

EN

In this paper we present results of experiments on 166 incomplete data sets using three probabilistic approximations: lower, middle, and upper. Two interpretations of missing attribute values were used: lost and “do not care” conditions. Our main objective was to select the best combination of an approximation and a missing attribute interpretation. We conclude that the best approach depends on the data set. The additional objective of our research was to study the average number of distinct probabilities associated with characteristic sets for all concepts of the data set. This number is much larger for data sets with “do not care” conditions than with data sets with lost values. Therefore, for data sets with “do not care” conditions the number of probabilistic approximations is also larger.

4

Bainite Transformation in Experimental Fe-Cr-Mo-V-Ti-C Steel

Ławrynowicz Z.

Advances in Materials Science

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2013

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Vol. 13, nr 2(36)

12--18

EN

The mechanism and kinetics of bainite transformation have been studied in Fe-Cr-Mo-V-Ti-C steel using high speed dilatometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) backed by thermodynamic analysis. At any temperature investigated did not occur the complete transformation of austenite. Obtained results confirm the incomplete reaction phenomenon with the cessation of the bainite transformation well before paraequilibrium is achieved. These experimental data indicate that bainitic ferrite forms by a displacive transformation mechanism, but soon afterwards, excess of carbon is partitioned into the residual austenite.

5

An investigation of the mechanism of bainite transformation in experimental 0.2c-1v-2mn steel

Ławrynowicz Z.

Advances in Materials Science

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2012

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Vol. 12, nr 2(32)

19-30

EN

The paper presents an investigation of the mechanism of bainite transformation in 0.2C-1V-2Mn steel using high speed dilatometry and TEM backed by thermodynamic analysis. Obtained results confirm the incomplete reaction phenomenon with the cessation of the bainite transformation well before paraequilibrium is achieved. These experimental data indicate that bainitic ferrite forms by a displacive transformation mechanism, but soon afterwards, excess of carbon is partitioned into the residual austenite. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of bainite transformation.

6

Przejawy tożsamości wsi o tradycjach miejskich na Dolnym Śląsku

Borcz Z., Niedźwiecka-Filipiak I.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura i Urbanistyka

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2009

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Z. 20

51-57

PL

Badania miejscowości, które niegdyś otrzymały prawa miejskie, a obecnie ich nie posiadają, pozwalają zapoznać się z problemem tożsamości danej jednostki sieci osadniczej. Proces powstawania, zanikania, a często odtwarzania tożsamości widoczny jest wyraźnie w małych miejscowościach, szczególnie takich, które przeszły burzliwe koleje losu. Do charakterystycznych przykładów należą małe miasteczka dolnośląskie, które ze względu na swoje położenie na mapie Europy zmieniały kilkakrotnie przynależność państwową, a w wyniku działań wojennych były niszczone, palone i popadały w ruinę, by po latach ponownie podnieść się z upadku. Tożsamość miasta pojawia się w świadomości mieszkańców i wyraża się w ich konkretnych działaniach na rzecz wspólnego dobra. W przypadku miast na Dolnym Śląsku świadomość ta uległa zachwianiu bezpośrednio po wojnie i dopiero po kilkudziesięciu latach pojawia się w sposób widoczny.

EN

Investigation of villages, which formerly had civic rights, and now do not possess them allow to understand the identity problems of a given settlements system unit. The process of creation, disappearance and often reconstruction of their identity may be clearly seen in small towns, especially those which had a turbulent historical time with tumultuous events. As characteristic examples may serve small towns of Lower Silesia; due to their situation on the Europe map, they changed several times their nationality and because of the war time military operations were destroyed, burned down and stepwise sell into ruins, and after many years some of them raised again to normal life. The identity of towns appears in the consciousness of inhabitants and is to be seen in they definite activities for social ideas. In the case of Lower Silesia towns this consciousness underwent a decline directly after the 2. World War, and only now after about 50 years reappears in an evident way.