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Graphene oxide-based nano-materials as catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Bojarska Zuzanna, Mazurkiewicz-Pawlicka Marta, Makowski Łukasz

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 40, nr 4

361–-376

EN

The aim of the presented research was to test different carbon supports, such as graphene oxide (GO), graphene oxide modified with ammonia (N-GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for catalysts used in a low-temperature fuel cell, specifically a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Modification of the carbon supports should lead to different catalytic activity in the fuel cell. Reduction of GO leads to partial removal of oxygen groups from GO, forming rGO. Modification of GO with ammonia results in an enrichment of GO structure with nitrogen. A thorough analysis of the used supports was carried out, using various analytical techniques, such as FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. Palladium and platinum catalysts deposited on these supports were produced and used for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Catalytic activity tests of the prepared catalysts were carried out in a home-made direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). The tests showed that the enrichment of the GO structure with nitrogen caused an increase in the catalytic activity, especially for the palladium catalyst. However, reduction of GO resulted in catalysts with higher activity and the highest catalytic activity was demonstrated by Pt/rGO, because platinum is the most catalytically active metal for ORR. The obtained results may be significant for low-temperature fuel cell technology, because they show that a simple modification of a carbon support may lead to a significant increase of the catalyst activity. This could be useful especially in lowering the cost of fuel cells, which is an important factor, because thousands of fuel cells running on hydrogen are already in use in commercial vehicles, forklifts, and backup power units worldwide. Another method used for lowering the price of current fuel cells can involve developing new clean and cheap production methods of the fuel, i.e. hydrogen. One of them employs catalytic processes, where carbon materials can be also used as a support and it is necessary to know how they can influence catalytic activity.

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The Use of Methane in Practical Solutions of Environmental Engineering

Skorek A., Włodarczyk R.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 2

172--178

EN

Methane is the main component of the basic conventional fuels used in modern energetics – natural gas, as well as an essential component of renewable fuel like biogas. As a result of technological processes, methane can be extracted from hydrogen fuel which is dedicated to low-temperature fuel cells, generators or electric current and heat. The article presents an analysis of the possibilities of using methane to produce electricity, practical solutions and the problems that inhibit the implementation of fuel cell technology.

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Przegląd technologii ogniw paliwowych. Cz. 2. Typy ogniw paliwowych

Piela P., Czerwiński A.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2006

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T. 85, nr 3

164-170

PL

Omówiono znane typy ogniw paliwowych z położeniem nacisku na wyjaśnienie, dlaczego właśnie takie rodzaje ogniw są rozwijane. Wskazano aktualne ograniczenia dla każdego typu ogniw i wynikające z nich obiecujące kierunki badań.

EN

The phosphoric acid (PAFC), polymer electrolyte (PEFC), alkaline (AFC), molten carbonate (MCFC), and solid oxide (SOFC) fuel cell types were reviewed. The PEFC, MCFC, and SOFC are being developed most intensely. The PEFC is most likely to be used to supply portable equipment (automotive vehicles in the longer term), and MCFC and SOFC are targeted for stationary power applns.