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Prognosis of marine propulsion plants development in view of new requirements concerning marine fuels

Cwilewicz R., Górski Z.

Journal of KONES

2014

Vol. 21, No. 2

61--68

Corrected VI Annex to MARPOL Convention requires from January 1st 2015 the use of low sulphur fuels on seagoing ships. The target of requirement is reduction of environment harmful substances in exhaust gases coming from marine fuels combustion. Areas of sea trade are divided into two zones: special Sulphur Oxide Emission Control Areas (SECA) for example Baltic Sea and areas outside SECA. On SECA sea areas the contents of sulphur in marine fuel should not excess 0.1% and on outside SECA the same is 3.5%. In the future i.e. from January 1st 2020, the maximum contents of sulphur in marine fuels on outside SECA areas should be 0.5%. These requirements create serious problems for ship owners operating worldwide. The first problem is considerable higher price of low sulphur fuels, which affects operational costs of fleet. The second problem is adaptation of ship engines to be fuelled with low sulphur fuels. At present, the heavy fuel oils being in common use on ships does not fulfil environ protection requirements. As a result, the use of new grades of marine fuels becomes necessity to fulfil environment protection requirements as well as price requirements to keep merchant fleet operation profitable. The wide use of “ecological fuel” i.e. natural gas as marine fuel is expected. The type of ship propulsion plant, which can be used in the future, will effect on the course of marine energetic plants development. The development of hybrid propulsion, electric propulsion, diesel engines fuelled with natural gas and turbine propulsion driven by natural gas. The paper includes proposal of combined turbine propulsion plant fuelled with natural gas, which according to authors can be leading type of marine propulsion plants in the future.