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Rola torfowisk w ochronie zasobów przyrodniczych i wodnych na obszarze powiatu białostockiego w województwie podlaskim

Kiryluk A.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

2013

nr 4

38--50

In the paper, there was shown the natural and economical significance of lowmoors in Poland and especially in Białystok county. In the area of Poland there is about 49,6 thousands of lowmoors which cover 1,2 mln ha [4% of the country surface]. 90% of this surface are lowmoors, 6% – highmoors and 4% – transitial moors. The most substantial role in the environment play lowmoors, characterised by high ability of water retention. In Poland, peatmoors gather 34 mld m3 of water, which has essential significance in decreasing of water resources on the country surface. In the area of Białystok county, there are 147 peatmoors and cover the surface of 8181 ha, which amounts 2,7% of the district surface. These peatmoors can retain such water quantity which is close to the capacity of water reservoir of Siemianówka. There was shown the signifi cant role of lowmoors in the specimen diversity of hygrophilous fauna and fl ora. In Białystok county, lowmoors are mainly used as stable grassland, which provide to proper protection against progressive unfavourable changes.

Influence of human activity on diversity of peatland phytocenosis in Miękinia near Wrocław

Tomaszewska K., Kołodziejczyk K., Podlaska M.

Archives of Environmental Protection

2011

Vol. 37, no. 2

81-92

The subject of investigations was the fragment of low peatland complex located close to Miękinia, about 30 km from Wrocław. Within the range of the examined area of peat bog complex there can be distinguished three parts differing in their utilization and composition of species, namely: 1/ the area degraded by the attempt to afforest it with alder trees Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner, 2/ occasionally used bog hay meadow and 3/ typical peat forming phytocenosis. Total number of determined species, belonging to 11 phytosociological classes, ranged 77, out of which more than a half constitute representatives of Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class. As far as a non-afforested area was concerned, there were determined 5 phytocenosis, including 4 classified as peat forming ones and one typical for post-bog meadows (Alopecuretum pratensis). The afforested area featured herbaceous plant composition which indicated that the area with Alopecuretum pratensis phytocenosis had been degraded. Analysis of environmental requirements, done with the use of ecological numbers, proved that prevailing number of species characterize similar requirements. It was mainly afforested part to feature taxons of broader ecological scale, e.g. Polygonum bistora L., Carex hirta L. and Plantago lanceolata L. The afforested area was purchased by a private person, therefore it can be assumed that the reason for such a way of peatlands utilization was obtaining EU subsidies at minimum work effort. A higher financial profit, however, would have been made by the owner if he had maintained a bog area as an extensive meadow.