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Effect of Tungsten on Aluminized Melt Cast High Explosive Formulations

Mishra V. S., Bhagat. A. L., Vadali S. R., Singh V. K., Wasnik R. D., Asthana S.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

2012

Vol. 9, nr 2

147-154

Aluminized 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) based, melt-cast, high explosive compositions are widely used in warheads. These compositions offer a blast effect over a larger period due to the secondary combustion of aluminum. During recent times tungsten based explosives have been reported for lethality at close range to avoid collateral damage in low intensity conflicts (LIC) and find application in shaped charges to enhance their penetration capability. This paper reports findings on tungsten-based, melt-cast, explosive formulations. The compositions were prepared by substituting aluminum with tungsten in the reference aluminized, high explosive formulation. The compositions were characterized for their sensitivity to mechanical/shock stimuli, velocity of detonation (VOD) and blast performance. The study reveals that the impact sensitivity remains comparable on incorporating 10% tungsten at the cost of aluminum whereas an increase in tungsten content to 20% leads to an increase in impact sensitivity. However friction sensitivity and shock sensitivity remained more or less unchanged. The velocity of detonation (VOD) of tungsten-loaded, aluminized formulations is found to be comparable to the standard aluminized formulation. The peak over pressure of tungsten-based formulations is lower than the reference, aluminized composition at close range but is almost unchanged at long range. The impulse of tungsten-based formulations is also lower than the reference, aluminized composition. The reduction in impulse at close range is substantial on replacing 10% aluminum with inert tungsten.

Breaching and Urban warfare devices

Mischori G.

Journal of KONES

2007

Vol. 14, No. 1

285-288

Urbanization is one of the global most distinctive phenomena. This process affects also the nature of combat scenario while more and more military operations take place in urban areas, as it was expressed in the last 15 years in Iraq, Afghanistan, the Balkan, Chechnia, Somalia and during the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) introduces many challenges into different combat scenarios, LIC (Low Intensity Conflict) and complex anti-terror operations. In the late stages of the urban combat phase of operation, as well as during the survivability and sustained operations (SASO) phase of the urban fight, military forces are often operating at close quarters against an ambiguary enemy [1]. In this kind of asymmetric war, the enemy gains the advantage by using simple munitions and relies on the natural protection of three dimensional urban structures. Mission forces are usually divided into small self-reliant groups (bubbles) that confront the complexity of the urban battlefield. Traditional weapons are insufficient for this scenario. This paper presents RAFAEL's breaching devices family which offers an innovative and unique solution for variety of targets and challenges within the Urban terrain.