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1

Electromyographic assessment of muscle fatigue after the Biering–Sorensen test in subjects with low back pain who underwent the McKenzie treatment

Jabłońska Magdalena, Mączyński Jacek, Fryzowicz Anna, Ogurkowska Małgorzata B.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2021

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Vol. 23, no. 3

87--96

EN

Purpose: Chronic low back pain is a common disorder affecting about 80% of the population, caused by a disorder in the muscular system. The main aim of this study was to assess muscle fatigue during the Biering–Sorensen Test in people with chronic low back pain who underwent the McKenzie treatment. Methods: Tests were conducted on 19 men (mean age of 41.4 years) with chronic non-specific lumbar-sacral pain syndrome, working in the seated position in front of a computer. Assessment of changes in fatigue of erector spinae, gluteus maximus and biceps femoris using surface electromyography during the Biering–Sorensen Test and subjective pain assessment using Visual Analog Scale were conducted on three test dates. Time-frequency representation of the electromyographic signal (Fourier transform) was used for the examination of muscle fatigue. The McKenzie method of diagnosis and therapy was applied before and between the tests. Results: The McKenzie therapy resulted in increased endurance (test duration) of the examined spinal muscles between the 1st and 3rd test date (p = 0.043), and a systematic decrease in pain assessment on the three test dates (p = 0.000–0.004). Correlations were obtained between slope coefficients of the simple regression of median frequency of electromyographic signals on the one hand and duration of the BST (p = 0.000–0.012) and anthropometric parameters (body mass, height and body mass index, p = 0.001–0.020) on the other. Conclusions: The McKenzie method is an effective tool in reducing the level of lumbar pain and improving muscle endurance.

2

Electromyographic evaluation of selected muscles during active hip extension in men treated McKenzie method

Jabłońska Magdalena, Fryzowicz Anna, Ogurkowska Małgorzata Barbara

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2020

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Vol. 22, no. 3

23--31

EN

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate objective results of short-term treatment with the use of electromyography and to determine changes in muscle recruitment during the prone hip extension test in individuals with chronic low back pain who underwent the McKenzie treatment. Methods: The studied group consisted of 17 male office workers aged 33–55 who underwent two experimental sessions comprising of 3 measurements and the McKenzie method of mechanical diagnosis and therapy. Electromyographic examination of selected muscles was performed during the test in order to assess changes in their activity before and after the McKenzie method and the Visual Analogue Scale was used to assess the level of pain. Results: There was a tendency towards significance at the beginning of activation between the first and second test for the left erector spinae muscle ( p = 0.0684). In 18% of patients, the onset activation time decreased, which is indicative of correct direction of changes. No statistically significant changes were observed in the remaining muscles. Statistical significance ( p = 0.0131) was observed between the first and third test for the left erector spinae muscle. A decrease in the onset activation time was observed in 75% of the subjects. Effectiveness increased by as much as 57%. The level of pain decreased in the third test compared to the first one ( p = 0.0240). However, the change in pain sensations between the first and second test was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The study showed objective changes in the activation sequence of selected muscles and subjective changes in pain following short term McKenzie therapy.

3

A longitudinal assessment of myoelectric activity, postural sway, and low-back pain during pregnancy

Moreira L. S., Elias L. A., Gomide A. B., Vieira M. F., Do Amaral W. N.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2017

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Vol. 19, no. 3

77--83

EN

The present study aimed at investigating the control of upright quiet standing in pregnant women throughout pregnancy, and whether low-back pain exerts influence on this motor task. Methods: Myoelectric signals from postural muscles and stabilometric data were collected from 15 non-pregnant and 15 pregnant women during upright quiet standing. Electromyogram envelopes and center of pressure metrics were evaluated in the control group, as well as in pregnant women in their first and third trimester of pregnancy. A correlation analysis was performed between the measured variables and a low-back pain disability index. Results: Pregnant women exhibited a decreased maximum voluntary isometric activity for all postural muscles evaluated. Additionally, the activity of lumbar muscles during the postural task was significantly higher in the pregnant women in comparison to the non-pregnant controls. The soleus muscle maintained its activity at the same level as the gestation progressed. Higher postural oscillations were observed in the anteroposterior direction while mediolateral sway was reduced in the third trimester of pregnancy. No correlation was detected between the lowback pain disability index and neuromechanical variables. Conclusion: This study provides additional data regarding the functioning and adaptations of the postural control system during pregnancy. Also, we provide further evidence that postural control during quiet standing cannot be used to predict the occurrence of low-back pain. We hypothesize that the modifications in the neural drive to the muscles, as well as in postural sway may be related to changes in the biomechanics and hormonal levels experienced by the pregnant women.

4

Low back pain, intervertebral disc and occupational diseases

Petit A., Roquelaure Y.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2015

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Vol. 21, No. 1

15--19

EN

Nonspecific low back pain and sciatica are prevalent diseases among working adults and have become a worrying occupational health issue because they sometimes affect continuation or resumption of employment. Epidemiological studies that based questionnaires on workers' healthcare consumption have shown a higher prevalence of these disorders in certain industrial sectors. Thus, low back disorders are usually more prevalent among workers exposed to cumulative lumbar load such as manual handling, awkward postures of the trunk and whole-body vibrations. In addition, morphological and biomechanical studies have compared disc space narrowing and the intensity of lumbar workload. Although debated, the relationship between disc degeneration and biomechanical work exposures seems to be usually accepted by most authors. In response to a considerable need of prevention and compensation for workers, low back pain and/or disc disease can be recognized as an occupational diseases in several countries but the criteria of recognition remains heterogeneous from one country to another.

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Hip strategy alterations in patients with history of low disc herniation and non-specific low back pain measured by surface electromyography and balance platform

Ciesielska J., Lisiński P., Bandosz A., Huber J., Kulczyk A., Lipiec J.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2015

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Vol. 17, no. 3

103--108

EN

Purpose: The appearance of pathology in the lumbar spine, such as a previous episode of low disc herniation or non-specific low back pain contributes to improper activation of the hip muscles. The aim of the study was to detect alterations in hip strategy manifested by differences in balance parameters and rectus femoris and gluteus maximus activity in people with previous episode of pain radiation to one lower limb caused by low disc herniation or non-specific low back pain. Methods: We studied 11 patients with history of low-disc herniation, 9 patients with history of non-specific low back pain and 10 healthy subjects. Hip strategy alterations were detected by measuring rectus femoris and gluteus maximus activity in bilateral surface polyelectromyographic recordings and by stability measurements on a balance platform. Results: In the surface polyelectromyography study, in both patients' group the value of the average amplitude was higher and the amount of the fluctuations was lower than in healthy subjects. There were no significant differences in stability parameters. Conclusions: A changed pattern of hip muscles activity was detected in the patients without changes in stability parameters. Greater disorder occurs in people in with previous episode of pain radiation to one lower limb caused by low disc herniation than in people with non-specific low back pain.

6

The Effects of Experience and the Presence of a Scaffold Handrail on Postural and Spinal Stability in Construction Workers

Min S. N., Kim J. Y., Parnianpour M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2014

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Vol. 20, No. 3

491--502

EN

The goal of this study was to quantify the effect of experience and handrail presence on trunk muscle activities, rotational spinal stiffness and postural stability of construction workers. We evaluated spinal stability, and objective and subjective postural stability in 4 expert and 4 novice construction workers who were performing a manual task in a standing position on a scaffold, with and without a safety handrail. Center of pressure was computed using measurements taken with insole pressure transducers. Muscle activity was monitored usingsurface electrodes placed on 8 trunk muscles that predicted active trunk rotational stiffness. Standard deviations of the center of pressure, back muscle activity and spinal stiffness were greater in novices and in the absence of a handrail. We infer that the risk of a fall due to postural and spinal instability may be greater with a lower level of experience and in the absence of a safety handrail.

7

Combined Effects of Physical Demands and Shift Working on Low Back Disorders Among Nursing Personnel

Raeisi S., Namvar M., Golabadi M., Attarchi M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2014

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Vol. 20, No. 1

159--166

EN

The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of physical demands and shift working on low back disorders (LBDs) among nursing personnel. The study used 2 questionnaires: a self-administered questionnaire composed of parts of Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire to assess LBDs and job content questionnaire to assess physical demands. The participants were divided into 4 groups: from group 1 (low physical demands day workers) to group 4 (high physical demands shift workers). In regression analysis, high physical demands were associated with the prevalence of LBDs independently (OR 4.4, 95% CI [2.40, 8.00] and p < .05), but there was no association between shift working and LBDs (p > .05). Odds ratio in high physical demands shift workers was 9.33 compared to the reference group (p < .001). Calculated synergistic index was 7.37. Simultaneous impacts of shift working and high physical demands may increase the prevalence of LBDs among nursing personnel.

8

Occupational, Personal and Psychosocial Resources for Preventing Persistent Low Back Pain

Melloh M., Salathe C. R., Elfering A., Kaser A., Barz T., Aghayev E., Roder C., Theis J. C.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2013

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Vol. 19, No. 1

29--40

EN

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to identify modifiable protective factors of the progression of acute/subacute low back pain (LBP) to the persistent state at an early stage to reduce the socioeconomic burden of persistent LBP. Patients attending a health practitioner for acute/subacute LBP were assessed at baseline addressing occupational, personal and psychosocial factors, and followed up over 12 weeks. Pearson correlations were calculated between these baseline factors and the presence of nonpersistent LBP at 12-week follow-up. For those factors found to be significant, multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. The final 3-predictor model included job satisfaction, mental health and social support. The accuracy of the model was 72%, with 81% of nonpersistent and 60% of persistent LBP patients correctly identified. Further research is necessary to confirm the role of different types of social support regarding their prognostic influence on the development of persistent LBP.

9

A Comparative Ergonomics Postural Assessment of Potters and Sculptors in the Unorganized Sector in West Bengal, India

Sahu S., Moitra S., Maity S., Pandit A. K., Roy B.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2013

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Vol. 19, No. 3

455--462

EN

Potters and sculptors perform their work in very awkward postures. The purpose of this study was to analyse these postures. The modified Nordic questionnaire was used to analyse musculoskeletal discomfort. Rapid entire body assessment (REBA) and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) were used to evaluate the subjects' postures. There were no significant differences between times of discomfort and the group of subjects. However, there were significant differences in discomfort in different body parts. The analysis indicated that various body postures were harmful to the subjects and that there were profound deviations from natural curvature of various body parts due to awkward body postures. Ergonomics intervention was required to improve the quality of life.

10

Wpływ krioterapii ogólnoustrojowej na skuteczność zwalczania dolegliwości bólowych dolnego odcinka kręgosłupa

Giemza Cz., Ostrowska B., Hawrylak A., Barczyk-Pawelec K., Wójtowicz D.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2011

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Vol. 17, nr 2

95-98

PL

W krioterapii ogólnoustrojowej stosuje się skrajnie niskie temperatury, oczekując, iż bodziec ten poprzez ośrodkowy układ nerwowy spowoduje korzystny odruch lub reakcję organizmu, głównie o charakterze leczniczym lub regulacyjnym. Reakcjami zaobserwowanymi i korzystnymi dla ustroju są między innymi: ustąpienie dolegliwości bólowych, masywne i odruchowe przekrwienie powłok oraz kończyn, które powoduje ich ogrzanie po okresie chłodzenia, efekt przeciwobrzękowy, zmniejszający nadmierne napięcie mięśni i wzrost ich siły, a także poprawa nastroju. Celem badań była ocena wpływu zabiegów krioterapii ogólnoustrojowej u pacjentów z przewlekłymi dolegliwościami bólowymi dolnego odcinka kręgosłupa usprawnianych metodą DBC. Badaniami objęto 100 osób (47 kobiet i 53 mężczyzn). U 59 osób prowadzono ćwiczenia metodą DBC po zabiegu w kriokomorze, a 41 osób poddano terapii DBC z wyłączeniem zabiegów w kriokomorze. Wyniki badań wykazały wysoką skuteczność stosowania metody DBC w usprawnianiu dolegliwości bólowych dolnego odcinka kręgosłupa. Wykazano również, że zbyt krótkie stosowanie zabiegów krioterapii ogólnoustrojowej nie przynosi poprawy w usprawnianiu tych dolegliwości.

EN

Whole-body cryotherapy uses extremely low temperatures to introduce beneficial reactions of the organism. Cryotherapy improves body condition, causes muscles reaction, the temperature increase just after the cold application, anti-oedema effect, decreases muscles tension, as well as mood improvement, is observed. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the whole body cryotherapy in patients with chronic low back pain treated by the DBC method. The examination was carried out in a group of 100 person (47 women and 53 men). DBC method was preceded by whole body cryotherapy in the case of 59 patients. 41 patients were subjected DBC therapy without cooling. The results of examinations showed high efficacy of rehabilitation with DBC method in patients suffering from low back pain. Moreover, no significant improvement was observed after the additional cryotherapy treatment.

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An Ergonomics Approach Model to Prevention of Occupational Musculoskeletal Injuries

Koltan A.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2009

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Vol. 15, No. 1

113--124

EN

The objective of this study was to prevent occupational musculoskeletal injuries. Our workers stacked boxes of ceramics weighing 10–27 kg, making low back pain common in our enterprise. In all the stacking stations, recommended weight limits (RWL) were separately calculated using the revised National Institute for Occupational Health lifting equation. Since the boxes weighed significantly more than the RWL, we developed a new ergonomic design that completely changed the stacking process. The load put on the workers’ waist vertebrae in the new and the old stacking methods was compared to evaluate the success of the new ergonomic design, using Newton’s third law of motion. Thanks to the new ergonomic design, the load on the workers’ vertebrae decreased by 80%. Due to its simple technology and its very low cost compared to robots, the new ergonomic design can be commonly used in enterprises with repeated and constraining stacking.

12

Low Back Pain Among Residential Carpenters: Ergonomic Evaluation Using OWAS and 2D Compression Estimation

Gilkey D. P., Keefe T. J., Bigelow P. L., Herron R. E., Duvall K., Hautaluoma J. E., Rosecrance J. S., Sesek R.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2007

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Vol. 13, No. 3

305--321

EN

Occupational low back pain (LBP) remains a leading safety and health challenge. This cross-sectional investigation measured the prevalence of LBP in residential carpenters and investigated ergonomic risk factors. Ninety-four carpenters were investigated for LBP presence and associated risk factors. Ten representative job-tasks were evaluated using the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) and ErgoMaster™ 2D software to measure elements of posture, stress, and risk. Job-tasks were found to differ significantly for total lumbar compression and shear at peak loading (p < .001), ranging from 2 956 to 8 606 N and 802 to 1 974 N respectively. OWAS indicated that slight risk for injury was found in 10 job-tasks while distinct risk was found in 7 of the 10 job-tasks. Seven of the 10 job-tasks exceeded the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) action limit of 3 400 N for low back loading. The point prevalence for LBP was 14% while the annual prevalence was 38%.

13

Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Korean Hospital Nurses

Smith D. R., Choe M. A., Jeon M. Y., Chae Y. R., An G. J., Jeong J. S.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2005

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Vol. 11, No. 4

431--440

EN

We investigated the epidemiology of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) among a complete cross-section of 330 nurses from a large Korean hospital, by means of a questionnaire survey (response rate: 97.9%). The prevalence of MSS at any body site was 93.6%, with symptoms most commonly reported at the shoulder (74.5%), lower back (72.4%), neck (62.7%), lower legs (52.1%) and hand/wrist (46.7%). Logistic regression indicated that nurses who undertook manual handling of patients were 7.2 times as likely to report MSS (OR 7.2, 95%CI 1.2–42.3, P = .0275), while nurses suffering from periodic depression experienced a 3.3-fold MSS risk (OR 3.3, 95%CI 1.3–8.3, P = .0104). Overall, our study suggests that Korean nurses incur a very high MSS burden when compared internationally. A greater commitment is needed to improve physical conditions, occupational tasks and psychosocial work issues among nurses in this country.

14

A continuous wavelet transform treatment of surface electromyographic (EMG) signals obtained from patients with low back pain before and after rehabilitation

Panagiotacopulos N., Amos M., Panayotakopoulos D.

Image Processing & Communications

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2002

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Vol. 8, no 2

113-120

EN

In this article we present the results of a study based on continuous wavelet transforms (CWT) of surface EMG signals. This analysis provides the distribution of the energy of the signal in the time-scale plane (scalogram). The data used in this study were signals obtained from patients with low back problems, and the analysis showed that there exist visual differences between the muscle responses before and after rehabilitation, as it can be seen in the associated scalograms.

15

Wpływ fizjoterapii z wykorzystaniem krioterapii ogólnoustrojowej na kształtowanie się parametrów prędkościowo-siłowych mięśni tułowia osób z przewlekłymi schorzeniami kręgosłupa

Skrzek A., Woźniewski M., Zagrobelny Z., Dziubek W., Malicka I.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2002

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Vol. 8, nr 1-2

11-16

PL

Dokonano oceny zmian parametrów prędkościowo-siłowych mięśni tułowia osób z przewlekłymi schorzeniami kręgosłupa poddanych ogólnoustrojowej krioterapii. Oczekiwano poprawy czynności tych mięśni, przejawiającą się wzrostem momentu ich siły, pracy całkowitej, mocy i wytrzymałości. Krioterapia ogólnoustrojowa działając przeciwbólowo i zwalniając przewodnictwo nerwowo-mięśniowe stwarza lepsze warunki do pracy mięśniowej. Efektem terapii było zwiększenie wszystkich mierzonych parametrów7 charakteryzujących skuteczność tej pracy.

EN

Evaluation of speed and force of trunk muscles under an influence of cryotherapy of whole body was the aim of the study. It was assumed that strength, total work, power and endurance of trunk muscles will increase. Cryotherapy of whole body decreasing pain and neuromuscular conductivity improves conditions of muscles work. Increase of all measured parameters was a result of this improvement.

16

Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders at Workplaces in the People's Republic of China

Bao S., Winkel J., Shahnavaz H.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2000

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Vol. 6, No. 4

557--574

EN

This paper presents 2 musculoskeletal disorders questionnaire surveys in 10 different Chinese occupational groups. Data collected from 1,603 workers using a modified Nordic musculoskeletal disorders symptom questionnaire showed that the 12-month prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders, particularly in the low back and shoulder-neck regions, was high at many Chinese workplaces. Significant differences existed between occupational groups. Assembly workers usually had higher neck-shoulder complaints compared to workers in most other occupations. However, the nature of assembly seemed also to influence the prevalence rate. Workers at a cassette recorder and a TV set assembly plant appeared to have more neck complaints compared with a group of thermos flask assemblers.

17

Low Back Muscle Activity in an Automobile Seat with a Lumbar Massage System

Kolich M., Taboun S. M., Mohamed A. I.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2000

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Vol. 6, No. 1

113--128

EN

This investigation was conducted to determine the effects of a massaging lumbar support system on low back muscle activity. The apparatus included a luxury-level automobile seat, six 10-mm diameter bipolar surface electrodes, an amplifier, an anaiog-to-digital conversion board, data acquisition software, and a personal computer. Six experimental conditions, each involving a variation of massage time, were considered. The dependent variable was the change in the root mean square variation of the EMG signal. One minute of lumbar massage every 5 min was found to have a beneficial effect on low back muscle activity (as compared to no massage). This may prove to be an extremely important result in the quest to combat low back pain attributable to automobile seating.

18

Evaluation of Low Back Pain Risks in a Beef Skinning Operation

Das B., Sengupta A. K.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2000

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Vol. 6, No. 3

347--361

EN

The low back pain risks in a beef skinning operation at a high stand kill floor workstation was evaluated. The increases in compressive forces at lower back (L5/S1) between normal slump (back angle 25°, measured in the sagittal plane) and severe (45°) and between normal slump and very severe (70°) bent back postures were 387 N or 28% and 616 N or 45%, respectively. The high spine load coupled with high level of repetition can have a high probability of fatigue failure in the spine structural members. Non-neutral back posture for a large portion of the total work time can be a low back pain risk factor. The videotape analysis showed that the times involved during the task performance for the bent back (more than 25°) and severe bent back (more than 45°) were 48.4 and 33.5% of the total cycle time, respectively. The upper limit from OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysis System) for bent back posture is 30% of the total cycle time. The bent and twisted back posture (both more than 25°) time was 10.4% compared to OWAS limit of 5%. This indicated that actions are needed in the near future to alleviate the risk of low back pain. Ergonomics redesign of the workstation was recommended for the operation.

19

Effects of Manual Handling, Posture, and Whole Body Vibrations on Low-Back Pain

Meyer J. P., Flenghi D., Deschamps J. P.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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1998

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Vol. 4, No. 4

449--470

EN

To determine the effect of occupational stress on low-back pain (LBP), a cross-sectional study has been carried out, by interviews, on workers exposed to 3 stresses: manual handling (MH, 82 women and 264 men), whole body vibrations (WBV, 274 men), and static postures (278 women). Anthropometric data, occupational stress, LBP severity and frequency, and a psychological evaluation of these groups were compared to those of a control population of 208 workers (104 men and 104 women). The results show that 30% of the population had never suffered from LBP. Age and the body mass index of the workers were the parameters most closely associated with LBP. Women involved in MH had higher frequency and severity of LBP than their reference population. Men involved in MH or exposed to WBV had higher frequency of painful episodes than their reference population. Workers exposed to one of the stresses were on sick leave for LBP more often, and for longer periods, than workers in the reference group. The results show that individual factors are often decisive in the onset of LBP. Nevertheless, in the more serious LBP cases, occupational stress is an aggravating factor for LBP and its consequences.