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Występowanie surfaktantów w próbkach środowiskowych

Olkowska E., Polkowska Ż., Namieśnik J.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2010

[Z] 64, 9-10

809-830

Surfactants (ionic and nonionic compounds, Fig. 1) have specific properties and they are applied in various areas of human activity (Tab. 2). The most important properties of surfactants are: amphiphilicity (Fig. 3), solubility in liquids of different polarity, formation of micellar structures (Fig. 4), adsorption and absorption in various media, toxicity (Tab. 1) [12–23] and susceptibility to degradation. The widely used various types of surfactants contribute to emission of pollutants to the environment (Fig. 6) [32–40]. So it is necessary to monitor their presence in ecosystems (also products of their incomplete degradation) and thus, the development of analytical methodologies, which allow for quick determination of many surfactants at low levels is needed. Therefore environmental samples have to be prepared for analysis using techniques of isolation and enrichment of analytes (usually LLE, ASE, SPE) [41–56]. For quantitative and qualitative determination of the analytes in extracts following analytical techniques are used: spectrophotometry, tensammetry, chromatography, capillary electrophoresis [57–78]. In the literature one can find information about determination of surfactants in different environmental samples. There is data available about levels of surfactants (especially anionic and nonionic) in solid (sediments and sludges, soil, street dust) and liquid samples (surface water and groundwater, wastewater, atmospheric deposits) (Tab. 3) [79–91].