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Skeletal deformities in Barbus xanthos (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) collected from the Dalaman River in southwestern Turkey

Jawad Laith, Güçlü Salim Serkan

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2022

Vol. 51, No. 2

203--211

In this study, skeletal anomalies such as vertebral centra deformation, lordosis (ventral curvature), and consecutive repetition of lordosis and kyphosis were examined in specimens of Barbus xanthos (Güçlü, Kalaycı, Küçük & Turan, 2020) collected from the Dalaman River, southwestern Turkey. Abnormalities of the vertebral column were observed in both thoracic and caudal vertebrae. Cases of lordosis and consecutive repetition of lordosis and kyphosis showed varying degrees of severity. Specimens with consecutive repetition of lordosis showed the most acute deformities among the cases studied, as they revealed complicated incidences of skeletal anomalies. None of the cases were fatal as they occurred in adult individuals. This study discusses the possible causes of such deformities and the usefulness of this type of study in environmental monitoring.

Biomechanics of the human spine

Jaworski Ł., Karpiński R.

Journal of Technology and Exploitation in Mechanical Engineering

2017

Vol. 3, nr 1

8--12

The paper presents biomechanics of the human spine. The vertebrae of the spine are described, including basic differentiation between vertebrae depending on theirs placement in the spine. The intervertebral discs are depicted. Curvatures of the spine are presented, followed by the basic biomechanics, including a movability of the spine and an influence of body posture on the spine.

Artykuł przedstawia zarys biomechaniki kręgosłupa człowieka. Opisano kręgi, uwzględniając różnice w budowie między kręgami na różnych odcinkach kręgosłupa oraz krążki międzykręgowe. Przybliżono strukturę krzywizn oraz podstawy biomechaniki kręgosłupa, uwzględniając jego zakresy ruchów i wpływ postawy ciała na kręgosłup.