Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Wieloletnie zmiany ciśnień piezometrycznych wód podziemnych w wyżynnym subregionie środkowej Wisły

Prażak Jan

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2023

|

Vol. 71, nr 2

82--91

EN

This report provides insight into long-term changes in the position of groundwater table in the upland subregion of the middle Vistula River based on the research conducted in seven 1st order hydrogeological stations of the national groundwater monitoring network. These changes reveal a clear temporal relationship/trend noted in the vertical profile of aquifers even in conditions of their significant mutual isolation. They have been described as an effect of the phenomenon, but without establishing its measurable causes. The report indicates that the dynamic of groundwater pressure needs further studies and discussion of hydrogeologists dealing with this topic.

2

Copepoda in the shallow hypersaline Bardawil coastal lake (Egypt ) : Are there long-term changes in composition and abundance?

Anufriieva E. V., El-Shabrawy G. M., Shadrin N. V.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2018

|

Vol. 47, No. 3

219--229

EN

Coastal Lake Bardawil (Egypt) is one of the largest hypersaline lakes in the world. In 2009-2010, the authors studied composition, distribution and seasonal dynamics of copepods at 12 sites. A total of 10 species of copepods were recorded in zooplankton during the study period, including 5 Calanoida, 2 Cyclopoida and 3 Harpacticoida. Oithona nana was the most common and most abundant species. All copepods in the lake can be divided into three groups: 1) planktic species that form stable populations, 2) species of Mediterranean plankton incidentally entering the lake from the adjacent sea area, 3) benthic Cyclopoida and Harpacticoida that can be abundant in plankton. Two species - Acartia tonsa and A. danae were recorded here for the first time. The total abundance of copepods in the lake was significantly higher (90 times on average) compared to that observed in 2008-2009 in the waters of the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. Since 1967, the complex of common and dominant copepod species in the lake has changed significantly. The total average annual copepod abundance varied: in 2002 - it was about 4000 ind. m-3, in 2004 - 152 000 ind. m-3, in 2005 - about 25 300 ind. m-3, and in 2009-2010 - about 56 000 ind. m-3.

3

The structure of macrozoobenthic communities as an environmental status indicator in the Gulf of Gdańsk (the Outer Puck Bay)

Warzocha J., Gromisz S., Wodzinowski T., Szymanek L.

Oceanologia

|

2018

|

No. 60 (4)

553--559

EN

An attempt is made to use long-term (1979-2014) macrobenthos data series to derive insights on changes in abiotic conditions and on potential effects of long-term macrobenthos variability on food availability for fish and wintering waterfowl. The data were collected from a small embayment, protected as a NATURA 2000 area, functioning as a fishing ground important for the local community and as a site of diverse commercial developments. The analysis showed a drastic reduction of the macrobenthos abundance and biomass, which could have been related to oxygen deficiency; on the other hand, recolonisation processes have also been observed.

4

Charophytes in the estuarine Curonian Lagoon: Have the changes in diversity, abundance and distribution occurred since the late 1940s?

Sinkevičienė Z., Bučas M., Ilginė R., Vaičiūtė D., Kataržytė M., Petkuvienė J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2017

|

Vol. 46, No. 2

186--198

EN

The results of the recent (2014-2015) inventory and three historical datasets (1949-1959, 1960-1980 and 1997-2007) were analyzed in order to track the long-term changes of charophytes in the largest estuarine lagoon of the Baltic Sea. The present species composition of charophytes in the estuarine part of the Curonian Lagoon consisted of 7 species, including tolerant to salinity (Chara aspera, C. contraria, C. globularis and Nitellopsis obtusa) and typical brackish-water species (Chara baltica, C. canescens and Tolypella nidifica). The highest congruence of species was between the 1997-2007 and 2014-2015 datasets, which covered respectively eutrophication and post-eutrophication periods. The 1949-1959 dataset (closest to the reference conditions) differed by the absence of typical brackish-water species. The 1960-1980 dataset (the major period of eutrophication) was relatively poor in study sites and species. During the last 6 decades, only tolerant to salinity freshwater species were constant and abundant; only Nitella mucronata can be considered as extinct. Recently, C. contraria became dominant and widespread. The changes in the charophyte species composition, abundance and distribution can be explained by different intensity of surveys and/or density of study sites, but also by the increased exposure to brackish waters since 1980s and/or recently reduced effect of eutrophication.

5

Spontaneous regeneration of the Carpathian beech forest in planted pine stands of the Roztocze National Park (the Roztocze Highlands, south-east-Poland)

Maciejewski Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2011

|

Vol. 59, nr 2

235-248

EN

Directions and the scope of changes in the species composition of individual layers in secondary pine communities belonging to the class Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. & Vlieg. 1937 (tree stand, shrubs and vascular plants of the herb layer) observed at two study plots over almost 40 years (from 1971 until 2009) are discussed. Both tree stands were planted and they are in the phase of spontaneous regeneration towards a potential natural community . the Carpathian beech forest Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum Oberd. 1953. Species with greater light requirements (pine Pinus sylvestris L., aspen Populus tremula L., oak Quercus robur L., ecologically alien to the potential plant community, retreat from the tree and shrub layers. The share of tree species typical of the potential community (beech Fagus sylvatica L., hornbeam Carpinus betulus L., sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus L.) - in the tree stands increases. The rate of changes is particularly high for beech, while regression symptoms are noticed for fir Abies alba Mill.: a decrease in the abundance and share of fir in both tree-stands was recorded. A decrease in the abundance and frequency of the majority of species, including species characteristic of deciduous forests (class Querco-Fagetea) and beech forests (order Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawł.1928), and an increase in species typical of alder-ash riparian forests (alliance Alno-Ulmion Br.-Bl. & Tx. 1943) and nitrophilous communities were observed in the herb layer. Conversion treatment may reinforce the artificial character of the community because the species composition, as well as the spatial and age structure of the tree stands, can be arbitrary and therefore artificially formed during conversion (arbitrary applied size and order of regeneration clumps and areas). When anthropogenic communities are left undisturbed, processes affecting all phytocoenotic layers are activated and spontaneous forest regeneration usually begins. Therefore, tree-stand conversion used as a tool to restore natural community is not effective.

6

Zróżnicowanie przestrzenne i wieloletnia zmienność temperatury gruntu w rejonie Stacji Polarnej UMK (NW Spitsbergen) w okresie letnim (1975-2009)

Przybylak R., Araźny A., Kejna M.

Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej

|

2010

|

nr 20

103-120

PL

W artykule przedstawiono podsumowanie wyników badań dotyczących zmian temperatury gruntu w otoczeniu Stacji Polarnej UMK na Kaffioyrze (NW Spitsbergen) w sezonie letnim. Do analizy wzięto dane pomiarowe z 5 głębokości (1, 5, 10, 20 i 50 cm) z 3 różnych ekotopów (plaża, morena i tundra) wykonane w trakcie 17 dotychczasowych wypraw polarnych zorganizowanych przez Instytut Geografii UMK w różnych latach okresu 1975-2009. W celu uzyskania pełnej porównywalności wyników wybrano okres 21.07-31.08, dla którego dostępne są kompletne dane dla niemal wszystkich sezonów letnich analizowanych w artykule. Serie temperatury gruntu na wszystkich stanowiskach i poziomach są ze sobą bardzo silnie skorelowane. Wyraźnie największy wpływ na zmierzone wartości temperatury gruntu w całej badanej warstwie wywiera tempe-ratura powietrza (współczynniki korelacji wahają się od 0,6 do 0,86). Inne elementy meteorologiczne takie jak prędkość wiatru, zachmurzenie i usłonecznienie również w sposób istotny wpływają na temperaturę gruntu, ale głównie w warstwie 0-20 cm (współczynniki korelacji wahają się od 0,15 do 0,28). Istotny statystycznie, chociaż ilościowo bardzo niewielki, wpływ na temperaturę gruntu w warstwie do 20 cm ma także opad atmosferyczny.

EN

In the present paper a comprehensive synthesis of ground temperature changes on the Kaffiřyra Plain (NW Spitsbergen) in the summer season (21st July to 31st August) from 1975 to 2009 is described. This has been done with two main aims in mind: i) to examine the influence of different ecotypes on ground temperature values in the layer 1-50 cm, and ii) to examine long-term changes of ground temperature. The highest values of long-term average ground temperature in the summer season have been observed between 20th and 25th July. After this period a gradual decrease in ground temperature is observed (Table 2, Fig. 3). One clear cold singularity can be distinguished here occurring at the end of July and start of August which is connected with a significant decrease in air temperature observed very often during this time. In the period 1978-2009 the warmest ground in the entire analysed layer was observed at the ‘Moraine’ site (6.2°C), and the coldest was at the ‘Tundra’ site (5.1°C) – Table 3, Fig. 4. However, in the shallowest layer (up to 1 cm) markedly the warmest site was the beach, while the coldest was at a depth of 50 cm (Fig. 4). The reason for the large decrease of temperature in this layer was that this was where the permafrost roof was at its shallowest. As a consequence of this temperature behaviour in the layer, the ‘Beach’ site shows the greatest lapse rate of ground temperature (-0.78°C/10 cm) (Table 4). In the warmest summer seasons a greater range of ground temperature in the daily cycle is observed than in the coldest ones, which is very clearly seen, in particular in the layer from surface up to 20 cm (Fig. 5). In the study period a significant increase in ground temperature in the layer 1-20 cm was observed starting in 1998, while at a depth of 50 cm this rise can be seen from 2005 onward (Fig. 6). Very high and statistically significant correlation have been found between series of daily ground temperature taken from all sites and all measurement depths (Table 5). Air temperature is a meteorological variable, which has the greatest influence on the values of ground temperature. Correlation coefficients between series of its daily values and series of average daily ground temperature in all analysed depths at the ‘Beach’ site oscillate from 0.6 to 0.86 (Table 6, Fig. 7). Important factors controlling values of ground temperature in the layer 0-20 cm are also wind velocity, cloudiness and sunshine duration (correlation coefficients oscillate between 0.15 and 0.28).

7

Long-term changes of mollusc assemblages in bottom sediments of small-isolated lakes of different trophic state

Kołodziejczyk A., Lewandowski K., Stańczykowska A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2009

|

Vol. 57, nr 2

331-339

EN

It is a common view that increase of the trophic state of lakes has a negative effect on littoral invertebrate macrofauna, molluscs among them. However, the available data are often contradictory, and the decline of particular species is often observed only at a very pronounced raise in trophic state. The aim of this work was to present the changes of the composition and abundance of bottom malacofauna taking place during last 30 years in five small (area from 0.12 to 1.74 km[^2]), mainly shallow (mean depth from 3.7 to 11.8 m) lakes of different trophic state (eutrophic and mesotrophic), connected by a small river (Masurian Lakeland, Northeastern Poland). The research were conducted in years 1997 and 2006 and were compared with published data, collected in 1976. The trophic state of the lakes studied was still constant during the period of investigations. In the studied lakes the decrease of number of bottom mollusc species was observed in subsequent years. The previously recorded there alien, invasive species, Potamopyrgus antipodarum (J.E. Gray, 1843) and Lithoglyphus naticoides (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) also disappeared. Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) remained the dominant species in most of the lakes. These changes were recorded in four eutrophic lakes as well as inone mesotrophic lake. The decline of the species in individual lakes didn't follow any regularity. Some mollusc species disappeared and value of similarity index between malacocenoses in these lakes decreased. It seems, that the trophic state was not the cause of disappearance of some mollusc species from the studied lakes. However, the effect of frequent anoxia in littoral zone related to eutrophication was raised up as the possible cause. The decline is of long-term character, probably resulting from small size and relative isolation of the lakes, which impede their recolonisation.

8

A 13-year change in ground-layer vegetation of Carpathian beech forests

Łysik M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2009

|

Vol. 57, nr 1

47-61

EN

13 year changes in the ground vegetation of natural beech forest were studied in the Babia Góra National Park (South Poland) and compared with the results of similar study in the Ojców National Park published previously (Łysik 2008). In 1-ha permanent research plot homogeneous vegetation patches of the size at least 1m[^2], that differed from neighbouring patches in species composition and/or species share (patch types) were specified and mapped. After intersecting two (for years 1991 and 2004) numerical maps a synthetic map, used then as a basis for evaluating the ground vegetation changes, was created. Changes in each patch and dynamics of each species were derived using adequate formulas. Shannon-Wiener and evenness indices were measured for both years. Comparison of species composition and structure of the herb layer in 1991 and 2004 gives evidence of a highly dynamic nature of the ground layer. On 27% of investigated area vegetation were totally different than 13 years before, while less than 3% of the study area stayed unchanged. On the rest of the area changes of diverse intensity occurred. However, the mean over-plot intensity of changes was about 65% (calculated according to formula 1). Plant cover decreased by about 20%, but at the same time increases were noticed in species number and patch types. There was a significant increase in the area covered by grasses and ferns at the expense of Rubus idaeus L., which used to be a dominant species in 1991. Moreover, cover share of all species become more evenly distributed in comparison with situation 13 years before (evenness index increased from 0.49 to 0.68). The most dynamic species were those associated with decaying stumps and downed logs. These results suggest that, in natural beech forests, overstory dynamics or other mechanisms (like competition with natural recruitment of trees) make the dominance of any species in ground-layer not longer than a decade.

9

Changes of the nutrient loads of the Odra River during the last century - their causes and consequences

Behrendt H., Opitz D., Kolanek A., Korol R., Strońska M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2008

|

no. 12

127-144

EN

Nutrient emissions by point and diffuse sources and their loads were estimated for the Odra catchment over the time period of the last 50 years by means of the model MONERIS. For nitrogen a change of the total emissions from 38 kt·a-¹ N in the mid of 1950s a maximum of 105 kt·a-¹ N in the early 1980s and a recent value of about 84 kt·a-¹ N were estimated for the total Odra Basin. The share of the point source discharges on the total N emissions varied between 24% (1955) and 35% (1995). The emissions from groundwater and tile drained areas represent the dominant pathway (37-56% of total N emissions) during all investigated time periods. Emissions from tile drained areas increased from the mid of 1950s to end of 1980s by a factor of 20 and reached in this period the same amount as emissions by groundwater. For phosphorus the emissions changed from 4 kt·a-¹ P in 1955 to 14 kt·a-¹ P in 1990 and a recent level of 7 kt·a-¹ P. Point source discharges caused between 36 to 66% of total P emissions and represent the dominant pathway for all investigated time periods. Erosion and discharges from paved urban areas and sewer systems was the dominant diffuse pathway of the total P emissions into the river system. The comparison of calculated and observed nutrient loads for the main monitoring stations along the Odra River shows that the average deviation is 12% for total phosphorus (1980-2000) and 15% for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (1960-2000). From the analysis it can be concluded that the present load of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and total nitrogen (TN) of the Odra into the Baltic Sea is about 2.3 times higher than in the mid of 1960s. The maximum DIN load (1980s) was more than 3 times higher than in the 1960s. The change of the total phosphorus (TP) load is characterized by an increase from the 1955s to 1980 from 2 to 7 kt·a-¹ P (factor 2.6). Around 2000 the TP load was 4 kt·a-¹ which is only the double of the level of the 1955s.

PL

Emisja składników biogennych ze źródeł punktowych i rozproszonych oraz ich ładunki w zlewni Odry zostały obliczone dla 50 ostatnich lat z wykorzystaniem modelu MONERIS. Emisja związków azotu w zlewni Odry zmieniała się od 38 kt·r-¹ N w połowie lat 50. XX w. do maksymalnie 105 kt·r-¹ N we wczesnych latach 80. Udział zrzutów ze źródeł punktowych w całkowitej emisji azotu zmieniał się między 24% (1955 r.) a 35% (1995 r.). Emisja z wód gruntowych i obszarów zdrenowanych jest czynnikiem dominującym i stanowi 37-56% całkowitej emisji azotu w analizowanym okresie. Emisja z obszarów zdrenowanych zwiększa się od połowy lat 50. do końca lat 80. 20 razy, osiągając taką samą wielkość jak emisja z wód gruntowych. Emisja związków fosforu zmieniła się od 4 kt·r-¹ P w 1955 r. do 14 kt·r-¹ P w 1990 r., a ostatnio osiągnęła 7 kt·r-¹ P. Zrzuty ze źródeł punktowych stanowią od 36 do 66% całkowitej emisji fosforu i są dominującym czynnikiem w całym badanym okresie. Erozja oraz zrzuty zanieczyszczeń z obszarów miejskich to najważniejsze drogi dopływu związków fosforu ze źródeł obszarowych do rzeki. Porównanie obliczonych oraz obserwowanych ładunków składników biogennych w głównych stanowiskach monitoringowych zlokalizowanych wzdłuż Odry, wskazuje, że średnie odchylenie wynosiło 12% w przypadku fosforu całkowitego (1980-2000) i 15% - azotu mineralnego (1960-2000). Po przeanalizowaniu wyników można wysnuć wniosek, że aktualny ładunek azotu mineralnego (DIN) i azotu całkowitego (TN) wnoszony z Odry do Morza Bałtyckiego jest około 2,3 razy większy niż w połowie lat 60. Maksymalny ładunek DIN (1980 r.) był ponad 3 razy większy od tego z lat 60. Zmiany ładunku fosforu całkowitego (TP) są charakteryzowane zwiększeniem wartości z 2 kt·r-¹ P (1955 r.) do 7 kt·r-¹ P (1980). Około 2000 r. ładunek TP wynosił 4 kt·r-¹, co jest wartością tylko dwukrotnie większą od stwierdzonej w 1955 r.

10

Zmiany stężeń związków azotu i fosforu w wodach zbiorników zaporowych Solina-Myczkowce w latach 1970-2005

Koszelnik P.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

|

2007

|

T. 10, nr 4

309-319

PL

W niniejszej pracy omówiono zmienność średnich stężeń związków azotu i fosforu w wodach zespołu zbiorników zaporowych Solina-Myczkowce na Sanie w latach 1970-2005, od początku istnienia kaskady do chwili obecnej. Zestawiono średnie stężenia biogenów z kilku stanowisk obu zbiorników w okresach pięcioletnich. Zbiornik Solina jest największym zbiornikiem retencyjnym w Polsce i wspólnie ze zbiornikiem Myczkowce zatrzymuje ponad 15% wód retencjonowanych obecnie w Polsce. Stwierdzono, że dla obydwu zbiorników w trakcie analizowanego okresu stężenia fosforu całkowitego zmniejszyły się z poziomu około 0,2 do 0,08 g m-3 wpływ na to miał spadek stężeń zarówno form rozpuszczonych, jak i nierozpuszczonych. W przypadku azotu całkowitego zanotowano wzrost z wartości około 2 do 3 g m-3. Odnotowano systematyczne wzbogacanie się wód w azot pochodzący zarówno ze źródeł obszarowych, jak i punktowych. Główny wpływ na ten wzrost miały coraz wyższe koncentracje azotu Kjeldahla, ponadto zaobserwowano istotne zwiększenie stężeń azotu amonowego, który oprócz źródeł zewnętrznych mógł pochodzić z przemian zachodzących w obrębie zbiorników. Zanotowane zmiany nie powodują jednak istotnego pogorszenia jakości wód zbiorników. Analizowane wody klasyfikowane są najczęściej w II kl. jakości wód, zaś molowy stosunek N:P w miarę starzenia się zbiorników wzrósł z zakresu około 20+30:1 do 60+80:1.

EN

In the paper, changes in nitrogen and phosphorus compounds concentration in water of the Solina-Myczkowce dam reservoirs during 1970-2005 period, from the beginning of their existence to present-day were contained and discussed. N and P mean concentrations over five-year periods from a few sites within both reservoirs were compared. The Solina reservoir is the biggest Polish man-made lake (volume ca. 470 min ni3) and jointly with Myczkowce accounts for about 15% of total water storage capacity in Poland. The reservoirs catchment area comprises predominantly forests and mountain pasture. Farmed agricultural lands and settlements are mainly located at the mouth of tributary valleys. The lower Myczkowce Reservoir, as a compensatory waterbody, is supplied by the hypolimnetic waters of the upper one (90% of total supply), and by minor tributaries. The upper Solina reservoir has three major inflows (accounting for 90% of total water supply) and three minor ones. Reversible pumping takes place sporadically. The outflow from the complex involves bottom water from the lower reservoir flowing through a hydro-electric-power plant. It was found that during analyzed period concentrations of the total phosphorus decreased from ca. 0.2 to 0.08 g m-3, the impact on the decline had both dissolved and undissolved phosphorus. In case of the nitrogen increasing from about 2 to 3 g m-3 observed, come from reservoir loading with N from point and non-point sources. The increasing of the nitrogen concentrations in analyzed waters was mainly connected with higher Kjeldahl nitrogen content. Moreover, systematic and distinct increasing of ammonia nitrogen of external origin as well as from nitrogen fluxes in reservoirs was noted. However, noted changes do not cause a deterioration of the reservoirs water quality. Analyzed waters are classified in II class of the water quality most often, and molar N:P ratio from the beginning of the reservoirs increased from about 20+30:1 to 60+80:1.

11

Analysis of long-term variations in physico-chemical parameters of seawater in the southern Baltic Sea; an approach to incomplete data series

Łysiak-Pastuszak E., Cyberski J.

Oceanologia

|

1999

|

No. 41 (4)

553-572

EN

Long-term trends in the variations of physical and chemical parameters characterising seawater were analysed by a method, originally used in climatology, allowing detection of optimal cycles of these variations in incomplete (intermittent) data time series. The method was used to analyse measurements of water temperature, salinity, density, oxygen saturation and nutrient concentrations (phosphate, nitrate and silicate) from station BMP L1 (P1) in the Gdansk Deep region obtained between 1979 and 1996. All parameters revealed a pattern of regular cycles, the spectrum of the cycles being dependent on the parameters and water layer. As regards reconstruction and forecasting in the deterministic-stochastic model, statistically significant correlation coefficients in the 0.57-0.97 range were obtained between the calculated and empirical data for all the parameters examined. The correlation was poorest in the case of silicate. Linear regression trends calculated in the deterministic-stochastic model were in relatively good agreement with those obtained using Hirsch's non-parametric test.

12

Long-term changes in mollusc communities in shallow biotopes of a lowland reservoir (Zegrzyński Reservoir, central Poland)

Jurkiewicz-Karnkowska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

1998

|

Vol. 46, no 1

43-63

EN

Studies on species composition, dominance pattern and abundance of bottom molluscan fauna were conducted in 1980-1981 and 1995 in shallow biotopes of a lowland reservoir and mouth sections of inflowing rivers. In comparison with early 80-ties, number of mollusc species and species diversity decreased. Dominance of Viviparus viviparus and Dreissena polymorpha continued, whereas a share of Sphareiidae (except S. rivicola) in mollusc abundance decreased. After an increase in mollusc abundance observed till the end of 80-ties, a declining tendency was found(less distinct in the case of biomass). Progressive eutrophication of the reservoir is likely to be the main reason of the changes.