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General bankruptcy prediction models for the Visegrád Group : the stability over time

Tomczak Sebastian Klaudiusz

Operations Research and Decisions

2023

Vol. 33, No. 4

171--187

Managers of enterprises must constantly face the continual changes on the market and fight for survival in a world of high competition. Therefore, it is important to systematically monitor the company’s financial condition. This will help to identify problems and give specific time to take corrective action. Bankruptcy prediction models are usually constructed for local goals. The purpose of the article is to build not only regional but also general discriminant and logit models for the SMEs operating in the construction industry in Visegrád Group countries. A total of 32 unique models were built and verified along with the Altman model for emerging markets. The paper also contributes to the literature by assessing the stability of the constructed models over time, which the models’ authors do not usually measure. The results showed that regional models are characterized by higher accuracy than general ones. However, general models can be adapted to the analyzed Visegrád Group with an accuracy of approximately 90%. The G1 LR model can be considered the best model, as it has relatively high accuracy and over-time stability.

The influence of the vehicle age on the calculated probability of exceeding the standardised exhaust emission

Filipczyk J., Kutrzyk-Nykiel A.

Journal of KONES

2010

Vol. 17, No. 4

149-155

The article presents the results of investigations of the influence of vehicle age on traffic exhaust emission. The measurements of the test group of 500 different vehicles have been made in accordance with ECE Regulations and the methodology of periodical car inspection. Those measurements provided Information about the level of emission from each vehicle and allowed to identify high polluting vehicles. The percentage of faulty vehicles and the type of faults were estimated. Next, the percentage of high polluting vehicles has been estimated. The results of investigations were compared to the requirements of each model of a given year. The percentage of high polluting vehicles for each model of a given year has been presented. The vehicles have been divided into different exhaust emission legislation classes. The percentage of high polluting vehicles for each exhaust emission legislation class has been elaborated. Next, the relation between exhaust emission and the vehicle age has been made and presented. The pro bability ofexceeding the standardized exhaust emission for each model of a given year of vehicles has been calculated. The calculations included the exhaust emission such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. The likelihood of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons emission violations have been estimated applying logit analysis. The calculations have been made in two cases, for manufactures and national emission standards. The results of investigations and analysis show that vehicle age plays a significant role in determining exhaust emission test results.