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Logistyka recyklingu pojazdów wycofanych z eksploatacji

Kolanek Cz., Topolska K., Walkowiak W.

Systems : journal of transdisciplinary systems science

2005

Vol. 10, nr 1

100--109

Problematykę recyklingu pojazdów wycofanych z eksploatacji w polsce reguluje ustawa uchwalona dnia 20 stycznia 2005 roku. W pracy przedstawiono logistykę procesu recyklingu pojazdów wycofanych z eksploatacji w ramach działań systemowo zintegrowanych, wynikających z ustawy.

The population of the Earth has exceeded 6 billions, and the number of proprietors of motor vehicles has reached the level of 800 millions. In Poland, the number of cars being exploited exceeds the number of 10 millions. At a certain moment, the motor vehicle losses its values of usefulness and becomes a waste material. At present, rational waste management that permits to limit the consumption of natural raw materials and energy as well to reduce areas for storing waste being not utilized becomes a necessity and not only an act of will. Poland has acceded to countries where appropriate legal regulations in that domain are in force, as a result of accepting in January 2005 the Law concerning recycling vehicles withdrawn from further use. The subject of this contribution concerns the identification of elements of a logistic system of waste management concerning vehicles being withdrawn from further exploitation, in connection with the definition of the notion of logistics being accepted by the European Committee for Standardization in 1992. These elements are: planning, organization, realization and control of the process in j the domain of technology, information flow and finances management. Planning in the are of recycling technique creates economic units in the form of: an enter-prise conducting a unit of gathering the vehicles, an enterprise conducting a sta-1 tion of vehicle dismantling, an enterprise operating shredding equipment and I an enterprise performing activity in the area of recovery and recycling. Theve-I hides can be supplied by their proprietors to the gathering unit or dismantling j station, assuming that the distance from the nearest of the mentioned enterprises does not exceed 50 km. The necessity of supplying a complete vehicle is also an essential requirement, or of paying a charge of 10 zlotys for each missing ki-f logram of its mass. The Legislator also states that an enterprise that imports into i the country more than 1000 vehicles per year has to organize a recycling network, and that the enterprise that imports a smaller number of vehicles - has to pay a charge amounting to 500 zlotys for each car. The Law imposes, upon the undertaker conducting a dismantling station, the obligation of reaching a level of recovery and recycling of vehicles being withdrawn from further use respectively of 95 % and 85 % of the mass of vehicles received at his/her station. In this work, an analysis concerning the other elements and areas of the discussed problems has been performed. As a result of that analysis, the following statements have been made: • The proposed system of recycling vehicles being withdrawn from further exploitation contains all the essential elements resulting from the principles of waste logistics. • A certain shortcoming consists in the suggested principle of admitting the installation to be operated after having verified its regular functioning. • The proposed solution consisting in a payment when transmitting an incomplete vehicle to recycling seems to be problematic, as: - in the case of an old vehicle, the calculated amount to be paid can be a barrier for assuring legal withdrawal of the vehicle from further use, - in the case of a partially damaged new vehicle, the fact of disassembling good elements of the vehicle outside the station can be attractive from the financial point of view, - in the case of a considerably destroyed vehicle (as a result of a road or fatal event) the amount to be paid can be inadequate with regard to the existing situation. • A lack of information exists concerning the procedure of canceling the vehicle I from the central files in the case of theft. • The parameters of the network have not been defined, this network having obligatorily to be organized by the enterprise importing the vehicle onto the territory of the country.

Model sieci dystrybucji w systemie recyklingu samochodów

Tomczuk I., Saniuk S., Bzdyra K.

Inżynieria Maszyn

2003

R. 8, z. 1

88-98

W pracy przedstawiono model recyklingu odpadów poprodukcyjnych sieci geograficznie rozmieszczonych przedsiębiorstw i stacji utylizacji wyeksploatowanych samochodów osobowych. Rozważany problem sprowadza się do poszukiwania sposobu wyznaczania dopuszczalnych wariantów obsługi transportowo-magazynowej systemu recyklingu w warunkach występowania ograniczeń logistycznych. Ograniczeniami są tutaj ilość gromadzonych odpadów, pojemności magazynów przedsiębiorstw oraz stacji utylizacji odpadów, wydajności stacji utylizacji, przepustowości systemu transportowego, dostępna struktura tras, itd. Prowadzane badania koncentrują się nad oceną wykorzystania technik programowania w logice ograniczeń w wariantowaniu obsługo transportowo-magazynowej sieci zakładów recyklingu samochodów wycofanych z eksploatacji.

The thesis describes a model of the production waste recycling in the geographically located enterprises net an utilization station of the exploited cars (wracks). The considered problem leads to search for a method choosing the available variants of logistic service for recycling system in the limited logistic conditions. The limitations are: the number of accumulating waste. the capacity of enterprise warehouses and waste utilization stations, the efficiency of the utilization stations, the output of transport system, the availability of routes structure, etc. The delved researches are focused on the estimation of the usage of programming Constraint Programming at the logistic service prototyping of the recycling enterprises net of cars withdrawn from exploitation.