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1
Content available Kłamię
PL
Podajemy przykłady paradoksów z różnych epok, poczynając od starożytnego paradoksu kłamcy do paradoksów Russella.
EN
The article aims to answer whether Gottlob Frege’s letter to Adolph Mayer, dated 8 July 1896, could help German mathematicians get acquainted with Giuseppe Peano’s mathematical work, including his mathematical logic. It is the first publication of this letter in English. At the beginning, I present the main characters of this story. Next, I refer to the letters concerning Peano and his mathematical results. Thus, I show the background of Frege’s letter to Mayer. In the last part, I collect information about Peano’s contacts with German mathematicians - where he was quoted and by whom, who was quoted by Peano, and in which period of his life. I conclude that Peano was known in Germany before Frege wrote to Mayer in 1896. However, the letter could have helped publish five of Peano’s articles in Germany, where Peano’s mathematical logic was hardly known then. Undoubtedly, the letter promoted that knowledge.
PL
Celem artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy list Gottloba Fregego do Adolpha Mayera, nadany 8 lipca 1896 r., mógl pomóc niemieckim matematykom zapoznać się z pracami matematycznymi Giuseppego Peana, w tym z jego logiką matematyczną. Jest to pierwsze wydanie tego listu w języku angielskim. Najpierw przedstawiam główne postaci tej historii. Następnie omawiam listy dotyczące Peana i jego wyników matematycznych. W ten sposób pokazuję tło listu Fregego do Mayera. W ostatniej części zbieram informacje o kontaktach Peana z niemieckimi matematykami - gdzie był cytowany i przez kogo, kogo cytował Peano i w którym okresie swojego życia. Kończę z wnioskiem, że Peano był znany w Niemczech zanim Frege napisał do Mayera w 1896 r. List mógł jednak pomóc w wydaniu pięciu artykułów Peana w Niemczech, gdzie jego logika matematyczna była wówczas niemal nieznana. Niewątpliwie list pomógł w szerzeniu tej wiedzy.
EN
The approach to applications integration for World Data Center (WDC) interdisciplinary scientific investigations is developed in the article. The integration is based on mathematical logic and artificial intelligence. Key elements of the approach - a multilevel system architecture, formal logical system, implementation - are based on intelligent agents interaction. The formal logical system is proposed. The inference method and mechanism of solution tree recovery are elaborated. The implementation of application integration for interdisciplinary scientific research is based on a stack of modern protocols, enabling communication of business processes over the transport layer of the OSI model. Application integration is also based on coordinated models of business processes, for which an integrated set of business applications are designed and realized.
4
Content available remote The reception of logic in Poland: 1870‒1920
EN
This paper presents the reception of mathematical logic (semantics and methodology of science are entirely omitted, but the foundations of mathematics are included) in Poland in the years 1870–1920. Roughly speaking, Polish logicians, philosophers and mathematicians mainly followed Boole’s algebraic ideas in this period. Logic as shaped by works of Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell became known in Poland not earlier than about 1905. The foundations for the subsequent rapid development of logic in Poland in the interwar period were laid in the years 1915–1920. The rise of Polish Mathematical School and its program (the Janiszewski program) played the crucial role in this context. Further details can be found in [8]. This paper uses the material published in [20‒24].
PL
W artykule przedstawiono recepcję logiki matematycznej w Polsce w latach 1870–1920. Polscy logicy, zarówno filozofowie jak i matematycy, kontynuowali algebraiczne idee Boole’a w tym okresie. Logika w stylu Gottloba Fregego i Bertranda Russella stała się znana w Polsce około 1905 r. Podwaliny pod dalszy szybki rozwój logiki w okresie międzywojennym zostały położone w latach 1915–1920. Powstanie Polskiej Szkoły Matematycznej i jej program (program Janiszewskiego) odegrały kluczową rolę w tym kontekście. Dalsze szczegóły można znaleźć w [8, 12]. Niniejszy artykuł korzysta z materiału zawartego w [20‒24].
5
Content available remote On the history of logic in the Russian Empire (1850–1917)
EN
In 1850 a very important decision for the whole history of humanities and social sciences in Russia was made by Nicholas I, the Emperor of Russia: to eliminate the teaching of philosophy in public universities in order to protect the regime from the Enlightenment ideas. Only logic and experimental psychology were permitted, but only if taught by theology professors. On the one hand, this decision caused the development of the Russian theistic philosophy enhanced by modern methodology represented by logic and psychology of that time. On the other hand, investigations in symbolic logic performed mainly at the Kazan University and the Odessa University were a bit marginal. Because of the theistic nature of general logic, from 1850 to 1917 in Russia there was a gap between philosophical and mathematical logics.
PL
W 1850 r. car Rosji Mikołaj I wydał ważny dla nauk humanistycznych w Rosji edykt: wyeliminować nauczanie filozofii w uczelniach publicznych w celu ochrony systemu naukowego od idei Oświecenia. Tylko logika i psychologia eksperymentalna były dozwolone, jeśli prowadzili je profesorowie teologii. Z jednej strony, taka decyzja spowodowała rozwój rosyjskiej filozofii teistycznej wzmocnionej przez nowoczesne metodologie reprezentowane przez logikę i psychologię tamtych czasów. Z drugiej strony, badania w logice symbolicznej prowadzone głównie na uniwersytetach w Kazaniu i Odessie miały charakter marginalny. Ze względu na ogólny charakter teistyczny logiki, w Rosji w latach 1850–1917 nie było związków między logiką filozoficzną i matematyczną.
6
Content available remote Modelowanie rozmyte wielokryterialnej oceny harmonogramu realizacji projektu
PL
Proces oceny i podejmowania decyzji zawsze jest oparty na kreowaniu pewnego modelu. Model matematyczny oceny wielokryterialmej ma na celu przedstawienie wariantów, ograniczeń, kryteriów i zależności między nimi, za pomocą których można w sposób przybliżony opisać jakiś aspekt rzeczywistości.
EN
This paper describes the using fuzzy logic to evaluate alternative project execution schedules. The multi-criteria evaluation based on the criteria proposed by experts or decision-makers in the planning phase, during which it is critical to document the tasks to be completed in a project schedule.
EN
In this paper the authors propose a method of verifying formulae in normal modal logics. In order to show that a formula α is a thesis of a normal modal logic, a set of decomposition rules for any formula is given. These decomposition rules are based on the symbols of assertion and rejection of formulae.
8
Content available remote Andrzej Grzegorczyk - logika i religia, samotność i solidarność
EN
This laudation was presented on October 20, 2007, at the University of Warsaw, at a session honoring Professor Andrzej Grzegorczyk on his 85th birthday. He is presented as a philosopher, logician, writer, religiously involved Christian, advocate of the ideology of non-violence. He is widely respected among Polish philosophers. Only recently served as the chairman of the national Committee on Philosophy. At the same time he is completely independent: he never belonged to any school of thought, and was always choosing a path of his own. He is a prolific author covering much broader ground than mathematical logic, where his internationally known achievements belong. primarily in fact to the theory of recursive functions. Grzegorczyk seems to be an embodiment of logic and logical rationality.
10
Content available remote W-irreducible Lattices
EN
A finite lattice is W-irreducible if it cannot be split into two overlapping lattices, one of them being an ideal and the other a filter of the lattice. We give some characterization of finite W-irreducible lattices.
EN
A fragmentary system of the classical propositional calculus, in which the law C N N αα is valid instead of the law CαN N α, is presented.
PL
W pracy podejmuje się próbę rekonstrukcji stoickiego rachunku zdań, w szczególności dowodu stoickiego. Porównuje się również rachunek stoicki z klasycznym rachunkiem zdań.
EN
In this paper an attempt is made of reconstruction of the stoic propositional calculus, especially the stoic proof. The stoic calculus is also compared with clasical propositional calculus.
16
Content available remote Extensions of the Grzegorczyk Logic Determined by Some Countable Boolean Algebras
EN
It is shown that a chain of type of w + 1 of modal logics: Tr = Grz + B1 ⊃ Grz + B2 ⊃ Grz + B3 ⊃...⊃ Grz (all of them are extensions of the Grzegorczyk logic Grz), contains all and only such modal logics which can be obtained as sets of formulae that are valid in the Stone spaces of countable superatomic Boolean algebras. Some topological conditions which correspond to the Grzegorczyk logic are presented.
18
Content available remote Category approach to R L4 - sets
EN
In this paper Fm going to investigate the subcategory of the category of sets valued by some Heyting algebra. The notion of a Heyting algebra valued set was introduced by Scott [1] in 1972 in his work a the intuitionistic set theory. The categories of Heyting algebra valued sets were investigated and described by D. Higgs in [3] and [4].
19
Content available remote A Survay of Foundational Gentzen's Systems for Finitely-Valued Logics
EN
The Gentzen system for n-valued logical calculi discussed here is based on the notion of a sequent. However, this notion can be defined in at least three different ways. The first defines a sequent as a finite sequence of formulas (Kirin 1985, Saloni 1972, Orłowska 1985), the second defines it as an ordered n-tuple of finite sequences or sets of formulas (Rousseau 1967, Takahasi 1967, Borowik 1984). The third way consists in defining a sequent as an ordered pair of finite sets or sequences of formulas (Fitting 1991). The assumed definition determines then the form of the rules for eliminating or introducing propositional connectives in a given sequent, and thus also the whole formalization of the system.
20
Content available remote New examples of hereditarily t-Baire spaces
EN
We introduce a new class of hereditarily t-Baire spaces (defined by G. Koumoullis (1993) - see below) which need not to have the restricted Baire property in a compactification - as an example serves the space (O,omega[sup 1])^A for A uncountable. We use this and a modification of a construction of D. Fremlin (1987) to get, under the assumption that there is a measurable cardinal, an example of a first class function of a hereditarily t-Baire space into a metric space which has no point of continuity, which shows, in answer to a question of G. Koumoullis (1993), that the cardinality restriction in his Theorem 4.1 cannot be dropped.
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