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The application of logical decision trees to the decision-making process in ill-structured problems

Sadowińska-Kałuża Milena, Kałuża Paweł

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2023

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Vol. 55, No. 2(208)

77--90

EN

Decision-making is a process which has accompanied the human being since time immemorial and in various areas of their activity. It should result in making a choice that meets the expectations (conditions) of the decision maker to the greatest extent. Decisions can be made on the basis of information which is not always complete and reliable. Sometimes it may happen that it is incomplete and reliable or complete but unreliable. Then, it concerns ill-structured problems. The purpose of this article is to verify whether ill-structured problems can be solved/supported in a way based on an operating algorithm. In the article, a case study with complete but unreliable information as well as with complete and reliable information was used. Logical decision trees were employed in the study. The result of the study allowed for, among others, establishing that the analysis of an ill-structured problem using logical decision trees consists in performing steps which follow one another in a logical sequence creating thus a sequence of operations, and therefore an operating algorithm, which confirms that solving ill-structured problems can be supported/implemented using an algorithm.

PL

Podejmowanie decyzji stanowi proces, który towarzyszy człowiekowi od zawsze i w różnych obszarach jego działalności. Jego rezultatem powinno być dokonanie wyboru, który w największym stopniu spełnia oczekiwania (warunki) decydenta. Decyzje można podejmować na podstawie informacji, które nie zawsze są pełne i pewne. Czasem może się zdarzyć, że są niepełne i pewne lub pełne, ale niepewne. Wówczas dotyczą one problemów słabo ustrukturalizowanych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest weryfikacja, czy problemy słabo ustrukturalizowane można rozwiązywać/wspierać ich rozwiązywanie w sposób oparty na algorytmie działań. W artykule wykorzystano analizę przypadku z informacjami pełnymi, ale niepewnymi oraz pełnymi i pewnymi. Posłużono się w niej logicznymi drzewami decyzyjnymi. Jej wynik pozwolił m.in. na stwierdzenie, że analiza problemu słabo ustrukturalizowanego za pomocą logicznych drzew decyzyjnych polega na wykonaniu kroków, które następują po sobie w logicznej kolejności. Tworząc tym samym ciąg czynności, a zatem algorytm działania, co potwierdza, że rozwiązywanie problemów słabo ustrukturalizowanych może być wspierane/realizowane za pomocą algorytmu.

2

Zastosowanie logicznych drzew decyzyjnych do analizy wad w etapie lutowania na fali podczas montażu SMT

Sadowińska M.

Zarządzanie Przedsiębiorstwem

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2014

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Vol. 17, nr 2

26--33

EN

Decision trees are a logical method, which graphically presents the solution of logical function. They consist of the branch on which the data are coded variables. Solutions are presented as the true path. The method used to optimize the solution functions are logical decision trees, the construction of which the principle is the same as the logical trees. They make it possible to eliminate the occurrence of twigs isolated and cut off the full beam. This procedure allows to minimize the real twigs. This is advantageous due to the phenomenon that the optimal solution is the combination of variables, which is associated with the tree having the smallest number of real branches. This tree defines the status of the variables tested from most to least important. The purpose of the study was to determine the hierarchy of defects affecting the destabilization of one of the stages of the process SMT (surface mount), which is the wave soldering, and by this determine which should be eliminated in the first place. A tool that has been used for this purpose was a logical decision trees. According to the results of the analysis in the first place should prevent the causes of the formation of solder bridges (machine failure), then-without regard to the order-of overheating the PCB and too low solder temperature (the same effects on the occurrence of errors), which are the result of poor machine settings and the occurrence of machine failure. Thanks to the possibility of using minimization of logical variables (cutting off the full beam) in practical terms, the elimination of identified defects, it is necessary to determine the corrective action regarding the causes of defects, namely the lack of solder. This approach meant that the error should not be the subject of corrective action performed. The indicating reason was responsible only for the occurrence of the lack of solder. The using of logical decision trees could help identify priorities for improvements to the wave soldering realized as part of a process of SMT assembly.

3

Application of logical decision trees and multiplicative multiple regression in simulation of importance rank of design and service parameters

Partyka M. A., Łuszczyna R.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 15, no 3

811-819

EN

The paper presents a detailed analysis of the importance rank of design and service parameters of machine systems. Exemplary nominal measuring data for an impeller-propeller pump were used for the presentation of the algorithm which integrates logical decision trees and the method of multiple regression analysis. Adequacy of the product value of the correlation coefficient RI of the multiplicative equation of multiple regression and the optimum decision logical tree for the given system of parameters are considered.