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1

Improved petrographic-coded model and its evaluation to determine a thermal conductivity log

Gegenhuber N., Kienler M.

Acta Geophysica

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2017

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Vol. 65, no. 1

103--118

EN

Thermal conductivity is one of the crucial properties for thermal modelling as well as tunnelling or geological modelling. Available data are mainly from laboratory measurements. Therefore, additional ways, such as correlations with other properties to derive the petrophysical parameter, will be an advantage. The research presented here continues and improves the petrographic-coded model concept with an increased set of data, including a variety of lithologies, and, furthermore, the correlations, including the electrical resistivity. Input parameters are no longer taken from the literature, but are derived directly from measurements. In addition, the results are compared with other published approaches. Results show good correlations with measured data. The comparison with the multi-linear regression method shows acceptable outcome, in contrast to a geometric-mean method, where data scatter. In summary, it can be said that the improved model delivers for both correlation (compressional wave velocity and electrical resistivity with thermal conductivity) positive results.

2

Application of multivariate statistical methods for characterizing heterolithic reservoirs based on wireline logs : example from the Carpathian Foredeep Basin (Middle Miocene, SE Poland)

Puskarczyk E., Jarzyna J., Porębski Sz.

Geological Quarterly

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2015

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Vol. 59, No. 1

157--168

EN

Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) were applied for well log data derived from heterolithic intervals drilled in two boreholes (Mrowla-1 and Cierpisz-2) in the Miocene fill of the Carpathian Foredeep. Both boreholes penetrated similar basement elevations conductive for structural trapping of hydrocarbons in an overlying thin-bedded heterolithic reservoir, which produces gas in commercial quantities in one borehole. The PCA was used to reduce data space preserving sufficient amounts of parameters for a differentiation between thin layers of sandstones and mudstones and between gas- and water-saturated horizons. In both boreholes, the number of logs was reduced to four significant principal components (PCs). Differences between gas-saturated and water-saturated layers were found. CA was used for the classification and grouping of data according to natural petrophysical features of the analysed rocks. The group corresponding to gas-saturated zones was found in the Cierpisz-2 borehole. It is concluded that PCA and CA can provide useful information for a more reliable identification of gas-saturated horizons.

3

World's largest wooden church in Kerimaki

Soikkeli A., Tervaoja J.

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2012

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Nr 32

122-126

PL

Kościół w Kerimaki jest największym drewnianym kościołem chrześcijańskim na świecie i ma najbardziej przestronne wnętrze w Finlandii. Kościół został zaprojektowany przez architekta A. F. Granstedta, a jego budowa zajęła trzy lata i została ukończona w 1847 roku. Udział parafian w procesie budowania kościoła był uzależniony od ich statusu majątkowego. Każdy mężczyzna w wieku od 15 do 60 lat był zobowiązany do pomocy przy budowie. Kościół Kerimaki ma 45 metrów długości, 42 metry szerokości i 27 metrów wysokości. Wysokość kopuły wynosi 37 metrów, a całkowita długość ławek to 1670 metrów. Przewidziano 3000 miejsc siedzących, a jeśli weźmie się pod uwagę również miejsca stojące to kościół może pomieścić 5000 osób. Budynek został zaprojektowany na planie krótko- ramiennego podwójnego krzyża. Kościół był cudem swojej epoki, ciesielskim arcydziełem z ozdobnymi ławkami, kolumnami, galeriami, belkami stropowymi, łukami, kopułami i latarniami. W pierwotnym zamierzeniu kościół miał być zbudowany z kamienia, ale z powodu wysokich kosztów materiału parafii pozwolono zbudować go z drewna. Niemniej, od zewnątrz kościół na różne sposoby imituje budynek kamienny. Jego ściany z bali zostały pokryte poziomymi deskami. Narożne pilastry imitują te stosowane w kościołach kamiennych, podobnie jak motyw czteroliścia wyrzeźbiony na fryzach, otaczających główne wejście i łukowe okna na wschodniej i zachodniej ścianie szczytowej. Szczególny nacisk w tej prezentacji został położony na unikatowy system konstrukcyjny i architekturę kościoła.

EN

The Kerimaki church is the world's largest wooden Christian church and it has the most spacious interior in Finland. The church was designed by architect A. F. Granstedt; its construction took three years and was completed in 1847. The parishioners had to take part in the building process according to their income bracket. Every man between the ages of 15 and 60 was obliged to participate in the building. The Kerimaki church is 45 metres long, 42 metres wide and 27 metres high. The height of the dome is 37 metres and there are altogether 1670 metres of pews. The seating capacity is for over 3000 people, but standing room included, the church can accommodate 5000 people. According to the floor plan it is a short-armed double cruciform church. The church is a miracle of its own time, a masterpiece of carpentry with its pews, columns, galleries, tie-beams, arches, domes and lanterns. The church was originally intended to be built of stone, but because of its high cost the parish was allowed to build the church using timber. However, the exterior of the church imitates a stone building in many ways. The log walls of the church were clad with horizontal boards. The corner pilasters imitate stone churches, and the friezes carved with a quatrefoil motif framing the main entrance and the arched windows in the east and west gables mimic stonework. The emphasis of this paper is on the unique construction system and architecture of the church.