Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Aerodynamic analysis of human walking, running and sprinting by numerical simulations

Forte Pedro, Sousa Nuno, Teixeira José, Marinho Daniel, Monteiro António, Bragada José, Morais Jorge, Barbosa Tiago

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2022

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Vol. 24, no. 3

3--11

EN

The drag in walking, running and sprinting locomotion can be assessed by analytical procedures and experimental techniques. However, assessing the drag variations by the above-mentioned types of locomotion were not found using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Thus, the aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to assess the aerodynamics of human walking, running and sprinting by CFD technique; 2) compare such aerodynamic characteristics between walking and running. Three 3D models were produced depicting the walking, running and sprinting locomotion techniques, converted to computer aided design models and meshed. The drag varied with locomotion type. Walking had the lowest drag, followed-up by running and then sprinting. At the same velocities, the drag was larger in walking than in running and increased with velocity. In conclusion, drag varied with locomotion type. Walking had the lowest drag, followed-up by running and then sprinting. At the same velocities, the drag was larger in walking than in running and increased with velocity.

2

The influence of a thoracolumbosacral orthosis on gait performance in healthy adults during walking

Van Criekinge T., Truijen S., Hallemans A., Saeys W.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

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Vol. 20, no. 4

15--21

EN

Since the thorax and pelvis are primary determinants of normal and pathological walking, it is important to know how gait performance is influenced when the trunk is constraint. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of a thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) on gait performance in healthy adults during overground walking. Methods: Fourteen healthy volunteers walked with and without TLSO. Outcome measures consisted of spatiotemporal parameters and clinically important joint angular time profiles of the lower limbs. Joint angular time profiles were assessed in the sagittal, frontal and transversal plane. A paired t-test was used for discrete parameters and spm1d for assessing the joint angular time profiles. Results: Walking with a constraint resulted in decreased stride time and step time, increased step width and cadence. In the sagittal plane, no significant differences were observed regarding joint kinematics in the hip, knee and ankle. In the frontal plane, decreased adduction during stance and abduction during swing was observed in the hip. In the transversal plane, increased external rotation of the hip and increased internal rotation of the ankle was seen when wearing a contstraint. Conclusions: Wearing a TLSO can already bring forth significant changes in gait performance, suggesting an important relationship between trunk movements and mobility.

3

Influence of an oblique path of staircase descent on toe placement and foot clearance

Gallagher K. M., Callaghan J. P.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2016

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Vol. 22, No. 4

580--586

EN

During their commute, pedestrians encounter a variety of staircase designs. One such design is the oblique staircase that allows pedestrians to descend at an angle. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of an oblique path of descent on heel and toe clearance, and toe placement on a step. Sixteen participants descended a staircase on an angled path at three angles: 0° (perpendicular), 25°, and 45°. Toe placement and foot clearances were compared between the descent angles and feet. An increase in descent angle demonstrated increased clearance of the heel apex compared with straight descent; however, the aspect of the foot closest to the stair changes in angled descent, moving from the apex to the side of the heel. A greater portion of the foot was placed on the stair tread during angled descent. Future work should address the influence of angled descent on fall risk.

4

Robot mobilny o zmiennym sposobie lokomocji - konstrukcja mechaniczna i elektroniczna

Seredyński D., Winiarski T., Banachowicz K., Walęcki M., Stefańczyk M., Majcher P.

Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka

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2013

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R. 17, nr 1

162-167

PL

W artykule przedstawiono opis konstrukcji mechanicznej oraz sterowników elektronicznych robota mobilnego o dwóch współosiowych kołach, mogącego poruszać się w dwóch trybach lokomocji: dynamicznie stabilnym oraz statycznie stabilnym. Robot może zmieniać tryb ruchu przez automatyczny manewr wstawania do pionu.

EN

The article describes mechanical and electronic design of mobile robot with two coaxial wheels, that can move in two modes of locomotion: dynamically stable and statically stable. The robot can switch between these two modes with automatic maneuver.

5

Optimization - based approach for motion planning of a robot walking on rough terrain

Belter D.

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2013

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Vol. 7, No. 4

34--41

EN

The paper presents a motion planning algorithm for a robot walking on rough terrain. The motion-planer is based on the improved RRT (Rapidly Exploring Random Tree)-Connect algorithm. The Particle Swarm Optimizati on (PSO) algorithm is proposed to solve a posture optimization problem. The steepest descent method is used to determine the postion of the robot's feet during the swing phase. The gradient descent method is used for smoothing the final path. The properties of the motion planning algorithm are presented in four cases: motion planning over a bump, concavity, step and rough terrain mocup. The maximal sizes of particular obstacle types traversable by the Messor robot with the new, optimized motion plan are given.

6

Ocena funkcjonalna wybranych ogólnodostępnych odbiorników GPS używanych w sporcie

Specht C., Szot T.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej

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2012

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R. 53 nr 1 (188)

131-148

PL

Producenci odbiorników GPS wychodząc naprzeciw oczekiwaniom sportowców oraz uczestników różnych rekreacyjnych form ruchu, proponują wiele łatwych w użyciu przenośnych urządzeń umożliwiających odbiór sygnałów nawigacji satelitarnej GPS. W artykule dokonano porównania charakterystyk technicznych oraz przedstawiono wyniki badań ośmiu urządzeń GPS wykorzystywanych w sporcie, w podziale na trzy grupy: odbiorniki dedykowane do dyscyplin sportowych, ogólnodostępne rejestratory oraz telefony komórkowe wykorzystujące pomiary GNSS. Ocenę dokładności wyznaczeń przeprowadzono w oparciu o badania dokładności powtarzalnej i przewidywanej na punkcie geodezyjnym POLREF 5501 w Rybinie. Jednocześnie zaprezentowano uwagi autorów dotyczące przydatności urządzeń GPS w monitorowaniu lokomocji człowieka. Wyniki pomiarów stanowią pierwszy etap prac badawczych, których celem jest ocena przydatności zróżnicowanych technik pomiarowych GNSS w badaniu lokomocji w sporcie.

EN

Producers of GPS receivers nowadays offer many easy to use, mobile units for amateur and professional sportsmen. The article compares technical aspects of different GPS devices and presents the results of tests of eight GPS sport-receivers. The selected GNSS units were divided into groups: dedicated to sports, dataloggers and implemented in mobile phones. The tests were carried out using repeatable and predictable accuracy measurements done on the geodetic network point located in Rybina (POLREF 5501). The geodetic coordinates were transformed in Gauss-Kruger projection to conformal x, y coordinates and statistical distributions were calculated. The article also presents a discussion on other, important in the functional point of view, GPS receiver characteristics, used by sportsmen.

7

Changes of kinematic gait parameters due to pregnancy

Forczek W., Staszkiewicz R.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2012

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Vol. 14, no. 4

113-119

EN

When a woman becomes pregnant her body undergoes tremendous changes hormonally and anatomically. Our survey revealed very little literature on biomechanics of gait in gravidas and lack of consensus among scientists in pregnancy-related mechanisms of body adaptation. That is why the authors felt encouraged to determine the effect of pregnancy on the biomechanical pattern of walking. To investigate alterations in natural locomotion, we used a 3D motion-analysis system Vicon. The inclusion criteria aimed at selecting only healthy subjects (n = 13). Each woman participated in 3 sessions: before pregnancy, during the last trimester of gestation and, finally, half year after delivery. For the purpose of this study, selected kinematic parameters for pregnant and non-pregnant conditions were compared. Gravid women performed lower velocity of their gait and lower frequency of steps. The length of their step decreased in comparison to pre pregnancy state. The results did not reveal any changes in the range of motion of the ankle, knee and hip in different physiological conditions. However, we observed increased base of support and double support phase in gravidas comparing to non pregnant states (by about 10%). This finding indicates that there is a tendency to maximize safety in gait during pregnancy.

8

Evaluation of the kinematic parameters of normal-paced gait in subjects with gonarthrosis and the influence of gonarthrosis on the function of the ankle joint and hip joint

Ogrodzka K., Niedźwiedzki T., Chwała W.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2011

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Vol. 13, no. 3

47-54

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the variability of parameters characterising the gait of persons suffering from degenerative changes of the knee joint and their influence on the ankle and hip joints. The values of the angular changes in the knee, ankle and hip joints in the three planes of motion were assessed. Locomotion tests were performed on 27 persons, aged between 60 and 74, using Vicon 250, the three-dimensional analysis system. The sharpest deviations from the results of the control group were revealed in the transverse and frontal planes. Degenerative knee joint disease has changed the gait stereotype causing a reduction in the economy of gonarthrosis patients’ locomotion, the influence of the disease on the function of the neighbouring joints is also distinctly marked.

9

Analysis of the plantar pressure distribution in children with foot deformities

Pauk J., Daunoraviciene K., Ihnatouski M., Griskevicius J., Raso J. V.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2010

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Vol. 12, no. 1

29-34

EN

This paper describes the method of measuring and assessing the pressure distribution under typical feet and the feet of patients with deformities such as: planovalgus, clubfoot, and pes planus using a pedobarograph. Foot pressure distribution was measured during static and walking at individual normal walking speed. Time-series pressure measurements for all sensors were grouped into five anatomical areas of human foot. In typical subjects, the heel was the first part of the foot receiving the loading of the body. Then it moved to the toe through the midfoot and the metatarsal area. The highest mean pressure in typical subjects was found under the heel and the metatarsal heads. The lowest pressure distribution was under the cuboid bone. In the planovalgus subjects, a higher pressure distribution was found under cuboid bone compared to typical one. In the pes cavus subjects, the pressure distribution was lower under all parts of foot. In the clubfoot subjects, the pressure distribution, the contact area of each mask, and the time of foot contact area in left and right foot are respectively different.

10

Wózek inwalidzki jako niezbędne oprzyrządowanie dla osób niepełnosprawnych

Paprocka-Borowicz M., Kuciel-Lewandowska J., Kierzek A., Pozowski A.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2009

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Vol. 15, nr 3

193-195

PL

Nowoczesne metody rehabilitacji nie zastąpią adaptacji pacjenta do wózka inwalidzkiego oraz nauki poruszania się na nim. Wózek inwalidzki stanowi podstawę lokomocji dla osób ze znacznym uszkodzeniem rdzenia oraz dla pacjentów paraplegików z nie-wielkimi niedowładami, ale obciążonych współistniejącymi chorobami układu krążenia i oddechowego. Istotny element stanowi wyposażenie pacjenta w odpowiedni wózek i poduszkę przeciwodleżynową. Wszystkie działania mają na celu przeciwstawienie się statycznemu trybowi życia osoby po urazie rdzenia kręgowego, zwiększenie niezależności funkcjonalnej, poprawienie jakości życia i profilaktykę powikłań medycznych.

EN

The modern methods can not replace the adaptation of a patient toa wheel chair and education on its operation. The wheel chair is still the basis of locomotion for people with considerable spinal cord damage, as well as for patients-paraplegics with small paresis, but who are loaded with co-existing illnesses of circulatory and respiratory systems. The essential element in rehabilitation is patient's equipment and ortopedic supports, such as: a wheel chair and anti-decubitus ulcers pillows. The aim of all of these activities is to prevent the static lifestyle of paraplegics, to improve the quality of life and to prevent medical complications.

11

Contribution of plantar pressure to the prevention and quantification of the muscle-skeletal injury risk in hiking trails - a pilot study

Gabriel R., Monteiro M., Moreira H., Maia M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2008

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Vol. 10, nr 3

51-54

EN

Hiking trails have been growing in popularity in the health and well-being promotion. Consequently, the foot became an object of study in order to understand the discomfort and pain in the lower limb. The aims of the work were: 1) to detect tendencies for behaviour of maximum values of plantar pressure (MaxP) during the walk on different slopes, 2) to contribute to the methodology of the difficulty level of hiking trails. Equations show strong tendencies (R2 > 0.8) of behaviour of MaxP in the lateral zones of the heel, 4th and 5th metatarsus as well as in the plantar zone of the hallux. The analysis of the difficulty level of the hiking trails branches deserves a separate presentation, including the technical difficulty analysis (with a compulsory emphasis on the biomechanics) and information on the caloric consumption and on the slopes of each branch.

12

Peripheral and central afferent input to the lumbar cord

Minassian K., Persy I., Rattay F., Dimitrijevic M.R.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2005

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Vol. 25, no. 3

11-29

EN

It has been previously demonstrated that epidural stimulation of the posterior lumbar cord can activate the Lumbar Locomotor Pattern Generator (LLPG) and induce stepping-like movements in complete spinal cord injured subjects. In these studies, the subjects were lying in a supine position and afferent feedback input from the lower limbs was minimized. The present paper demonstrates the interaction between induced LLPG activity and manually assisted treadmill stepping in paralyzed subjects. Epidural stimulation applied at frequencies of 20-50 Hz during treadmill-stepping enhanced the responsiveness of the spinal circuits to proprioceptive feedback in generating stepping-like motor patterns. We suggest that the spinal lumbar networks can integrate and interpret both, the stimulus-evoked tonic input with a "central" code and the proprioceptive feedback input in order to generate effective loco motor patterns.

13

Dysfunction of locomotion after resection of the meniscus based on three-demensional motion analysis

Ogrodzka K., Chwała W., Ambroży T.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2005

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Vol. 7, nr 1

97-102

EN

The three-dimensional analysis of the locomotion was carried out in a patient after resection of the medial meniscus in the left knee joint, using Vicon system. Examinations were performed two times. On the basis of the first examination an intensive three-month physiotherapy was planned and carried out. Angular changes of lower limb joints and changes of length of the selected muscles were taken into consideration.