Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Effects of the COVID-19 travel restrictions on metropolises mobility: empirical evidence from the Tri-City metropolis (Poland)

Grzelec Krzysztof, Hebel Katarzyna, Okraszewska Romanika, Wyszomirski Olgierd

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG

|

2023

|

nr 26(1)

52--68

EN

This paper aims to assess changes in mobility and modal shift caused by COVID-19 travel restrictions among the residents of Gdańsk Bay Metropolis (Poland). Measurement’s moments were assumed in periods differing in the level of restrictions. The computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) was carried out in November and December 2020. The results did not confirm the expected modal shift. However, significant changes in the number of trips between periods were observed. Restrictions in the first period of the pandemic resulted in a greater decrease in mobility than the restrictions at the end of the year. Moreover, significant associations were found between transport behaviour and place of residence. Nevertheless, possible negative changes in the modal split after the pandemic ends should be counteracted by improving the quality of public transport services. As the most important attributes of public transport attracting passengers after the pandemic respondents recognized: high frequency of vehicles, low cost of travel, not overcrowded vehicles. However, some residents declared they will not use public transport regardless of service improvements. Consequently, to meet the objectives of sustainable mobility policy, it can be necessary to increase the share in the modal split of other sustainable modes of travel.

2

Effect of COVID 19 pandemic restrictions on air pollution at a local scale in urban areas affected by high intensity vehicle traffic in Poland

Górka Kostrubiec Beata, Dudzisz Katarzyna

Acta Geophysica

|

2023

|

Vol. 71, no. 2

1085--1097

EN

The lockdown in 2020 implemented due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in a significant improvement in air quality at a global scale. Nationwide lockdown also considerably improved air quality at a local scale, especially in cities which were almost completely shut down during the first coronavirus wave, with nearly no activity. We tested the hypothesis that a reduction in the intensity of vehicle traffic causes a drastic decrease in urban air pollution at a local scale. We focused on two urban agglomerations, Warsaw and Cracow, in Poland. Data of the concentrations of traffic-related sources, namely NOx, PM10, and PM2.5, obtained from two air pollution monitoring stations were analyzed for the years 2020 and 2021, during which lockdown and pandemic restrictions were in effect, and for 2019, as a reference. In the years 2020–2021, the average annual concentration of NOx was decreased by ~19%, PM2.5 by~19%, and PM10 by~18% in Warsaw, while in Cracow the average annual concentration of NOx was decreased by~16%, PM2.5 by~22%, and PM10 by~2%, compared to 2019. The contribution from traffic-related sources to the overall level of air pollution was estimated. The results indicated that~30 µg/ m3 of PM10,~15 µg/m3 of PM2.5, and ~120 µg/m3 of NOx in Cracow, and ~20 µg/m3 of PM2.5 in Warsaw originate from moving vehicles. The nationwide lockdown allowed us to conduct this study to understand how a reduction in local traffic emissions can decrease ambient air pollution levels.

3

Developers' behavior during the pandemic in the cities of Poland, case study

Kaczmarek Jakub

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz

|

2022

|

Z. 10

175--187

EN

The article is an attempt to show how the coronavirus pandemic has had and continues to affect the development market. As is well known, at the beginning of March 2020, Poland recorded the first case of COVID-19 infection. From that time until July 2021, the authorities announced several economic closures - lockdowns in Poland. This mainly concerned trade and services. Initially, the situation related to COVID-19 on the housing market was also uncertain. Developers have suspended some construction works, some have not started at all. This was due to several factors, including new requirements set by banks for borrowers, uncertainty of investors - future apartment buyers, and the unstable situation of other industries. For this reason, this article analyzes the reactions of the primary market to the subsequent restrictions and the epidemic situation. The analysis of developers' behavior, changes in the prices of building materials and changes in the prices of construction services was undertaken. The research results will be based on data from five cities in Poland.

PL

Artykuł jest próbą pokazania, jak pandemia koronawirusa miała i nadal wpływa na rynek deweloperski. Jak wiadomo, na początku marca 2020 r. w Polsce odnotowano pierwszy przypadek zakażenia COVID-19. Od tego czasu aż do lipca 2021 r. władze ogłosiły kilka zamknięć gospodarczych, w Polsce. Dotyczyło to głównie handlu i usług. Początkowo niepewna była również sytuacja związana z COVID-19 na rynku mieszkaniowym. Deweloperzy wstrzymali część prac budowlanych, część w ogóle się nie rozpoczęła. Było to spowodowane kilkoma czynnikami, m.in. nowymi wymaganiami stawianymi przez banki kredytobiorcom, niepewnością inwestorów - przyszłych nabywców mieszkań oraz niestabilną sytuacją innych branż. Z tego powodu niniejszy artykuł analizuje reakcje rynku pierwotnego na kolejne ograniczenia i sytuację epidemiczną. Podjęto analizę zachowań deweloperów, zmian cen materiałów budowlanych oraz zmian cen usług budowlanych. Przedstawione wyniki badań będą oparte na danych z pięciu miast w Polsce.

4

Home Office: working and studying spaces in residential interiors during and after forced social isolation

Bonenberg Agata, Lucchini Marco

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

|

2022

|

nr 39

98--109

EN

The influence of global lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted the lives of many people. Once performed elsewhere, many activities had to be moved to private spaces of individual homes, influencing how people use their residential space, modifying their living and working conditions. The purpose of this study was to research the changes in the use of residential space through questionnaires addressed to respondents in five age groups (up to 25, 26–35, 36–50, 51–65, and over 65), and living or studying in the Milan area (Lombardy)—an area affected severely by COVID-19 in the period March–May 2020. The obtained questionnaire results allowed the authors to create a set of guidelines for apartment design, intended to improve their spatial performance. The observations made when creating the case study projects led to two main conclusions: First, at the level of the house plan, the arrangement of the plan should be free and adaptable, al-lowing for fast alteration by the user. Second, the project should be tailor-made, highly specialized, and purposefully designed at the level of home office design, including appropriate furnishings, technical appliances, and lighting systems.

5

Lockdown effect on carbon monoxide concentration over Malaysia and Indonesia

Wan Kamarudin Wan Farahiyah, Irwan Zildawarni, Yaafar Mohd Rabani, Mat Amin Abd Rahman

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

|

2022

|

Vol. 31, No. 2

124--134

EN

An increase in Indonesian forest fires has infuriated Malaysia and Indonesia, where residents are inhaling smoke from peat and trees burned hundreds of miles away. The global COVID-19 lockdowns caused carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreased seen over Malaysia and Indonesia regions. The main objective of this study is to investigate the CO distribution over Malaysia and Indonesia, within the period of January 2011 to December 2021. The impact of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 to CO concentration over Malaysia and Indonesia also was reviewed. This study utilizes MERRA-2 dataset provided by Giovanni interface. Five areas were found to be affected the most during the study period which is Kuala Lumpur, Jambi, Riau, Palembang, and Jakarta. Carbon monoxide concentration over the studied region exhibits a strong seasonality showing maximum value in dry season (July to October). September 2019 is found to have the highest trend of CO concentration affected Jambi region. As COVID-19 pandemic hit the whole world by end of year 2019, all the studied regions shown the decreasing trend after September 2019 and no high peak was observed during dry season (July to October) in 2020 and 2021. This is the combined effect of wetter dry season and an impact of lockdown implemented by government of Malaysia and Indonesia.

6

Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na obciążenie polskiego systemu elektroenergetycznego oraz potencjał wykorzystania usługi DSR

Stahl Wiktoria

Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

|

2021

|

Nr 73

47--51

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wpływ restrykcji w funkcjonowaniu przemysłu, handlu i życia społecznego na obciążenie KSE podczas pierwszego lockdownu. W celu zbadania wpływu pandemii na obciążenie KSE dokonano analizy porównawczej dwóch analogicznych okresów trwających od połowy marca do końca maja w latach 2017 - 2019 i 2020. Porównano wartości charakteryzujące poszczególne tygodnie rozpatrywanego okresu. W roku 2020 zaobserwowano znaczne obniżenie się wartości szczytowych. O zmianach w popycie na moc świadczy także sposób narastania obciążenia w okresie szczytu popołudniowego. W roku 2020 zmiany są bardziej gwałtowne. W artykule zaproponowano także wykorzystanie usługi DSR (ścinania szczytów) w celu zmniejszenia gradientu narastania obciążenia w szczycie popołudniowym.

EN

The article presents the impact of first lockdown on the Polish Power System loads. A comparative analysis of two analogous periods lasting from March to May 2017 - 2019 and 2020 was carried out. The values characterizing individual weeks of the analyzed period were compared. In 2020, a decrease in peaks was observed. The changes in power demand are also shown by the gradient of load increasing during the afternoon peak. In 2020, changes are more rapid. The article also proposes the use of the DSR method (peak clipping) to reduce the load gradient in the afternoon peak.

7

Rok 2020 okiem ekspertów branży produkcyjnej

Świat Obrabiarek i Narzędzi

|

2021

|

R. 16, nr 1

18

8

Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na zużycie gazu ziemnego przez odbiorców komercyjnych w wybranym mieście w Polsce

Cieślik Tomasz, Narloch Piotr, Kogut Krzysztof, Szurlej Adam

Rynek Energii

|

2021

|

Nr 3

3--10

PL

W marcu 2020 roku na skutek światowej pandemii koronawirusa wprowadzono lockdown, który przyczynił się do zmian w strukturze zużycia gazu. Zmniejszyło się zużycie w przemyśle i energetyce, natomiast wzrosło w gospodarstwach domowych. Również zauważalny był spadek zużycia gazu u odbiorców komercyjnych. Na podstawie zgromadzonych danych takich jak: temperatura, prędkość wiatru, czas trwania zjawisk atmosferycznych oraz wykorzystane informacje dotyczące warunków atmosferycznych w dniach poprzednich, zaprojektowano modele do prognozowania zużycia gazu przez odbiorców komercyjnych (hotele, restauracje, firmy) oraz wyznaczono najlepszy model do określenia wpływu lockdownu na zużycie gazu przez ww. odbiorców przy wykorzystaniu MAPE (ang. Mean Absolute Percentage Error - średniego bezwzględnego błędu procentowego).

EN

In March 2020, as a result of the global coronavirus pandemic, lockdown measures were introduced leading to changes in gas consumption patterns. While consumption in industry and power generation decreased, it increased in households. A decrease in gas consumption by commercial customers was also observed. The data collected, such as temperature, wind speed, duration of weather phenomena, and information on weather conditions on the preceding days, led to the design of models to forecast gas consumption by commercial users (hotels, restaurants, businesses) and to the identification of the best model to determine the impact of lockdown on gas consumption by those customers, through the use of Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE).

9

Home office spaces for smart work. Impact of Covid-19 lockdown on arrangements of residential Interiors

Bonenberg Agata, Lucchini Marco

Przestrzeń i Forma

|

2021

|

nr 48

9--30

EN

The Covid-19 pandemic has encouraged a shift to smart-working both for companies as well as their employees. Work-related activities once performed in dedicated offices had to be moved to private spaces of individual homes, severely influencing how people use their residential space. Living and working conditions have been modified and the balance between them – interrupted. In this paper the authors present a study of the changes in the use of residential space based on questionnaires addressed to respondents in five age groups (up to 25, 26-35, 36-50, 51-65, more than 65), and living or studying in and around Milan (Lombardy), an area affected severely by Covid-19 between March and May 2020. The obtained questionnaire results have allowed the authors to create a set of apartment design requirements, which improve the performance of space. Research has led to a model-case study apartment.

PL

Pandemia Covid-19 zmusiła do przejścia w tryb pracy zdalnej rzesze pracowników. Czynności dotychczas wykonywane w przeznaczonych do tego biurach, zostały przeniesione do prywatnych przestrzeni indywidualnych domów, co wpłynęło na sposób, w jaki ludzie wykorzystują przestrzeń mieszkalną. Warunki życia i pracy uległy zmianie, a dotychczasowa równowaga między nimi – zaburzeniu. W niniejszej pracy autorzy przedstawiają badania zmian zachodzących w użytkowaniu przestrzeni mieszkalnej na podstawie ankiet skierowanych do respondentów w pięciu grupach wiekowych (do 25 lat, 26-35 lat, 36-50 lat, 51-65 lat, powyżej 65 lat), mieszkających lub uczących się w Mediolanie (Lombardia) i jego okolicach, na obszarach silnie dotkniętych przez Covid-19 w okresie od marca do maja 2020 roku. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły autorom na opracowanie zestawu wymogów dotyczących projektowania mieszkań, uwzględniając domową przestrzeń biurową. Badania doprowadziły do realizacji modelowego mieszkania.

10

Considerations in the use of work-from-home (WFH) for post-pandemic planning and management

Manko Barbara A.

Management

|

2021

|

Vol. 25, no. 1

118--140

EN

After widespread use of work-from-home (a.k.a. ‘remote work’) during the COVID-19 pandemic, many organizations intend to continue or expand its use into the future. This paper presents a literature review and results from an original survey, both of which point to key considerations for planners and managers. Subjects that are highlighted include: giving remote workers access to job-related information they need; recognizing that certain types of tasks may be more challenging to manage in WFH, such as loosely specified tasks and those involving substantial change or newness; and issues that arise in regard to morale and motivation.

11

Wstęp redaktora naukowego wydania

Kurek Justyna

Wiedza Obronna

|

2020

|

nr 3

5--8

12

COVID-19 lockdown in Poland – changes in regional and local mobility patterns based on Google Maps data

Tarkowski Maciej, Puzdrakiewicz Krystian, Jaczewska Joanna, Połom Marcin

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG

|

2020

|

nr 23(2) spec.

46--55

EN

As no effective treatment or vaccine have yet been developed, the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-Cov-2 is to introduce social distancing measures. Scientific discussion regarding their actual effectiveness and socio-economic consequences has only just begun. Both declining mobility and changes in mobility patterns are obvious effects of social distancing. The main objective of this article is to present spatial diversity of changes in regional and local mobility in Poland with the use of data gathered and provided by Google LCC. As for the regional dimension, the mobility has declined steadily in most of the analysed areas. The regional changes were more visible only in the case of the following categories of areas: grocery & pharmacy and parks. The initial correlation analysis has shown that distribution of those changes more or less reflects spatial voting patterns. Both historical and cultural factors may explain such results, including ingrained habits, collective attitudes towards politics and group values. In the local context, illustrated by the analysis of changes in travel time from housing areas in Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot to the business and science centre in Gdańsk-Oliwa, a noticeable yet spatially diversified decrease in drive time (by private car) has been observed. The most significant reduction in travel time was recorded in peripheral areas accessible by high-speed roads which are normally jammed during peak hours. The mobility constraints have led to highly reduced traffic congestion, and consequently, shortened the travel time.

13

The process of consumption and natural gas prices in european countries in the aspect of the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic

Chrulski Tomasz

Polityka Energetyczna

|

2020

|

T. 23, z. 3

71--92

EN

As is well known, gas consumption and its prices depends on many factors including local factors, geopolitics, the development of the gas transport infrastructure (including liquefied natural gas), distribution and extraction costs – for example unconventional deposits (e.g. shale gas). The global gas market depends primarily on the economic relations between large gas producers and importers e.g. US-China, Middle East/US – Russia etc. (Olayele 2015). In individual countries, the price is also dependent on concluded contracts and delivery directions. Also it should be mentioned that the gas consumption depends on weather conditions, type of day of the year (holiday, business day, month) and economic situation (Kosowski et. al 2010). What impact has the appearance of the COVID-19 epidemic had on the European natural gas market? The analyzed research problem concerned, in particular, two areas: gas consumption and its prices, in selected European countries in the aspect of the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic with reference to historical data from 2016–2019. Seven European countries belonging to the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas (ENTSOG) were selected, for which the highest inland consumption of natural gas by country was observed in the last year. The countries are presented in order or consumption: Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Poland. The data has been downloaded from transmission system operators (TSOs) for each of these countries. Furthermore the article showed information about the dates of governments restrictions (lockdown), LNG contract volumes, injection/withdrawal volumes (storage).

PL

Jak wiadomo, zużycie gazu i jego ceny zależą od wielu czynników, w tym czynników lokalnych, geopolitycznych, rozwoju infrastruktury gazowej (w tym LNG), kosztów dystrybucji i wydobycia – np. ze złóż niekonwencjonalnych (np. gaz z łupków). Globalny rynek gazu zależy przede wszystkim od relacji gospodarczych między dużymi producentami gazu a importerami, np. USA–Chiny, Bliski Wschód / USA – Rosja itp. W poszczególnych krajach cena uzależniona jest również od zawartych umów i kierunków dostaw. Należy również wspomnieć, że zużycie gazu jest uzależnione od warunków pogodowych, typu dnia w roku (święto, dzień roboczy, miesiąc) oraz sytuacji gospodarczej. Jaki wpływ na europejski rynek gazu ziemnego ma zupełnie bezprecedensowa sytuacja – pojawienie się epidemii COVID-19? Analizowany problem badawczy dotyczył w szczególności dwóch obszarów: zużycia gazu i jego cen w wybranych krajach europejskich w aspekcie rozprzestrzeniania się epidemii COVID-19 w odniesieniu do danych historycznych z lat 2016–2019. Wytypowano siedem krajów europejskich należących do Europejskiej Sieci Operatorów Systemów Przesyłowych Gazu (ENTSOG), w przypadku których w ostatnim roku zaobserwowano najwyższe krajowe zużycie gazu ziemnego. W odpowiedniej kolejności są to: Niemcy, Wielka Brytania, Włochy, Francja, Holandia, Hiszpania, Polska. Dane zostały pobrane od operatorów systemów przesyłowych (OSP) dla każdego z tych krajów. Ponadto artykuł przedstawił informacje o terminach wprowadzonych ograniczeń rządowych (restrykcje), wolumenach kontraktów LNG, wielkościach zatłaczania / odbioru do podziemnych magazynów gazu.

14

Emocje i motywacja, czyli jak sobie radzić w nowej normalności, cz. 1

Kowalski Zbigniew

Optyka

|

2020

|

Nr 5

24--25

PL

Nowa normalność to zwrot, który na dobre zagościł w naszym języku codziennym. Zwróćmy uwagę, że jest on także bardzo wygodny, bo niby opisujemy najbliższą przyszłość, ale przy okazji nie musimy silić się na jej przewidywanie, rozumienie czy też przepowiadanie. W takich sytuacjach jak ulał pasuje powiedzenie Nielsa Bohra, duńskiego fizyka i filozofa, żyjącego na przełomie XIX i XX wieku. Otóż powiedział on, że: Przewidywanie jest bardzo trudne, szczególnie jeśli idzie o przyszłość.

15

Branżowy crème de la crème– echa eLOGISTICS LIVE 2020 jeszcze z nami!

Kawa Arkadiusz, Świątek Joanna, Paprocki Wojciech, Cudziło Marta, Majewski Wiesław, Dembecka Dobiesława

Logistyka

|

2020

|

nr 4

62--65

PL

Innowacja, transformacja i współdzielenie to trzy hasła przewodnie, które przyświecały eLOGISTICS LIVE 2020 – konferencji w 100% poprowadzonej online. Przez 14 poprzednich edycji jej „starszy brat” – kongres LOGISTICS – był organizowany wyłącznie w formule stacjonarnej. W tym roku po raz pierwszy konferencja została zaaranżowana w nowej, wirtualnej rzeczywistości. I to od razu z olbrzymim sukcesem!

16

COVID-19: A spectio-temporal analysis of air quality status in coking coalfields of India due to nationwide lockdown in India

Singh Amarjeet, Singh Gurdeep

Journal of Sustainable Mining

|

2020

|

Vol. 19, iss. 4

243--253

EN

A novel infectious corona virus disease (COVID-19) was identified in the month of December 2019. It has now been announced as a worldwide pandemic by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 pandemic has positive impacts on the environmental pollutants. In present work, Coalfield areas of Jharia Coalfields (JCF), India have been taken as a case study to evaluate the effect of the lockdown on air quality at 10 locations. This study had been selected to estimate the reduction in concentration of pollutants likePM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NOx during 3 Seasons (summer, Post-Monsoon and winter season) in the year 2019 in comparison to the concentration during the lockdown period i.e. from April 2020 to June 2020. The study areas selected was as fire affected and non-fire affected areas of Jharia Coalfield to identify the contribution of pollutants in the mining area to establish the baseline concentration of Business as usual (BAU) vs. the lockdown condition. The average reduction in concentration of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx was observed as 18%, 14%, 22% and 26% respectively during the lockdown period in comparison with the annual average concentration. As observed, the AQI value at the selected monitoring sites in JCF was 1.5 times higher in comparison to the lockdown period. This study will provide the confidence to the regulatory body for strict implementation of the applicable air quality standard/policies in the mining areas. The study will also provide confidence to the regulatory body in making emission control strategies for improvement of environmental conditions and human health.