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Automatic human face recognition using modular neural networks

El-Bakry H. M.

Machine Graphics and Vision

2001

Vol. 10, No. 1

47-73

In this paper, a fast biometric system for personal identification through face recognition is introduced. In the detection phase, a fast algorithm for face detection is combined with cooperative modular neural networks (MNNs) to enhance the performance of the detection process. A simple design for cooperative modular neural networks is described to solve this problem by dividing the data into three groups. Furthermore, a new faster face detection approach is presented through image decomposition into many sub-images and applying cross correlation in frequency domain between each sub-image and the weights of the hidden layer. For the recognition phase, a new concept for rotation invariant based on Fourier descriptors and neural networks is presented. Although, the magnitude of the Fourier descriptors is translation invariant, there is no need for scaling or translation invariance. This is because the face sub-image (20 x 20 pixels) is segmented from the whole image during the detection process. The feature extraction algorithm based on Fourier descriptors is modified to reduce the number of neurons is the hidden layer. The second stage extracts wavelet coefficients of the resulted Fourier descriptors before application to neural network. The final vector is fed to a neural net for face classification. Moreover, a modified hierarchy soft decision tree of neural networks is introduced for face recignition. Compared with previous results, the proposed algorithm shown good performance on recognizing human faces with glass, bread, rotation, scaling, occlusion, noise, or change in illumination. Also, the response time is reduced.