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Analysis of the Thermal Behaviour of CL-20, Potassium Perchlorate, Lithium Perchlorate and Their Admixtures by DSC and TG

Zhang J.-J., Guo X.-J., Jiao Q.-J., Zhang H.-L., Li H.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

2018

Vol. 15, no. 1

115--130

The thermal decomposition characteristics of CL-20, potassium perchlorate (KP), lithium perchlorate (LP), a CL-20/KP mixture, and a CL-20/LP mixture were studied using thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). The DSC curves for KP exhibited three endothermic peaks and one exothermic peak. The first two endothermic peaks correspond to the rhombic-cubic transition and the fusion of KP, respectively, the third indicates the fusion of KCl, while the exothermic peak is attributed to the decomposition of KP. The DSC curves obtained from LP showed four endothermic peaks and one exothermic peak. The first two endothermic peaks indicate the loss of adsorbed water and water of crystallization, while the third and fourth are associated with the fusion of LP and LiCl, respectively; the exothermic peak is due to the decomposition of LP. The presence of KP had little effect on the thermal decomposition of CL-20 while the addition of LP increased the temperature at which CL-20 exhibits an exothermic peak. In addition, the thermal decomposition of LP appeared to be catalyzed by the presence of CL-20.

Simulation of ion transport through poly(ethylene oxide) loaded with lithium perchlorate

Munn R. W., Eilmes A., Scarle S., Sterzel M.

Materials Science Poland

2009

Vol. 27, No. 3

637--647

A hierarchical approach is used to simulate lithium ion motion through poly(ethylene oxide) loaded with lithium perchlorate, alone and with a tungsten oxide (WO3) interface to model an electrochromic smart window assembly. The structure of the polymer is simulated using commercial software. Relaxation of the polymer is allowed on a lattice on which the lithium ions move as a lattice gas. Polarization and van der Waals energy changes are calculated for an added lithium ion at each lattice point. The structure and energy are also calculated in the presence of the WO3 interface. Ion transport is simulated in a kinetic Monte Carlo method, with and without an electric field. During runs at 300 K without the WO3 interface, with a field the lithium ions move 35 A along it and 3-7 A across it but without a field they move 2-5 A; these distances vary with temperature as expected for activated hopping. Ions explore their immediate neighbourhood, occasionally jumping to an adjacent neighbourhood along, across or sometimes against the field, thus circumventing regions where transport is hindered. With the WO3, the lithium ions tend to accumulate at the interface, producing a repulsive potential that reduces ion movement.