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Blast Wave Parameters of Liquid Esters of Nitric Acid: Propane-1,2,3-triyl Trinitrate, Propane-1,2-diyl Dinitrate, Ethane-1,2-diyl Dinitrate and Methyl Nitrate

Pachman J., Selesovsky J., Künzel M., Matyas R., Kubat K., Anastacio A. C., Kučera J.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2017

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Vol. 14, no. 2

375--390

EN

A knowledge of blast wave parameters generated by detonating explosives is important for the evaluation of protective measures, modelling validation and post blast analysis. The relevant data are available for solid military explosives, but not for liquid or homemade explosives. In this contribution we present comparison of experimental incident blast wave parameters for bare charges, weighing from 100 g to 1 kg, of liquid esters of nitric acid, including propane-1,2,3-triyl trinitrate (NG), propane-1,2-diyl dinitrate (PGDN), ethane-1,2-diyl dinitrate (EGDN) and methyl nitrate (MeN), amongst themselves and with TNT charges of approximately the same size. The TNT equivalents, determined from both the incident overpressures and the impulse of the positive phase of the blast wave, were above 100% and showed relatively high scatter. The strongest blast wave parameters under otherwise identical conditions were observed for charges of methyl nitrate.

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Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate (EGDN): from Commercial Precursors, Physicochemical and Detonation Characterization

Fettaka H., Lefebvre M.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2015

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Vol. 12, no. 2

287--305

EN

Currently, liquid explosives pose a potential threat. An important phase in the assessment of this threat is to investigate the various synthesis paths leading to their manufacture and to evaluate the potential use of readily purchasable precursors. The aim of this work was to assess the synthesis of Ethylene Glycol Dinitrate (EGDN), a liquid nitrate ester explosive, using commercially available precursors. The characteristics of the synthetic process (ease, yield), the chemical properties of the synthesized product (purity, spectra) and its explosive properties (sensitivities, detonability) were investigated. Comparisons are drawn between these products and the product obtained using laboratory ingredients. Three ingredients have been used: 1) ethylene glycol, laboratory grade, 2) ready to use, commercial coolant fluid, and 3) ethylene glycol extracted from commercial coolant fluid. The chemical composition and purity of the synthesized liquid explosive was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) analysis allowed the heat of decomposition and activation energies to be assessed. The Ozawa and Kissinger models were used. The explosive properties of the pure synthesized products and comparable other explosives, have been tested. The potential use as a priming charge or as a main charge was assessed.

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Explosive Characteristics and Shaped Charge Applications of Nitromethane (NM): A Review

Shekhar H.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2012

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Vol. 9, nr 1

87-97

EN

Nitromethane (NM or CH3NO2 ) has a wide range of applications as a detonating homogeneous liquid explosive. Although, its use as a liquid propellant is more pronounced, the determination and characterization of NM and its mixtures for their various detonation properties has gained in importance. Various researchers have performed initiation studies of NM by shock and jet, and the presence of a superdetonation zone has also been debated. The opacity or otherwise of the reaction and detonation zones has been investigated experimentally. Sensitization or dilution of NM by various additives and the effect on the detonation behavior has also been investigated. In recent times, the use of NM as a field-filled homogeneous filling in shaped charges for the disposal of unexploded ordnance has gained in importance. The experimental observations and related theoretical aspects for the use of NM as a filling for shaped charges are illustrated in this article. Overall, NM can be thought suitable as a viable future alternative for both commercial and military applications.