Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Wpływ parametrów fal progresywnych na możliwość upłynnienia podłoża gruntowego

Kazimierowicz-Frankowska Krystyna, Kulczykowski Marek, Smyczyński Marcin, Majewski Dawid

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

|

2023

|

R. 79, nr 5-6

257--260

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań doświadczalnych przeprowadzonych w celu określenia wpływu okresu fal progresywnych na wartości ciśnienia wody wygenerowanego w porach gruntu podłoża i na możliwość jego upłynnienia. Wykonano badania z falami o stałej wysokości 0,1 m, przy pięciu różnych okresach zmieniających się w zakresie od 0,9 do 1,7 s. Upłynnienie gruntu odnotowano, gdy okres działania fal był większy lub równy 1,3 s. Stwierdzono, że w badaniach, w których wystąpiło upłynnienie podłoża, charakter jakościowy przebiegu zmienności ciśnienia wody w porach w czasie był jednakowy, natomiast ilościowo zmieniał się wraz ze zmianą parametrów ruchu falowego.

EN

The paper presents results of experimental studies carried out in order to determine the influence of the period of progressive waves on the values of pore pressures in the subsoil and on the possibility of its liquefaction. Tests were performed with waves of a constant height of 0.1 m and with five different periods varying from 0.9 to 1.7 s. Soil liquefaction was noted for waves with higher periods, respectively: 1.3; 1.5 and 1.7 s. The same qualitative character of the pore pressures variability over time was noted for all cases when liquefaction occurred, but quantitatively it changed with the change of wave motion parameters.

2

Ocena podatności gruntu sypkiego na upłynnienie w warunkach trójosiowego ściskania pod wpływem małych naprężeń

Mierczyński Jacek, Smyczyński Marcin, Kazimierowicz-Frankowska Krystyna

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

|

2023

|

R. 79, nr 5-6

272--275

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań w aparacie trójosiowego ściskania wykonanych na próbkach nawodnionego gruntu niespoistego w warunkach bez odpływu wody z porów. Badano reakcję gruntu na obciążenie cykliczne w zakresie małych naprężeń. Wykonanie tych badań wymagało opracowania opisanej w artykule autorskiej procedury rozszerzającej możliwości pomiarowe standardowego aparatu trójosiowego. Poprawność jej działania zweryfikowano w trakcie wykonanych eksperymentów, określając liczbę cykli obciążeń niezbędnych do upłynnienia próbek gruntu.

EN

The results of tests in the triaxial apparatus performed on samples of non-cohesive soil in undrained conditions are presented. The response of soil to cyclic loading at low stress levels was studied. Performing these tests required the development of a bespoke procedure extending the measurement capabilities of a standard triaxial apparatus, which is described in the article. Its correctness was verified during the experiments, while determining the number of load cycles necessary to liquefy the soil samples.

3

Record of Late Neogene seismites in turbidite deposits of the Tafna Basin (NW Algeria)

Benzina Mostapha, Pisarska-Jamroży Małgorzata, Hebib Hakim

Geological Quarterly

|

2023

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Vol. 67, No. 3

art. no. 25

EN

The wide variety of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) developed within deposits of the same age may hinder the interpretation of their origin. Some types of SSDS may appear similar though have different trigger mechanisms, while others may result from a specific mechanism. Furthermore, the development of particular SSDS may be influenced by several synchronous or semi-synchronous factors. This study deals with the recognition of SSDS trigger mechanisms with respect to lithological and deformational features of the deposits concerned. Turbidite deposits of late Neogene age in the Hadjret El Gat area (Tafna Basin) contain different types of SSDS associated with (1) slope processes (e.g., slump folds) and induced overburden pressure, coupled with broken beds and overloading structures, and (2) liquefaction and fluidisation phenomena, leading to the development of load structures, ball-and-pillow structures, water-escape structures and syndepositional faults. These two mechanisms of SSDS formation in the study area are thought to result from seismically-induced triggers. Recognition of a vertically-repeated, sandwich-like arrangement of deformed and undeformed layers along with the SSDS features ("trapped" within beds) suggests that these internally-deformed beds are seismites, the first recognized in the Tafna Basin of NW Algeria. Large earthquakes may trigger seismic waves energetic enough to deform strata and induce the development of SSDS. This hypothesis is supported here by tectonic evidence, given deposition of the Tafna Basin strata in the convergence zone between Africa and Eurasia, active since the late Neogene.

4

Probabilistic Liquefaction Analysis Using Standard Penetration Test

Kamel Filali, Badreddine Sbartai

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

|

2022

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Vol. 44, nr 2

162--174

EN

The Youd etal liquefaction resistance curves developed in 2001 to characterize the cyclic resistance of soil based on SPT test are the most used in the context of the Seed and Idriss simplified procedure as a deterministic model. These curves were developed from a modified database of Seed etal. in 1985 with the assumption that the actual peak shear stress (τd) induced at depth h is always less than that predicted by the simplified procedure (τr) of Seed and Idriss (rd= τd/τr<1). By using a suite of equivalent linear site response analyses to adjust the dynamic and the simplified shear stress at depth h, Filali and Sbartai showed in 2017 that the dynamic peak shear stress for some earthquakes is greater than the simplified peak shear stress (rd>1). As in this case, the assumption of the simplified procedure is not verified, Filali and Sbartai have proposed a corrector factor (RC) in the range where rd>1 to adjust the deformable and rigid body. In this paper, we will present a probabilistic study for the evaluation of the liquefaction potential using a database based on SPT measurement compiled after the Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake, in which the cyclic stress ratio is evaluated using the proposed corrector factor. The objective of this study is to present a probabilistic shape of the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) curves based on the original simplified method of Seed and Idriss and the corrected version and a new formulation for computing the probability of liquefaction.

5

Mapy struktur przepływu dwufazowego w procesie skraplania, cz.1 – przegląd literatury

Sikora Małgorzata, Bohdal Tadeusz, Formela Karolina

Chłodnictwo : organ Naczelnej Organizacji Technicznej

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2022

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R. 57, nr 3

21--28

PL

Mapy struktur przepływu pozwalają na łatwą identyfikację rodzaju przepływu dwufazowego bez wglądu do wnętrza kanału. Znajomość struktury przepływu pozwala na optymalizację parametrów pracy parowników i skraplaczy chłodniczych. Jest to związane z faktem, że pewne struktury intensyfikują wymianę ciepła, a inne ją hamują. Podobnie jest z oporami przepływu, co jest bezpośrednio związane z energochłonnością układu chłodniczego lub klimatyzacyjnego. W części pierwszej artykułu zaprezentowano przegląd literatury dotyczący konstrukcji map struktur przepływu dwufazowego nieadiabatycznego. Przedstawiono najważniejsze mapy zarówno dla procesu skraplania w kanałach konwencjonalnych, jak i minikanałach. W części drugiej opisano wyniki badań własnych struktur przepływu dwufazowego podczas skraplania w minikanałach.

EN

Flow structure maps allow to easily identify the type of two-phase flow without looking inside the channel. The knowledge of the flow structure allows for optimizing the operating parameters of evaporators and refrigeration condensers. This is because some structures intensify heat transfer, while others inhibit it. It is similar to the flow resistance, which is directly related to the energy consumption of the refrigeration or air-conditioning system. The first part of the article presents a literature review on the construction of maps of nonadiabatic two-phase flow structures. The most important maps for the condensation process in conventional and mini-channels are presented. The second part describes the results of our studies of two-phase flow structures during condensation in mini-channels.

6

Particleboards with partially liquefied bark of different particle sizes

Jiang Wen, Adamopoulos Stergios, Petrič Marko, Šernek Milan, Medved Sergej

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2021

|

vol. 64, nr 207

43--57

EN

This paper presents a novel method of partially liquefying bark sawmilling waste for use in making particleboards. Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) bark of different particle sizes (fine, medium, coarse, and mixed) was partially liquefied in the presence of ethylene glycol as a solvent and sulphuric acid as a catalyst at 180°C for 30 minutes. Single-layer particleboards were prepared by mixing partially liquefied bark (PLB) and wood chips at a ratio of 0.25 with no adhesives (group A) and at ratios of 0.25 or 0.1 with melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) adhesives for additional bonding (groups B and C respectively). Mechanical and physical properties of the particleboards were tested according to European standards. The results showed that the boards in group A had lower densities, inferior mechanical properties and higher moisture content than those in groups B and C. Bark particle size had a significant effect on the mechanical properties of particleboards within each group. Additional MUF bonding and avoidance of coarse bark particles had a positive effect on mechanical properties. The thickness swelling (TS) and water absorption (WA) values of MUF-bonded boards were lower than those of boards without MUF, and greater addition of PLB produced particleboards with better water resistance. Bark particle size was not as critical for TS and WA as for mechanical properties. The overall results suggested using a bark particle size of < 2 mm for further studies.

7

Co-seismic and post-seismic deformation, field observations and fault model of the 30 October 2020 Mw = 7.0 Samos earthquake, Aegean Sea

Ganas Athanassios, Elias Panagiotis, Briole Pierre, Valkaniotis Sotiris, Escartin Javier, Tsironi Varvara, Karasante Ilektra, Kosma Chrysanthi

Acta Geophysica

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2021

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Vol. 69, no. 3

999--1024

EN

On 30 October 2020, a large Mw = 7.0 earthquake occurred north of the island of Samos, Greece. Here we present the characteristics of the seismic fault (location, geometry, geodetic moment) as inferred from the processing of geodetic data (InSAR and GNSS). We use the InSAR displacement data from Sentinel-1 interferograms (ascending orbit 29 and descending 36) and the GNSS offsets from fourteen (14) stations in Greece and Turkey to invert for the fault parameters. Our inversion modelling indicates the activation of a normal fault offshore Samos with a length of 40 km, width of 15 km, average slip of 1.7 m, a moderate dip-angle (37°) and with a dip-direction towards North. The inferred fault is located immediately north of, and adjacent to Samos with the top of the slip ~ 0.6 km below surface, and ~ 1 km offshore at its closest to the island. Near the fault, the earthquake caused the permanent uplift of the island up to 10 cm with the exception of a coastal strip along part of the northern shore that subsided 2–6 cm. The co-seismic horizontal motion of GNSS station SAMO was 35.6 cm towards south and 3 cm towards west. A post-seismic signal (22–33% of the co-seismic on the vertical component) was observed at GNSS stations SAMO and SAMU, with a time constant of 30 days. The effects of the earthquake included liquefaction, rock falls, rock slides, road cracks and deep-seated landslides, all due to the strong ground motion and associated down-slope mobilization of soil cover and loose sediments.

8

Jak dobierać parametry obiegu chłodniczego?

Kamecki Piotr

Technika Chłodnicza i Klimatyzacyjna

|

2020

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nr 1-2

25--26

PL

Wydaje się, że temat jest banalnie prosty, że użytkownicy mają odpowiednią wiedzę, aby swoje instalacje chłodnicze prowadzić optymalnie z niskim zużyciem energii. Jednak jeśli przyjrzymy się jak naprawdę one pracują to nieraz musimy przyznać, że do optymalnych warunków jest jeszcze bardzo daleko. Autor od kilkunastu lat zajmuje się m. in. działalnością szkoleniową i swoje wnioski wysnuwa także z rozmów z kursantami, którzy stosunkowo często po raz pierwszy słyszą jak dobierać parametry pracy swoich sprężarek. Warto zauważyć, że prawidłowe parametry muszą być określone już na etapie projektowania instalacji.

EN

At the first glance the question is very simple and it seems that the users have enough knowledge to operate their refrigerating plants with a low energy consumption. But in fact the working parameters are very often far from the optimal values. The author presents his conclusions based on his long training activity and questions of the participants. It is worth to notice that correct working parameters of any refrigeration system have to be determined already in the designing process.

9

Sea transportation of coal liable to liquefaction

Popek M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2019

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Vol. 13. no. 4

803--807

EN

The marine industry is a vital link in the international trade, with vessels representing the most efficient, and often the only method of transporting large volumes of raw materials. Coal is a major cargo with hundreds of millions of tons being shipped every year for power consumption and industrial uses. The vast majority of coal traded is delivered by sea. The IMSBC Code specifies requirements related to the safe stowage and shipment of coal that may give rise to relevant on-board risks, for example structural damage due to improper coal distribution, chemical reaction leading to spontaneous combustion, emission of explosive gases and liquefaction. As coal is liable to liquefaction, several precautions should be taken before accepting the cargo for shipment and procedures for safe loading and carriage should be respected. According to the analysis of the data, the proportion of fines in the cargoes shipped worldwide has been accepted as an appropriate criterion to identify the potential of a coal cargo for liquefaction. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of coal properties on the ability to liquefy. The relation between the degree of fragmentation and the value of the TML was analyzed. In addition, the possibility of using different method for determination of the TML was discussed.

10

Comparison of SPT and Vs-based Liquefaction Analyses: A Case Study in Erciş (Van, Turkey)

Akkaya I., Özvan A., Akin M., Akin M. K., Övün U.

Acta Geophysica

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2018

|

Vol. 66, no. 1

21--38

EN

Liquefaction which is one of the most destructive ground deformations occurs during an earthquake in saturated or partially saturated silty and sandy soils, which may cause serious damages such as settlement and tilting of structures due to shear strength loss of soils. Standard (SPT) and cone (CPT) penetration tests as well as the shear wave velocity (Vs)-based methods are commonly used for the determination of liquefaction potential. In this research, it was aimed to compare the SPT and Vs-based liquefaction analysis methods by generating different earthquake scenarios. Accordingly, the Erciş residential area, which was mostly affected by the 2011 Van earthquake (Mw = 7.1), was chosen as the model site. Erciş (Van, Turkey) and its surroundings settle on an alluvial plain which consists of silty and sandy layers with shallow groundwater level. Moreover, Çaldıran, Erciş–Kocapınar and Van Fault Zones are the major seismic sources of the region which have a significant potential of producing large magnitude earthquakes. After liquefaction assessments, the liquefaction potential in the western part of the region and in the coastal regions nearby the Lake Van is found to be higher than the other locations. Thus, it can be stated that the soil tightness and groundwater level dominantly control the liquefaction potential. In addition, the lateral spreading and sand boiling spots observed after the 23rd October 2011 Van earthquake overlap the scenario boundaries predicted in this study. Eventually, the use of Vs-based liquefaction analysis in collaboration with the SPT results is quite advantageous to assess the rate of liquefaction in a specific area.

11

The Transport Stability of Flotation Metal Ore Concentrates which are Liable to Liquefaction

Popek M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2017

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nr 101

33--42

EN

Safety of maritime transport of fine-grained materials, e.g. metal ore concentrates depends on the ability to control the properties of these cargoes. The dynamic situation, caused by vibration and pressure of layers of cargo during sea transport, makes it change its physical properties, porosity, bulk density, degree of compaction and mechanical properties, for example shear strength. The new properties of the cargo result in that there is a risk of its movement, as a consequence of the phenomenon of the liquefaction. In the present study were analysed and evaluated parameters that determine the ability to liquefaction of flotation metal ore concentrates characterized by different way of sourcing, chemical composition and fragmentation.

PL

Bezpieczeństwo transportu morskiego materiałów drobnocząstkowych, np. koncentratów rud metali, zależy od możliwości kontroli właściwości tych ładunków. Dynamiczna sytuacja, wywołana wibracjami i naciskiem warstw ładunku podczas transportu morskiego powoduje, że zmieniają się jego właściwości fizyczne, porowatość, gęstość objętościowa, stopień zagęszczania oraz właściwości mechaniczne, np. wytrzymałość na ścinanie. Nowe właściwości ładunku powodują, że pojawia się zagrożenie jego przemieszczania się, będące wynikiem zjawiska upłynniania. Na skutek przesuwania się nadmiernie zawilgoconego i rozdrobnionego koncentratu, wywołanego upłynnianiem, może nastąpić obniżenie lub utrata stateczności statku. Istnieje zatem konieczność prowadzenia ciągłych badań nad poprawą jakości ładunków masowych i bezpieczeństwa ich transportu morskiego. W prezentowanej pracy przeanalizowano i oceniono parametry decydujące o zdolności do upłynniania koncentratów flotacyjnych rud metali, charakteryzujących się różnym sposobem pozyskiwania, składem chemicznym oraz rozdrobnieniem.

12

Response of Partially Saturated Non-cohesive Soils

Świdziński W., Mierczyński J., Mikos A.

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

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2017

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Vol. 64, nr 3-4

187--207

EN

This paper analyses and discusses experimental results of undrained triaxial tests. The tests were performed on non-cohesive partially saturated soil samples subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading. The tests were aimed at determining the influence of saturation degree on soil’s undrained response (shear strength, excess pore pressure generation). The saturation of samples was monitored by checking Skempton’s parameter B. Additionally, seismic P-wave velocity measurements were carried out on samples characterized by various degrees of saturation. The tests clearly showed that liquefaction may also take place in non-cohesive soils that are not fully saturated and that the liquefaction potential of such soils strongly depends on the B parameter.

13

Technical Note: Liquefaction mechanism induced by dynamic excitation modeled in Plaxis AE with the use of UBC and Mohr–Coulomb constitutive relationships

Borowiec A., Stanuszek M.

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

|

2016

|

Vol. 38, nr 1

123--133

EN

Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) is commonly used in modern design of the various types of structures. There are two main issues/aspects that should be consider while using CAE in Geotechnics: the basic theory and material model. The paper deals with a problem of choosing the proper constitutive relationships which according to the authors are equally important in obtaining correct and reasonable results. This problem is illustrated by an example of dynamic calculations of fully saturated non-cohesive soils where liquefaction phenomenon is most likely to occur.

14

Ground liquefaction and deformation analysis of breakwater structures under earthquakes

Zhao J., Wang Y., Yun G., Ashraf M. A.

Polish Maritime Research

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2016

|

S 1

109--114

EN

Ground liquefaction and deformation is one of the important causes that damage engineering structures. Chinese current code for seismic design of breakwater is based on the single-level seismic design method as well as code for port and water-way engineering. However, this code can not exactly reflect the seismic performance of breakwater structures which experience different seismic intensities. In this paper, the author used a finite difference software, namely, FLAC3D, to analyze the state and compute seismic responses of breakwater structure. The breakwater foundation’s pore pressure ratio and displacement due to different earthquake have been studied. And the result show that: Smaller earthquakes have little influence on serviceability of the foundation, and severe earthquakes can liquefy some parts of the foundation; In the latter case , obvious changes of pores and foundation displaces can be found. Particularly, when seismic peak acceleration reachs 0.2g, Liquefaction appears in the foundation and mainly concentrated in the upper right side of the structure. In addition, the survey of ultra-hole pressure and displacement values of sand layers of the breakwater, manifests when the ultra pore pressure near 1.0, displacement and overturning structure is relatively large, resulting in varying degrees of damage to the structure. This paper’s research can provide theoretical and designable reference for similar engineering structures.

15

Modelling of Post-flotation Tailings Liquefaction Induced by Paraseismic Events

Świdziński W.

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

|

2016

|

Vol. 63, nr 2-3

215--233

EN

This paper presents and discusses the results of numerical modelling of pore water pressure build-up in post-flotation saturated tailings deposited at the Tailings Storage Facility “Żelazny Most”, caused by seismic-induced dynamic loading. Numerical simulations were based on the compaction/liquefaction model proposed by A. Sawicki. The model parameters were determined in the laboratory for tailings sampled at the TSF “Żelazny Most”. The sensitivity of the numerical model was verified in a series of numerical tests for various horizontal acceleration amplitudes. In the main calculations, an accelerogram recorded during a real paraseimic event was assumed. The results obtained show that, with the current seismic activity near the TSF “Żelazny Most”, some pore water pressure is generated within the saturated tailings layer, but it does not trigger the liquefaction phenomenon.

16

Mechanical Properties of Granular Soils: Triaxial versus Plane Strain Investigations

Sawicki A., Sławińska J., Mierczyński J., Smyczyński M.

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

|

2016

|

Vol. 63, nr 2-3

135--156

EN

The paper compares the pre-failure behavior of granular soils investigated in the classical triaxial apparatus and in the true triaxial apparatus, under plane strain conditions. Both experiments are described within the framework of an incremental model of the pre-failure behavior of sands. The methods of tensor algebra are used to compare theoretical predictions with experimental results. The analysis presented deals with the pre-failure deformations of fully drained sand, aswell as with its undrained behavior, including static liquefaction and the specific behavior of an initially dilative soil. Some key questions of soil mechanics are discussed, for instance, whether soil parameters determined from one configuration, such as triaxial conditions, can be applied in other cases.

17

Theoretical analysis of model seabed behavior under water wave excitation

Sawicki A., Mierczyński J., Smyczyński M.

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

|

2015

|

Vol. 37, nr 2

33--37

EN

Theoretical analysis of the behavior of a model seabed subjected to water wave excitation is presented. The experiments were performed in the wave flume at the Danish Technological University in Lyngby. Such experiments are unique in engineering sciences and therefore provide unique empirical data for testing various models of the seabed. A controversial explanation of the experiments is presented in the literature. The goal of this research was to study pore pressure changes caused by water waves and the subsequent liquefaction of the seabed. The authors of the present contribution offer their own theoretical explanation of the wave flume experiments and discuss errors found in the literature cited. The analysis is based on the classical soil mechanics, including the Biot type approach.

18

Liquefaction of saturated soil and the diffusion equation

Sawicki A., Sławińska J.

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

|

2015

|

Vol. 37, nr 2

39--44

EN

The paper deals with the diffusion equation for pore water pressures with the source term, which is widely promoted in the marine engineering literature. It is shown that such an equation cannot be derived in a consistent way from the mass balance and the Darcy law. The shortcomings of the artificial source term are pointed out, including inconsistencies with experimental data. It is concluded that liquefaction and the preceding process of pore pressure generation and the weakening of the soil skeleton should be described by constitutive equations within the well-known framework of applied mechanics. Relevant references are provided.

19

Uwagi dotyczące metod skraplania gazu ziemnego w przemyśle wydobywczym

Herdzik J.

Logistyka

|

2015

|

nr 3

1808-1814, CD 1

PL

Firmą dominującą na rynku skraplania gazu ziemnego jest APCI. Udział wydajności instalacji projektowanych i zbudowanych przez APCI przekracza 80%. Pojawiła się konkurencja, która może dokonać wielu zmian. Przedstawiono liczbę instalacji poszczególnych firm i realizowane procesy skraplania. W zbudowanych instalacjach stosuje się kilka zróżnicowanych procesów skraplania gazu ziemnego. Wskazano na ich nazwy techniczne oraz przedstawiono schematy ideowe konfiguracji procesów. Dominują procesy, w których po oczyszczeniu gazu ziemnego schładza się go wstępnie z użyciem skroplonego propanu PR lub mieszanin z propanem MR. Nowobudowane instalacje charakteryzują się coraz większą wydajnością, z modyfikacją procesów skraplania, w celu dostosowania ich do warunków miejsca instalacji. Ważnym aspektem są możliwości dalszej pracy instalacji na obciążeniach częściowych, w tym z uszkodzeniem części instalacji i koniecznością jej wyłączenia. Stosuje się najczęściej co najmniej dwie niezależne gałęzie procesu skraplania. Wzrost zapotrzebowania na LNG przyczyni się do rozwoju rynku skroplonego gazu ziemnego, co następnie musi spowodować rozwój technologiczny procesów skraplania.

EN

APCI is the dominant firm on the market of earth gas liquefaction processes. The contribution of capacity of built and designed installations by APCI is on the level of 80%. Competition is occurred, it may be the reasons of many changes. It was submitted the number of installations of each firms and realized types of liquefaction processes. A few diversified processes of earth gas liquefying are in use in built installations (trains). It was indicated the technical trade-marks and the schemes of configurations of liquefaction processes. The processes (after the earth gas preliminary cleaning) of gas pre-cooling by using propane PR or propane mixtures MR are dominated. The new built installations characterize still increased capacity, modifications of liquefying processes in aim to readjust to the place of installation. The possibilities of subsequent work the liquefying installations on partially loads is the important aspect, especially during failure of installation part and the necessity of its shut-down. It applies most often as a minimum two independent trains of liquefying process. The increase for LNG demand will be the reason for earth gas liquefaction market growth and as a result ought to cause the development of liquefying processes production technology.

20

Liquefaction Resistance of a Granular Soil Containing Some Admixtures of Fines

Sawicki A., Mierczyński J., Mikos A., Sławińska J.

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

|

2015

|

Vol. 62, nr 1-2

53--64

EN

The paper deals with the mechanics of sand with some admixtures of fines. The basic question is whether such admixtures are liquefiable or not. Experimental results show that admixtures of fines do not essentially influence the liquefaction susceptibility of granular soils. The original experimental investigations support this conclusion.