Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Spektrometria mas w badaniach skażeń mikrobiologicznych środowiska. Część 2, Kwasy 3-hydroksytłuszczowe jako biomarkery lipopolisacharydów (endotoksyn) ścian komórkowych bakterii gramujemnych

Bal K., Mielniczuk Z.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

|

2016

|

[Z] 70, 1-2

95--117

EN

Microorganisms synthesize several monomeric chemical structures that are not found elsewhere in nature, e.g. muramic acid (an amino sugar) and D-amino acids (D-alanine and D-glutamic acid) are ubiquitous in bacterial peptidoglycan (PG). Characteristic sugars (e.g. heptoses) and 3-hydroxylated fatty acids are found in the endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) of gram-negative bacteria [1]. The best way to protect against environment contamination is microbial control. Methods in current use for monitoring microorganisms mainly include culture and direct microscopy. However, several factors, including samples collection, growth conditions, incubation temperature and interaction between different organisms all affected the culture results. Additionally, culture based methods can detect only viable organisms and they are also time consuming, sometimes taking days or weeks. However, since both living and dead microorganisms express irritating and toxic structures, they should all be taken into consideration. Muramic acid has been suggested for use as a chemical marker in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) determination of bacterial peptidoglycan [2]. While 3-hydroxylated fatty acids are the best proposition for use as a chemical markers in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) of gram-negative bacteria in both clinical and environmental samples [38]. Two derivatives have been applied, including the trimethylsilyl (TMS) and pentafluorobenzoyl (PFBO) derivatives [80]. Both derivatives (TMS and PFBO) have been proven suitable for use with GC-ion-trap tandem MS [3]. The aim of our proposition is trial of application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method as an alternative or complement to culturing, microscopy and other assays for detection, characterization and monitoring of microbial contamination of environment (e.g. water, air, air-conditioning systems), contamination of biochemical and food production chain processes, packaging for foodstuffs etc. by analysis of bacterial 3-hydroxylated fatty acids as a biochemical markers. A method is described for the quantitation of methyl esters of 3-hydroxyacids, markers of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin), as trimethylsilyl or pentafluorobenzoyl derivatives using GC/MS method. The described methods are quick and simple, can be applied for monitoring microbial contamination directly, without prior culturing, in complex environmental samples. This method can be also applied for testing processes of cleaning and disinfections on packaging materials or on both packaging materials/foodstuffs in order to decrease their microbial load and thus to ensure better shelf-life. [1] Z. Mielniczuk, K. Bal, Spektrometria mas w badaniach skażeń mikrobiologicznych środowiska. Część I. Kwas muraminowy jako biomarker ścian komórkowych bakterii, Wiad. Chem., 2012, 66, 445. [2] K. Bal, L. Larsson, E. Mielniczuk, Z. Mielniczuk, Structure of muramic acid TMS derivative mass spectrum’s base ion (m/z=185) used for quantification of bacterial peptidoglycan, J. Microbiol. Meth., 2002, 48, 267. [3] A. Saraf, L. Larsson, Identification of microorganisms by mass spectrometry, Advances in Mass Spectrometry, 1998, 14, 449. [38] Z. Mielniczuk, E. Mielniczuk, L. Larsson, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for analysis of 2- and 3-hydroxylated fatty acids: Application for endotoxin measurement, J. Microbiol. Meth., 1993, 17, 91. [80] Z. Mielniczuk, S. Alugupalli, E. Mielniczuk, L. Larsson, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of lipopolysaccharide 3-hydroxy fatty acids: comparison of pentafluorobenzoyl and trimethylsilyl methyl ester derivatives, J. Chromatogr., 1992, 623, 115.

2

Lipopolisacharyd bakteryjny jako obiekt najnowszych badań nad endotoksemią

Futoma-Kołoch B., Godlewska U., Pędlowski M.

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

|

2014

|

nr 7-8

37--41

PL

Lipopolisacharyd (LPS) jest antygenem powierzchniowym występującym u bakterii Gram-ujemnych. Działanie LPS na organizm ludzki często rozpatrywane jest w kontekście sepsy, którą cechuje nadmierna odpowiedź zapalna w odpowiedzi na obecność endotoksyny. Niniejsze opracowanie zawiera najnowsze informacje o wpływie LPS na przebieg reakcji z udziałem białek sygnałowych w komórkach odpornościowych oraz o aktualnie prowadzonych badaniach klinicznych, w których uwzględnia się działanie prozapalne LPS. Podano także przykłady pochodnych LPS, stosowanych jako składniki szczepionek przeciwbakteryjnych, a także przykłady leków zapewniających ochronę w endotoksemii.

EN

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a surface antigen present in Gramnegative bacteria. LPS action on the human body is often considered in the context of sepsis, which is characterized by excessive inflammatory response in the presence of endotoxin. This study shows the latest information about the effects of LPS on the course of cellular reactions involving signaling proteins and the ongoing clinical trials, in which pro-inflammatory effects of the LPS is taking into account. Moreover, in this paper LPS derivatives are used as components of antibacterial vaccines, as well as drugs, which provide protection in endotoxemia are described.

3

Korzystne i szkodliwe aspekty interakcji gospodarz – mikroorganizm

Rudnicka K, Sadowska B, Fol M, Długońska H, Rudnicka W, Różalska B, Różalski A, Chmiela M

LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania

|

2013

|

R. 18, nr 4

40--48

4

Sepsa - zagrożenia, etiologia i terapia

Futoma-Kołoch B.

Laboratorium - Przegląd Ogólnopolski

|

2008

|

nr 12

36--39

PL

Sepsa (posocznica) jest uogólnioną reakcją organizmu na zakażenia bakteryjne, grzybicze lub wirusowe. Może wystąpić u osób w każdym wieku, zupełnie zdrowych, jak i cierpiących na choroby przewlekłe. Czynnikami ryzyka zwiększającymi zapadalność na posocznicę są zabiegi operacyjne, wiek, oparzenia, urazy, leczenie sterydami, lekami immunosupresyjnymi oraz współistniejące choroby przewlekłe. Zakażenia przybierające postać sepsy są najczęściej wywoływane przez bakterie Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae i Haemophilus influenzae.

EN

Sepsis is a general body reaction to bacterial, mycotic or viral infections. No matter the age, sepsis can affect all people, both young and old, healthy or suffering from chronic diseases. Operations, age, burns, injuries, steroidal and immunosuppressive therapies and coexisting chronic diseases increase the Iikelihood of the incidence rate of sepsis. lnfections which take on the form of sepsis are often caused by bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

5

The Structure of the O-Specific Polysaccharide of the Lipopolysaccharide from Acinetobacter Strain 44 (DNA Group 3)

Vinogradov E., Brade L., Brade H., Holst O.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

|

2005

|

Vol. 79 / nr 2

267-273

EN

Extraction of dry bacteria of Acinetobacter strain 44 (DNA group 3) by phenol/water gave a polymer that was identified by means of serological studies as S-form lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mild acetic acid hydrolysis degraded the O-specific polysaccharide, thus, its structure was investigated by compositional analyses andNMRspectroscopy after de-O-acylation and Smith degradation of the LPS. The structure of the O-specific polysaccharides was 3)-alfa-L-Rhap-(1_2)-alfa-L-Rhap-(1--3)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1--3)-alfa-L-Rhap-(1-- 2 _ 1 alfa-L-Rhap-(1--4)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1--2)-alfa-L-Rhap After immunization of BALB/c mice with Acinetobacter strain 44, monoclonal antibody S48-26 (IgG3 isotype) was obtained which reacted in Western blot with this LPS and characterized it as S-form.

6

Repeating Unit Structure of Enterobacter sakazakii ZORB A 741 O-Polysaccharide

Szafranek J., Czerwicka M., Kumirska J., Paszkiewicz M., Łojkowska E.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

|

2005

|

Vol. 79 / nr 2

287-295

EN

The O-specific polysaccharide from Enterobacter sakazakii cell was isolated and structurally characterized. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was obtained from cell mass by hot phenol- water extraction procedure. Mild acid hydrolysis followed by gel filtration provided pure O-antigen (OPS). Two-stage sugar analysis detected tyvelose, rhamnose and galactose in the molar ratio of 1:1:2, and their linkages were established by means of methylation analysis. Sugar configurations, D or L, were determined by gas-liquid chromatography on an achiral liquid phase for (S)-(+)-2-butyl glycosides. D configuration was determined for galactose and 3,6-dideoxy-mannose (tyvelose), but L for rhamnose. Repeating unit structure was deduced by analysis of 1H and 13C NMR spectra. 1H and 13C NMR resonances have been assigned by homonuclear (COSY, TOCSY) and heteronuclear (HSQC, HMBC) correlations spectra. Anomeric configurations were determined from anomeric proton chemical shifts and 3JH1-H2 and JC-H coupling constants. Sugar sequences were established from comparisons of specific carbon chemical shifts with those in literature, two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), and heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation experiments (HMBC). The repeating unit structure of Enterobacter sakazakii was found to be as: alfa-Tyvp _2 _3)-alfa-L-Rhap-(1--3)-alfa-D-Galp-(1_3)-alfa-D-Galp-(1_ _6 O-Ac

7

Struktura chemiczna, swoistość antygenowa i znaczenie w chorobotwórczości lipopolisacharydu (LPS, endotoksyna) na przykładzie bakterii Proteus vulgaris

Różalski A., Torzewska A., Bartodziejska B., Babicka D., Kwil I., Perepelov A.V., Kondakova A.N., Senchenkova S.N., Knirel Y., Vinogradov Evgeny V.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

|

2002

|

[Z] 56, 7-8

585-604

EN

Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Proteus from the family Enterobacteriaceae are opportunistic pathogens, which cause mainly wounds and urinary tract infections (UTI), the latter leading to severe complications, such as acute or chronic pyelonephrithis and formation of bladder and kidney stones. Virulence factors and properties of Proteus sp. mediating infectious process are swarming phenomenon, adherence due to the fimbriae or glycocalyx, flagella, invasiveness, urease, amino acids deaminases, proteases, hemolysins, capsular polysaccharide (CPS), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS is an integral component of cell wall of bacteria. It also represents the endotoxin which, after being released from bacterial cells, causes a broad spectrum of pathological effects leading in severe cases to the septic shock. Lipopolysaccharide consists of three parts - O- specific chain (O-antigen), core and lipid A; all of them have been studied in Proteus LPS. It has been documented that Proteus is an antigenically heterogeneous genus, principally because of structural differences in its O-specific polysaccharide chain of LPS. The serological classification of P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris shares 60 serogroups : 22 described for P. vulgaris, 33 characteristic for P. mirabilis and 5 common for both P. mirabilis and P. vulgaris. Serological classification of Proteus penneri still remains to be completed. Proteus O-antigens are branched or linear polysaccharides, built up of oligosaccharide repeating units, varying from a trisaccharide to a hexasaccharide. Acidic O-specific polysaccharides represent the majority of Proteus O-antigens; it was found that 80% of Proteus O-antigens were acidic. Uronic acids and amino sugars usually determine the serological specificity of Proteus O-antigens. Amino sugars in Proteus O-antigens are usually N-acetylated. In many O-antigens, sugars constituents carry an O-acetyl groups. Hexuronic acids either have free carboxyl group or are amidated with the a-amino group of amino acids - lysine, serine, alanine or threonine. Chemical and serological studies have been undertaken with the aim to understand on the molecular level the immunospecificity of Proteus LPS and its potential role during infection of bacteria. The O-antigens and O-antisera against Proteus with defined epitope specificity can be used for serodiagnosis and epidemiological studies. It was found that O-specific polysaccharide Proteus bacteria is involved in creation of glycocalyx which allows bacteria to grow in microcolony or in biofilm. Biofilm protects bacteria against action of antimicrobial agents and leukocytes, and it is also a organic gel-like surrounding contributing to stone formation. LPS from the S form of bacteria, containing all three regions also contributes to their resistance against bactericidal action of serum. The present review is mainly focused on the structure, specificity and biological function of Proteus vulgaris LPS.