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1

Efficiency evaluation of the bottom ash flotation collector by removed saturated fatty acids from soybean oil

Kim Minsik, Park Jongmyung, Kang Heonchan, Jeong Dohyun

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 1

126--137

EN

Unburned carbon flotation is performed to investigate the separation efficiency of the collector containing poly unsaturated fatty acid on the bottom ash. The results of an experiment using soybean oil collector (S.O. collector) show the high recovery and enrichment ratio at the dosage of 9 kg/ton. In order to investigate the collector efficiency on poly unsaturated fatty acids, a collector is manufactured using the esterification reaction. Unsaturated fatty acid oil collector (U.F.O. collector) is manufactured in which removed saturated fatty acids and increased content of poly unsaturated fatty acid from the S.O. collector. The U.F.O. collector is showed high separation efficiency at 7 kg/ton. The U.F.O. collector concentrates the unburned carbon content of the concentrate and improves the recovery with a low dosage than the S.O. collector. By removing saturated fatty acids and increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids, this investigation provides that 1) the dosage of a collector can be reduced up to 2 kg/ton difference, and 2) the poly unsaturated fatty acids shows the best performance for adsorption properties on the unburned carbon surface.

2

Possibility of Using Golden Shower (Cassia Fistula) and Poinciana (Delonix regia) Seeds Oil as Non-Conventional Feedstocks for the Production of Biodiesel in Egypt

Algharib Ahmed Mohamed, Abd El Hakim Ahmed Fawzy, El-Khamissi Haitham Ahmed, El-Hamamsy Sam Mohamed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 10

19--27

EN

The tree pods and seeds of Cassia fistula (CF) and Delonix regia (DR) were collected from the Faculty of Agriculture garden at Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt, during the spring season of 2019. The physical and chemical aspects of pods and seeds were examined. The percentage of oil and fatty acid compositions were then investigated. The pod weights ranged from 61.34 g in DR to 89.29 g in CF, with pod lengths ranged from 42.26 cm (DR) to 62.64 cm (CF). InCassia fistula, the seed weight per pod, the number of seeds per pod, and the weight of 100 seeds per pod were 12.29 g, 84, and 17.22 g, respectively; whereas in Delonix regia, they were 11.31 g, 23.5, and 34.25 g. The C. fistula had high levels of chlorophyll a and b, as well as total chlorophyll (1.016, 1.025, and 2.041 mg g-1 DW), while D. regia recorded the lowest levels (0.513, 0.228, 0.741 mg g-1 DW). The results also showed that the C. fistula leaves were also heavier than the D. regia leaves, weighing 14.96 g and 5.02 g fresh and dry weight for C. fistula and 10.06 g and 3.87 g fresh and dry weight for D. regia, respectively. The seeds of both plants were chemically tested, with percentages of Lipid, Moisture, Protein, Ash, Fibers, and Total Carbohydrates of 2.11, 10.79, 17.10, 4.95, 5.51, and 59.53 percent for Cassia fistula and 2.13, 6.52, 18.75, 0.37, 13.28, and 58.95 percent for Delonix regia, respectively. Eleven fatty acids were found in both plants seeds oil (lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, eliadic, linoleic, linolenic, gondoic, and behenic acid). A slight variation was noted in linoleic acid, which was the major component of both oils ranging from 52.17 (CF) to 54.77% (DR). The prediction of the iodine values resulted in 97.6 and 98.8 for Cassia fistula and Delonix regia, respectively, which is a promising model for the production of biodiesel in the future.

3

Testing of lubricating properties of mixtures of diesel and RME biofuels with the addition of linoleic acid

Gardyński Leszek, Kałdonek Jolanta, Caban Jacek

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2020

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Vol. 87, nr 1

57--66

EN

In connection with the limited resources of fossil fuels and the reduction of emissions and stimulation of agricultural areas, a very important indication is the search for alternative fuels – biofuels. The article presents the results of testing the lubricating properties of selected fuel mixtures. The lubricity of diesel fuel (DF), DF with 7% content of methyl esters of rapeseed oil fatty acids (RME), technical linoleic acid and DF with 7% content of RME and 10% content of technical linoleic acid was tested. The research was carried out on the author's research stand in the amount of 20 dm3 of mixture. Four parameters were taken into account: mass loss of samples, the footprint area of cooperation, diameter of equivalent wheel and average value of the coefficient of friction. It has been shown that the addition of linoleic acid to diesel fuel containing RME causes a significant increase in the mass loss of the samples and the footprint area of cooperation as well as its diameter of equivalent wheel, during lubrication with such a mixture. As a result of the addition of linoleic acid, no positive results were obtained, as the lubricating properties in this case deteriorated. Therefore, it is justified to continue looking for fuel additives that will eliminate this negative effect.

4

Pyrite oxidation inhibition by hydrophobic films for acid mine drainage control at the source

Wang Shuncai, Zhao Yue, Li Shuang

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2019

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Vol. 55, iss. 5

1132--1140

EN

Acid mine drainage (AMD), which is also known as acid rock drainage (ARD), can cause serious environmental pollution, especially for surrounding aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems due toits low pH, high metal and sulfate concentration. Acid mine drainage is an urgent environmental problem for the worldwide ore mining industry. In this paper, we demonstrated that hydrophobic films can inhibit the oxidation of pyrite-bearing tailings to achieve the control of at-source AMD. The results of chemical leaching testing showed that the hydrophobic films formed by linoleic acid can suppress the oxidation of pyrite-bearing tailings and reduce the AMD production. In addition, the presence of hydrophobic films of linoleic acid on the surface of pyrite-bearing tailings was confirmed by the results from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM / EDS).

5

Występowanie kwasów tłuszczowych i steroli w środowisku naturalnym

Łobos-Moysa E., Dudziak M.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2016

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Vol. 10, No. 1

209--217

PL

Postęp w rozwoju technik analitycznych umożliwia obecnie oznaczanie bardzo dużej liczby zanieczyszczeń organicznych występujących w środowisku naturalnym. Część tych zanieczyszczeń jest pochodzenia naturalnego. Aktualnie badania ukierunkowane są głównie na zanieczyszczenia specyficzne, których obecność jest wynikiem antropogenicznego oddziaływania na środowisko naturalne. W celu oceny występowania specyficznych zanieczyszczeń i mikrozanieczyszczeń w środowisku naturalnym, tj. wybranych kwasów tłuszczowych nienasyconych - oleinowego i linolowego oraz kwasu nasyconego - palmitynowego, a także steroli stigmasterolu i β-sitosterolu oraz betuliny, opracowano techniki ich wydzielania i ich chromatograficznej analizy. Analizę jakościowo-ilościową zarówno kwasów tłuszczowych, jak i steroli wykonywano przy użyciu chromatografu GC / ion trap / MS (model Saturn 2100 T firmy Varian) wyposażonego w kolumnę chromatograficzną VF-5ms (Varian). Do wydzielania związków zastosowano różne techniki ekstrakcji. W przedstawionych w pracy badaniach prowadzono monitoring występowania zanieczyszczeń w wodach powierzchniowych Górnego Śląska (Wójtowianka (Doa), Potok Rokitnicki, rzeka Bytomka, rzeka Kłodnica i Kanał Gliwicki) w okresie od stycznia do czerwca 2015 roku.

EN

Nowadays, advances in the analytical techniques allow the determination of hundreds of organic pollutants present in the environment. Some of organic pollutants are of natural origin. Although the current study are mainly aimed at specific pollution, the presence of which is the result of anthropogenic impacts on the environment. In order to assess the appearance of specific pollutants and micropollutants in the environment ie the selected unsaturated fatty acids: oleic, linoleic, saturated acid: palmitic and sterols: stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and betulin, the techniques for their isolation and analysis have been developed. Quality and quantity analysis of fatty acids and sterols was carried out using GC/ion trap/MS chromatographic system (model Saturn 2100 T, Varian) equipped with a chromatography column VF-5ms (Varian). Various extraction techniques have been used for isolation of the pollutants. In this study the monitoring of level of contamination in surface water of Upper Silesia (Wójtowianka (Doa) Stream, Rokitnica Stream, Bytomka River, Klodnica River and Gliwice Channel) was conducted in the period from January to June in the 2015.

6

Potencjalne surowce do otrzymywania bioaktywnych pochodnych tłuszczowych

Walisiewicz-Niedbalska W., Patkowska-Sokoła B., Gwardiak H., Szulc T., Bodkowski R., Różycki K.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2012

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T. 91, nr 5

1058-1063

PL

Przedstawiono charakterystykę olejów zawierających trzy wiązania podwójne (lniany, z lnianki) i z gorczycy o obniżonej zawartości kwasu erukowego, zawierające kwas α-linolenowy (9c,12c,15cC18:3), oraz z olejów z nasion wiesiołka, ogórecznika i z czarnej porzeczki zawierających kwas γ-linolenowy (6c,9c,12cC18:3). Ponadto przebadano oleje, które w stanie naturalnym zawierają izomery kwasu o 18 atomach węgla i trzy wiązania podwójne, a wśród nich olej tungowy zawierający kwas α-eleostearynowy (9c,11t,13tC18:3) i oleje z nagietka zawierające kwas nagietkowy (8t,10t,12cC18:3).

EN

Eight com. available and recovered vegetable oils (flax, false flax, evening primrose, barage, blackcurrant, mustard, tung and pot marigold) were analyzed for chem. compn., esp. for content of mono, di and tri unsatd. fatty acids. Contents of conjugated linoleic acids in tung oil were: the isomer 9c,11t,13t (α-eleostearic acid) 76.8% and the isomer 9c,11t,13t (β-eleostearic acid) 1.3% of the total fatty acids. In the marigold oil (varieties ‘Geisha Girl‘ and ‘Persemmon Beauty’), the isomer 8t,10t,12c (α-calendic acid) was in concns. 53,2 and 53,6%, resp. Concns. of the isomer 8t,10t,12t (β-calendic acid) were 2,1% and 1,4%, resp. α-Linolenic acid (9c,12c,15c C18:3) was identified in linseed oil (53,3%), in Camelina sativa oil (45,7% m/m) and in low erucic acid mustard oil (13,9% m/m). γ-Linolenic acid (6c,8c,12c C18:3) was identified in evening primrose oil (6,8% m/m), in borage seed oil (20,6% m/m) and in black currant seed oil (10,4%). In black currant oil, the stearidonic acid (C18:4) was also found. The linseed, false flax, tung and pot marigold oils were selected as raw materials for recovery or prodn. of conjugated linoleic acids with biolog. activity.

7

Synteza biologicznie aktywnych izomerów kwasu linolowego z wykorzystaniem katalizatora tlenkowego

Walisiewicz-Niedbalska W., Patkowska-Sokoła B., Różycki K., Gwardiak H., Bodkowski R.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2011

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T. 90, nr 5

1058-1060

8

Kwas linolowy ze sprzężonymi wiązaniami podwójnymi w modyfikowanych olejach roślinnych i w tłuszczu mlekowym

Walisiewicz-Niedbalska W., Patkowska-Sokoła B., Lipkowski A. W., Bodkowski R., Dobrzański Z., Gwardiak H., Różycki K.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2009

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T. 88, nr 5

579-582

9

HPLC separation of some unsaturated and saturated fatty acids

Czauderna M., Kowalczyk J.

Chemia Analityczna

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2002

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Vol. 47, No. 6

867-882

EN

HPLC procedure for the determination of saturated fatty acids (from C(8) to C(22)) and some unsaturated fatty acids containing eighteen carbon atoms is described. Milk and intestinal digesta samples were hydrolyzed with 2 mol L(-1) NaOH. The hydrolysates were acidified to pH ~ 2 and free fatty acids were extracted with dichloromethane. Fatty acids were then assayed after derivatizaon with 2,4'-dibromoacetophenone in the presence of triethyla-mine. The separation of derivatized fatty acids was achieved using two C(18) columns and UV detection at 256 nm. Derivatized conjugated linoleic acid isomers (CLA) in the effluent were monitored using UV detection at 235 and 256 nm (method I). Gradient elution with UV detection at 234.5 nm (method II) allowed the determination of CLA without derivatization. The low detection limits (from 2.3 x 10(-4) to 5.1 pg) for assayed fatty acids, good ,,purity" of fatty acid peaks (-100%) and very simple procedure for preparation of free fatty acid extracts point to the satisfactory sensitivity and reliability of the presented methods.

PL

Opisano metodykę HPLC, umożliwiającą oznaczanie nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych (od C(8) do C(22)) oraz niektórych nienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych zawierających osiemnaście atomów węgla. Próbki mleka i treści jelitowej poddano hydrolizie w 2 mol L(-1) NaOH. Po doprowadzeniu pH hydrolizatu do wartości ~ 2, wolne kwasy tłuszczowe (KT) ekstrahowano dichlorometanem. KT oznaczano po derywatyzacji 2,4'-dibromoacetofenonem w obecności trietyloaminy. Pochodne KT rozdzielano na dwóch kolumnach C(18) stosując detekcję UV przy 256 nm. Pochodne izomerów sprzężonego kwasu linolowego (SKL) w eluacie monitorowano wykorzystując detekcję UV przy 256 i 235 nm (metoda I). Do bezpośredniego oznaczania izomerów SKL użyto gradientowy program elucji i detekcję UV przy 234,5 nm (metoda II). Niskie wartości granicy wykrywalności (od 2,3 x 10(-4) do 5, l pg) oznaczanych KT, dobra „czystość" pików KT (~100%) i prostota procedury otrzymywania ekstraktu wolnych KT sprawiają, że metody I i II gwatantują zadawalającą czułość i niezawodność.