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EN
National power grid in Poland requires modernisation, therefore by 2030 numerous actions are scheduled regarding the expansion of the existing network and the construction of new electricity transmission lines (power lines). The planned activities will undoubtedly change the quality of landscape and result in fragmentation of forest habitats, some of which are characterised by high biodiversity and constitute a key element of ecological corridors. The aim of the present paper was to outline the issue of the impact of the power line corridors on forest habitat fragmentation, as well as to present the GuidosToolbox software (Graphical User Interface for the Description of image Objects and their Shapes) used, among other things, for the determination of the degree of fragmentation of forest habitats. The analysis concerned the Puszcza Bukowa forest, which is a part of the Natura 2000 network and is protected under the Szczecin Landscape Park ‘Puszcza Bukowa’. Despite abundant natural assets of the Puszcza Bukowa forest, it was necessary to run many power lines through its area due to location of the forest in the vicinity of the Szczecin agglomeration. The course of power lines contributed to the fragmentation of the discussed forest complex and to the depletion of its interior classified with the GuidosToolbox software as ‘Intact’. The software discussed in the present paper may prove useful in the identification of the degree of forest area fragmentation, connected with the course of high-voltage power transmission lines, and in the assessment of the impact of the planned investment projects on biocenoses.
PL
Linie przesyłowe wysokiego napięcia (HVDC) wykorzystują prąd stały do przesyłu wielkich mocy, w przeciwieństwie do bardziej rozpowszechnionych układów prądu przemiennego. Przy przesyłaniu mocy na duże odległości układy HVDC mogą być tańsze i mają mniejsze straty elektryczne. W przypadku podwodnych kabli elektroenergetycznych zastosowanie HVDC pozwala na uniknięcie wielkich prądów spowodowanych pojemnością kabli.
EN
For long-distance high-voltage, direct current (HVDC) electric power transmission system uses direct current for the bulk transmission of transmission, HVDC systems maybe less expensive and suffer lower electrical losses. For underwater power cables, HVDC avoids the heavy currents required by the cable capacitance.
EN
In the paper the method of calculation of the eddy current losses, the temperature, the electrodynamics forces, material and energetic optimization of the shape of busways system with air and SF6 insulation are presented. The method discussed takes into consideration coupling between the electromagnetic field and the thermal field. The method is based on the numerical solution of equations joining the temperature and the eddy-current losses. The method of successive approximations and numerical optimizations are used to solve the equations. In this paper it is assumed that the analyzed system is linear and infinitely long in the direction of the conductors.
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