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EN
Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of sintering raw (natural) halloysite and pure halloysite to produce porous ceramic preforms, and determination of sintering temperature based on the results of investigations into thermal effects, linear changes and phase transitions. Design/methodology/approach: Due to mullitisation ability of halloysite at high temperature, alternative applications based on the sintering technology (including the production of reinforcement of metal matrix composites) are being searched for. Pure halloysite and Dunino halloysite were selected for the study. Findings: Pure halloysite, characterized by low impurities, dimensional stability during sintering, softening temperature above 1500ºC and ability to transform into mullite at temperatures above 950ºC could be used as a base for the production of sintered, porous mullite preforms. Research limitations/implications: Presence of impurities in Dunino halloysite, contribute to the shift of the sintering temperature towards lower temperatures and caused a rapid and uncontrolled shrinkage of the sample and the appearance of the softening temperature at 1300ºC. Practical implications: Based on the research of thermal (DTA/TG, linear changes in high-temperature microscopy) and XRD studies it is possible to determine the sintering temperature of pure halloysite to manufacture the porous mullite preforms with open porosity. Originality/value: The received results show the possibility of obtaining the new mullite preforms based on pure halloysite.
EN
The presented research is aimed at demonstrating differences in the effectiveness of action between chemical admixtures available on the domestic market with a similar and different course of action in cement pastes and mortars. Admixtures with aeration, aeration and plasticizing, sealing, acceleration of setting time, and liquefaction effect came from different manufacturers and were used in the amount recommended by them. It has been shown that, in the case of chemical admixtures with different direction of effect, their effectiveness in cement mortars is conditioned by the mechanism of their action. However, for the admixtures with the same direction of action, but coming from different manufacturers, the decisive influence on their effectiveness in mortars is their dosage amount and the type and concentration of organic compounds used to produce these admixtures. The greatest improvement in the properties of mortar, demonstrated by their increased compressive strength, slight linear changes and lower absorbability, was obtained in the presence of liquidizing admixtures and slightly inferior in the presence of ones that accelerate setting time, plasticize, seal or aerate. On the other hand, the least beneficial effect on improving the functional properties of mortars was observed in the presence of aeration and plasticizing admixtures.
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