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1

Study on ultrasound assisted desulfurization of light gas oil using inorganic liquid

Mahmood Luma H., Abid Mohammad F., Mohammed Mohammed I.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 45, nr 4

5--19

EN

The feasibility of removing sulfur from real light gas oil using inorganic liquids (NaOH, Ca(OH)2 and HCl) at various concentrations assisted with ultrasonication was investigated in a continuous flow setup. Experimental results showed that at the optimum operating time (40 min), 68% of sulfur was removed under mild conditions using 10 wt. % NaOH. Ultrasonication not only facilitated sulfur removal but also improved gas oil properties by decreasing density and viscosity by 1.40 and 4.42%, respectively, while the cetane number (CN) was increased by 7.0%. Solute selectivity (S) depending on sulfur mole fraction (xS) was correlated using StatPlus 6.7.1.0 software and the following values have been obtained: S = 53.869e–2.552xs, and S = 29.573 – 41.878xs for mixtures of 10% Ca(OH)2 + S-compound + oil, and 10% NaOH + S-compound + oil, respectively. The correlation coefficients (R2) for the above equations were 0.9813 and 0.9611, respectively. An empirical correlation related to sulfur removal as a function of processing time and solvent concentration was found with R2 = 0.956. The results of the present work confirmed the feasibility of employing the hybrid method of ultrasonication with using alkaline liquids for sulfur removal.

2

Apparatus for fine coal separating water cleaning, and thickening from coal washing waters

Szymański J., Planeta S., Suglo R. S., Apel D.

Przegląd Górniczy

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2014

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T. 70, nr 1

58--61

EN

Modern coal preparation plants dispose large quantities of dilute coal tailings what entails socio-economic and environmental problems. By introducing oil and flocculant to these tailings, clean coal and water are recovered, and the amount of solid tailings material to be disposed is reduced. Light oil is used as an agglomeration liquid, and flocculant as a clarification and densification reagent (for rapid settlement). Slurry treated with light oil and flocculant forms three consecutive phases: coal particle micro-agglomerates, clarified water and inorganic material which settles at the bottom. This paper presents a process designed to recover clean coal and washing water by use of oil and flocculant. The results in this work show that up to 60% of the fine coal can be removed from the tailings. This indicates that the proposed method is effective in separating coal from dilute tailings. This process is effectively achieved by simultaneous coal agglomeration, water clarifying, and refuse thickening in one step. In all the experiments conducted, the ash content of coal slimes were drastically reduced which shows the effectiveness of this method.

PL

W nowoczesnych zakładach przeróbki węgla powstają duże ilości rozcieńczonych drobnych odpadów węgla, które stanowią ekonomiczne i środowiskowe problemy. Wprowadzając olej i flokulanta do zawiesiny w takich odpadach, odzyskuje się czysty węgiel i wodę, przez to ilość materiału do unieszkodliwiania jest zmniejszona. Lekki olej jest stosowany jako płyn do aglomeracji i flokulant jako odczynnik do klarowania oraz zagęszczania nieorganicznego materiału (do szybkiej sedymentacji). W wyniku potraktowania zawiesiny olejem i flokulantem otrzymano trzy kolejne fazy: na górze cząstki węgla „mikro-aglomeraty z olejem", następnie sklarowana woda i oddzielony nieorganiczny materiał na dnie. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań laboratoryjnych, przedstawiono koncepcję mającą na celu przemysłowe odzyskanie czystego węgla i wody za pomocą oleju i flokulanta. Wyniki badań zostały przedstawione i omówione, a następnie przedyskutowano i zaproponowano ich zastosowanie na dużą skalę.

3

Enhanced oil recovery processes in sandstone reservoirs containing light oil in offshore fields

Przybyłowicz J., Rychlicki S.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2014

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Vol. 31, no. 1

99--116

EN

Enhanced oil recovery methods can significantly increase recovery from offshore oil reservoirs provided that the appropriate method is selected. Enhanced oil recovery methods aim to recover the remaining original oil in place by applying additional energy sources and minimalize flow resistance in the field. The application of these technologies results in enhancement, or replacement of natural or physical processes of displacement and modifies the composition and physical properties of formation fluids. The use of EOR technologies in offshore environment is limited compared to onshore fields. Constraints imposed by the offshore environment are associated with technical difficulties as well as economic risk. Before choosing the most appropriate EOR method for particular environmental conditions the restrictions associated with: large well spacing, disposal geological description as well as availability and cost of EOR agents, weight and space constrains or high capital cost requirements should be considered. Reservoir lithology is limiting the applicability of specific EOR methods. This paper presents a comprehensive review of EOR projects which are appropriate or possible for sandstone reservoirs containing light-oil in offshore field. The possibilities and limitations of selected methods are introduced.