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Ocena właściwości optycznych żakardowych dzianin dekoracyjnych

Szmyt J.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Włókiennictwo / Politechnika Łódzka

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2016

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z. 72

5--62

PL

Celem naukowym pracy jest identyfikacja barierowości świetlnej żakardowych dzianin dekoracyjnych na podstawie badań teoretycznych opartych na modelu geometryczno-strukturalnym dzianin, który formułuje zależności zapełnienia powierzchniowego splotów funkcji cech stosowanych nitek oraz na podstawie badań eksperymentalnych prowadzonych w oparciu o opracowaną instrumentalną metodykę pomiaru parametrów optycznych dzianin, tj. przepuszczalności, odbicia i porowatości powierzchniowej tekstyliów wzorzystych. Sformułowany cel pracy poprzez uzyskane rezultaty badań posłużył udowodnieniu prawdziwości postawionej tezy pracy. Teza pracy Identyfikację procesu barierowości świetlnej dzianin żakardowych dekoracyjnych można prowadzić analitycznie w ujęciu modelu geometrii i struktury splotów zapełnianych nitkami oraz pomiarów eksperymentalnych cech optycznych. Zależności korelacyjne między cechami budowy dzianin oraz parametrami fotometrycznymi mogą znajdować praktyczne aplikacje w procesie optymalizacji plastyczno-technologicznego projektowania dzianin.

EN

The aim of the thesis was the identification of the light barrier properties of jacquard decorative knitted fabrics on the basis of theoretical research using a geometrical and structural model of knitted fabric. The model formulates the cover factor as a function of thread characteristics and the experimental methodology studies made on the support of the developed instrumental measurement system of optical characteristics, ie. transmittance and reflec-tance as well as the surface porosity of patterned textiles. The jacquard knitted fabrics in the form of curtains and blinds serve, above all, window decor to fulfill the role of a barrier before the excessive quantity of lighting reaching from the outside. This fabric decide on the natural lighting amount in living quarters. This issue is important from a medical standpoint on the natural light influence on man. The aspects of optical ma-terial evaluation depend on the material polymer type and the fiber cross-section of the yarns, product structure as well as sunlight impact on the fiber material and the light characteristic influence to the human body. The structure and technology of jacquard warp knitted fabrics produced on the rachel machines were presented. The developed construction model of the jacquard knitted fabrics (open) assigned for curtains and blinds was characterized. On the grounds of the model, the structural parameter equations were determined including thread length in the loop, surface mass, and the cover factor. The encoding methodology of the knitted fabric structures were worked out through the digital marking assignment for the characteristic, permanent construction elements of the knitted fabric pattern stitches. The theoretical esti-mation methodology and experimental value of the knitted fabric cover factor was presented. On the basis of the calculation and research results, the construction model of the jacquard warp knitted fabrics was empirically verified. In the thesis experimental part, the review of the available measurement methods was achieved, which served the optical parameter valuation of tex-tiles and other products. Attention was drawn to the fact, that these devices and research methods are not useful for the evaluation of the optical parameter quantities of decorative knitted fabrics, a new research methodology of the light barrier properties of textile identification, its assumptions were defined. The method was composed of two stages: the first was the measurement on the exploratory stand, and the second stage concerned measurement result analysis using computer programs for the measurement and analysis of the results. The project was carried out and the new and original on-line measuring position was built, which served transmission and reflection evaluation with simultaneously the surface porosity measurement. The measuring position contains the original construction for the sake of innovative construction elements including the light source in the form of a diode matrix with a spectrum distribution of the light nearing the spectrum sunlight distribution, sensor units of transmitted and reflected light, and the digital image registration of the knitted fabric. The result analysis was ap-plied to the statistical parameter definition, structural porosity determination, and the relationship identification between the studied features. The methodology gave the possibility of achieving a two-parameter identification of the optical and structural parameter of the knitted fabric. The research material – dozens of types of the jacquard decorative knitted fabrics were designed and produced at two Polish industrial plants. The structural parameter measurements and result analysis were carried out including warp and weft stitches, surface mass, the cover factor. The research program and measurement results were presented as well as the light barrier property evaluation was shown in the form of the transmission and reflection intensity quantities for 142 variants of the jacquard knitted fabrics for 5 different light intensity conditions, which was the equivalent of light intensity that occurred during different times of the year and day. On the basis of the obtained transmission and reflection quantities, the analysis of the knitted fabric on their impact features was achieved by their sunlight barrier abilities, including their cover factor parameter. The identification of the linear correlation and linear regression relationship of the light transmission and light reflection with the cover factor of the knitted fabric was exhibited. The measuring results for the many knitted fabric structures were submitted in respect to the surface porosity quantities, background type stitches, the texturing method of pattern yarns, and the opacity level of the yarn surface. Furthermore, the light barrier property for 28 parallel yarn types were assigned, which differed in material, color, texturing type, opacity level of the material polymer, fiber cross-section shape, and their product purpose. The optical property analysis of the jacquard decorative knitted fabrics demonstrated that the value intensity of transmitted light and value intensity of reflected light depend on the cover factor values of the knitted fabrics determined by the pattern and the intensity of the incident light. The cover factor in 87% is created by the pattern threads, which basically decide the light barrier properties of knitted fabrics. There is an escalation of the light reflection and a decrease of light transmission together with the cover factor growth of the knitted fabric structure. A visualization of the photo-optical property importance of the threads including yarn surface characteristics, fiber cross-section, texturing method, yarn color and structure characteristics for shaping the light barrier properties of the decorative knitted fabrics.

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Rozwój techniki sensorowej jako inteligentna specjalizacja w inżynierii bezpieczeństwa

Ignac-Nowicka J.

Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji

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2016

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z. 4 (16)

32--42

PL

W artykule przedstawiono rolę sensorów w systemach monitoringu bezpieczeństwa. Przeanalizowano zastosowanie wybranych grup sensorów dla bezpieczeństwa gazowego oraz dla ochrony stref pracy. Omówiono również zastosowanie sensorów w obrazowaniu dla kamer pracujących w monitoringu bezpieczeństwa maszyn. Dla każdego obszaru zastosowania omówionych sensorów pokazano różne przykłady obecnie stosowanych aplikacji w warunkach przemysłowych. Pokazano zalety i funkcje dostępnych obecnie sensorów na rynku.

EN

The article presents the role of sensors in monitoring systems of security. They examined the use of selected groups of sensors for safety gaseous and to protect the work zones. It also discusses the use of imaging sensors for cameras working in monitoring of safety machines. For each application area described sensors showing various examples of applications currently used in industry. Showing the advantages and functions of the sensors currently available on the market.

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Prezentacja dostępnych rozwiązań. Kurtyny i bariery świetlne

Więch A.

Napędy i Sterowanie

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2010

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R. 12, nr 6

56-58

PL

W ostatnich latach dało się zaobserwować w przemyśle wyraźny wzrost zainteresowania różnego rodzaju zabezpieczeniami optycznymi. Mimo wprowadzania na rynek coraz nowocześniejszych, innowacyjnych rozwiązań, nadal prym wiodą kurtyny i bariery świetlne bezpieczeństwa. Urządzenia tego typu znajdują także szerokie zastosowanie w układach automatyki, służąc do detekcji, pomiarów czy zliczania.

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Pomiar prędkości pocisków małokalibrowych w laboratoryjnych badaniach oslon szklanych

Kiczyński K., Suproniuk M.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2008

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Vol. 57, nr 2

177-186

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano znane oraz autorskie układy i metody pomiaru predkości pocisków kaliber 4,5 mm. Dokładniej opisano układy pomiarowe wykorzystywane do laboratoryjnych testów materiałów przeznaczonych n osłony w różnego rodzaju pojazdach. Zagadnienie to jest elementem międzynarodowego projektu PROTGLASS pt. Teoretyczno-eksperymentalna optymalizacja własnosci ochronnych oslon szkalnych. Celem projektu jest stworzenie modelu matematycznego procesu pękania oslon szklanych narażonych na udar mechaniczny.

EN

The well-known method of measurement of speed bullets, of a calibre of 4,5 mm as well as the author's systems were presented in this paper. The measuring systems used to laboratory tests of materials designed for protection of different types of vehicles were described more precisely. This problem is an element of the international project PROTGLASS Theoretical-Experimental Optimisation of the Protective Properties of Glass Shields. The aim of the project is to create a mathematical model of cracking process of glass shields undergoing mechanical stroke.