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EN
In this study we describe the most popular biomedical engineering nanoparticles including carbon nanotubes [17-20], liposomes [4-7], polymeric micells [11-13], quantum dots [3, 21-23], hydrogels [24-27], dendrimers [14-16] which are recently considered as modern drug carriers. These nanomaterials are applied for cancer diagnostic and targeted delivery of active compounds as chemotherapeutics in so called targeted therapy. Thus, we characterized the ideas of targeted therapy for which compositions of carriers with antibody are constructed (Figs. 3, 4). We also compared the traditional and targeted mechanisms [1, 3, 28-29] of drug delivery (Fig. 2). During targeted therapy only the essential dose of drug (less than during conventional chemotherapy) is delivering to the cancer cell. In additional, the application of targeted therapy reduces side effects, being very characteristic for the traditional treatment. The anticancer compound can selectively hits the target only, due to the presence of the ligands attached to the surface of nanocarirer. We characterized ligands which are often use in nanomedicine: antibodies [33-37], folic acid [30-33], peptides [33, 38, 39], aptamers [33, 40, 41] and transferrin [33, 42-44]. The purpose of this study is description of the bioconjugation of ligand-nanocarrier. This step is necessary and very important in synthesis of the novel drug delivery systems in targeted anticancer therapy. We report recent advances in the field showing the formation of amides (Figs. 6-8) [51-57], thioethers (Figs. 9-11) [52, 60-66], disulfides (Fig. 12) [69], and acethyl-hydrazone groups (Fig. 13) [73]. Special attention is paid to the process such as Diels-Alder (Figs. 14, 15) [74, 75] and "click chemistry" through the cycloaddition of Huisgen (Figs. 16, 17) [79-82]. We describe also the reaction of Staudinger [83] and the process of formation Schiff 's base [84]. The processes enable very mild and selective modification of the carriers through formation of amide bound. These methods ware less popular but allow the fictionalization of nanocarriers in biomedical application. Each reaction or process needs special and individual environment and conditions, which are summarized in Table 1.
3
Content available remote Sposoby wiązania cząsteczek ligandów z DNA
PL
W pracy omówiono różne grupy ligandów o zróżnicowanych sposobach wiązania z DNA. Scharakteryzowano sposoby wiązania ligandów z DNA oraz omówiono cechy charakterystyczne w ich strukturze determinujące sposób, w jaki oddziałują z tą makromolekułą.
EN
In this paper, we characterized various modes of bindings of ligand molecules with DNA, including intercalation, bisintercalation, binding in minor or major groove of DNA, non-specific binding outside DNA, covalent binding and mixed binding mode - characteristic for hybrid molecules named combilexins. We discussed the structural features of ligand affecting its interactions and, in case mixed binding mode ligands, external factors influencing occurrence of specific mode.
PL
Praca doktorska nagrodzona w 2005 roku przez Komitet Chemii Analitycznej PAN za najlepszą pracę doktorska z dziedziny chemii analitycznej, ufundowana przez firmę Merck.
PL
Chemia koordynacyjna jest dyscypliną, która stopniowo wyodrębniła się z chemii nieorganicznej i obecnie rozwija się bardzo dynamicznie. Większość bowiem związków metali to związki kompleksowe, które w swej budowie zawierają zarówno ligandy nieorganiczne, jak i organiczne.
EN
By means NMR 39K spectroscopy the complexation constants K1 and K2 of K+ cations with tetranaftoxyphosphazene-coronand ligands were determined.
EN
Cementation equilibria, in presence of the complexing ligands of the L or Lo type, have been discussed.
PL
Omówiono równowagi cementacyjne w roztworach kompleksowych (ligandy typu L lub Lo).
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