Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Czynniki mikrobiologiczne a profilaktyka i rewaloryzacja budynków mieszkalnych

Karyś Jerzy

Materiały Budowlane

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2021

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nr 5

2--5

PL

Podatność obiektów budowlanych na czynniki mikrobiologiczne jest duża i dotyczy wszystkich konstrukcji, zarówno pracujących w warunkach podwyższonej wilgotności, jak i w temperaturze optymalnej dla egzystencji człowieka. Nadmierny rozwój tych czynników związany jest z błędami projektowania, wznoszenia i eksploatacji budynków. Analiza koincydencji trwałości obiektów i zdrowia mieszkańców z fizjologią i morfologią czynników pozwala na prowadzenie określonej profilaktyki i rewaloryzacji mikrobiologicznej w budynkach.

EN

Suppleness of building objects on microbiological agents is big and concerns all of constructions, which work in the high moisture and in the optimum temperature for the man. Excessive development of microbiological agents is connected the first of all with bad projecting, realization or exploitation of buildings. The analysis of the coincidence of the durability of objects and the health of tenants with physiology and morphology these agents permits on the conducting the prophylaxis and microbiological revalorization in buildings.

2

Monitoring of the Influence of Landfills on the Atmospheric Air Using Bioindication Methods on the Example of the Zhytomyr Landfill, Ukraine

Malovanyy Myroslav, Korbut Mariia, Davydova Irina, Tymchuk Ivan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 6

36--49

EN

The paper presents the results of research on the implementation of monitoring of the landfills influence on the atmospheric air using bioindication methods on the example of the Zhytomyr landfill (Ukraine)–one of the typical Ukrainian landfills, which is operated with minimal environmental protection measures. A comprehensive study of atmospheric air pollution in the landfill area was carried out using a human sensor system and an integral assessment using bioindication (lichens were chosen as bioindicators). The study revealed a reliable exponential dependence for modeling the relationship between the distance from the source of gas formation (solid waste landfill in the city of Zhytomyr) and the intensity of odor. The level of atmospheric air pollution was also determined based on the assessment of the projective coverage of the tree trunk with lichens. The research revealed an exponential dependence for modeling the relationship between the distance from the landfill boundary and the total coverage of the tree trunk with lichens. The results of the analysis confirmed the correctness of the use of the aforementioned method. The relationship between the results obtained by the lichen indication method and the strength of the odor from the landfill was evaluated. Based on the results of calculating the relative values of the assessment of atmospheric air pollution by the method of coverage of the tree trunk with lichens and the strength of the odor, a regression analysis was carried out and mathematical relationships were determined, that most accurately describe the change in these indicators with distance from the landfill boundary. It is proved that both tested methods can be used in Ukrainian realities to monitor the state of atmospheric air in the area of influence of municipal landfills, depending on the purpose of research. The analysis of the research results confirmed the significance of the results of the obtained assessment of the impact of the Zhytomyr solid waste landfill on the state of atmospheric air. The materials of these studies can find further application for the formation of databases of knowledge of landfills, which will allow to develop a strategy for managing them as an object of increased environmental hazard.

3

Osobliwości flory porostowej rezerwatu „Lipiny” w Puszczy Białowieskiej

Chomutowska H.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2015

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nr 2

196--207

PL

Celem podjętych badań było określenie najczęściej spotykanych i osobliwych gatunków porostów w Rezerwacie „Lipiny”, położonym na obszarze Puszczy Białowieskiej i ustalenie, czy na badanym obszarze jest możliwość przygotowania ścieżek przyrodniczych dla turystyki pieszej, uwzględniającej obszary bogate w plechy porostowe. Znacznie wzbogaci to ofertę turystyczną terenów. Może być również wykorzystane w edukacji na poziomie podstawowym i średnim.

EN

The aim of this study is to find the most common species of lichens in the Reserve “Lipiny” in the Białowieża Forest. Occurrence of 33 species of lichens, especially epiphytic has been confirmed. Air pollution can be determined by bio-indicators species of lichens. The main feature of lichens as bio-indicators is the ability to absorb water and minerals from rain water and water vapor directly from surface of the thallus. These organisms are extremely sensitive to pollution of the atmosphere, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

4

Negative aspects of the impact of bacteria on concrete

Zapała J.

Structure and Environment

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2010

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Vol. 2, no. 2

14-19

EN

This paper presents the most frequently occurring cases of cement paste corrosion caused by living organisms. Concrete is exposed to the effects of corrosive factors. One of the factors which cause corrosion are living organisms. The key role is played by bacteria, algae, fungi, lichen. The role of microorganisms is essential in the destructive processes. The enzymes and metabolites secreted by microorganisms contribute to the destruction of the material by dissolution, hydrolysis, crystallization of the products of corrosion. Also, the settlement of microorganisms on the surface of a material, the biofilm effect, may lead to the processes of destruction.

5

Heavy metal accumulation, resistance and Physiological status of some epigeic and epiphytic lichens inhabiting Zn and Pb polluted areas

Pawlik-Skowrońska B., Wójciak H., Skowroński T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 2

195-207

EN

Heavy metal accumulation, physiological status and resistance against Zn and Pb were compared in lichens occurring in metalpolluted (Silesian Upland, S. Poland) and unpolluted (forest complex, NE Poland) areas. Sandy soil near Zn/Pb ore mine had significantly lower (5.35-times) metal content than dolomite-containing ground of mine tailing dump in polluted area (S. Poland). Metal contents in native lichens sampled from those sites followed the same pattern. Total Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu contents in native lichens recorded in two sites of Zn/Pb mining area varied broadly and were considerably higher than in lichens from a control unpolluted site. Independently of the sampling site, epiphytic lichens of higher surface to biovolume ratio (i.e. Candelariella Mull. Arg., Lepraria Ach.) accumulated much more metals (6.05 - 9.57 mg g[^-1] DW) than lichens of a lower ratio (e.g. 0.25 mg g[^-1]DW in Peltigera didactyla (With.) J.R.Laundon or 0.29 mg g[^-1] DW in some Cladonia Hill ex Browne). In general, the studied lichens accumulated metals in the following order: Zn>Pb>Cd=Cu, that was in agreement with the metal content in soils. However, Cladonia furcata (Huds.) Schrad. from tailing dump contained 2-fold more Pb than Zn. Internal Zn and Pb contents (non-exchangeable fraction) in the studied lichens ranged broadly from 17 to 90% of the total metal content. Phaeophytinisation quotients (PhQ), total chlorophyll contents and chl a/b ratios in the native lichens from polluted sites ranged 0.84 - 1.44; 0.514 - 4.858 mg g[^-1] DW and 2.09 - 5.56, respectively. Experimental exposure of selected species (Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl., Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) Choisy, Lepraria elobata Tonsberg, L. incana (L.) Ach., sampled from the both polluted and unpolluted sites, to high doses of Zn[^2+] and Pb[^2+] (0.36 or 0.72 mmol g[^-1] DW) revealed higher resistance of lichens from the Zn/Pb-polluted sites than con-specific lichens from the unpolluted one. The resistance of epiphytic species from the polluted area to high doses of Zn[^2+] and Pb[^2+] increased as follows: H. physodes

6

Wykorzystanie porostów do oceny zanieczyszczenia obszarów leśnych metalami ciężkimi

Kłos A., Rajfur M., Ciesielczuk T., Wacławek M., Wacławek W.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2008

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Vol. 15, nr 1

77-84

PL

Prowadzane przez nas badania mają na celu ocenę możliwości wykorzystania porostów jako biomonitorów zanieczyszczenia metalami ciężkimi obszaru Borów Stobrawskich (południowa Polska). Do badań wykorzystano porosty Hypogymnia physodes. W porostach oznaczano stężenia wybranych metali ciężkich: Cu, Ni, Pb i Zn. Wyniki badań zinterpretowano za pomocą dendrogramów, wskazujących na podobieństwa obiektów w wielowymiarowej przestrzeni zmiennych, w tym przypadku na występowanie miejsc o porównywalnej koncentracji badanych analitów: Cu, Ni i Pb. Zanieczyszczenie cynkiem zinterpretowano, uwzględniając źródła jego emisji.

EN

The aim of our investigations was estimation of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes utilization possibility for heavy metals contamination biomonitoring in Bory Stobrawskie (southern Poland). Accumulation of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in lichen was studied. The results obtained were interpreted using dendrograms revealing similar objects in multidimensional space of variables, in our work pointing out places with similar analytes concentration: Cu, Ni and Pb. The pollution with zinc was interpreted considering sources of its emission.

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Influence of time, temperature, pH and inhibitors on bioaccumulation of radiocaesium - 137Cs by lichen Hypogymnia physodes

Pipíška M., Horník M., Kočiová M., Augustín J., Lesný J.

Nukleonika

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2005

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Vol. 50,suppl.1

39-44

EN

Caesium bioaccumulation experiments were carried out at 4 to 60°C using natural samples of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes. Thalli were incubated in 2.5 mi mol.l 1 CsCl solutions labelled with 137CsCl for up to 24 h at pH values from 2 to 10. Bioaccumulation of Cs+ ions in the first phase of the lichen-CsCl solution interaction is rapid, neither pH, nor temperature dependent within the range 4 to 60°C and observed also with the lichen biomass thermally inactivated at 60°C or chemically by formaldehyde. The second phase of 137Cs bioaccumulation is time, temperature and pH dependent and is inhibited by formaldehyde and thermal inactivation. The process at the initial concentration C0 = 2.5 ěmol.l 1 CsCl and 20°C reached equilibrium within 12 hours. It can be described by the first order reaction kinetics equation: log [Ct] = 1.89 - 0.00153 t, R = 0.950. Maximal values of Cs-bioaccumulation were observed at 20°C with minimum at 4°C and 40°C and at pH 4 5 with minimum at pH 2 and pH 6. Low caesium efflux values from lichen thalli by water and 0.1 mol.l 1 neutral salts at 20°C and 24 h equilibrium were observed. Efflux characterized by distribution coefficients D = [Cs]solution/[Cs]biomass at biomass/solution ratio 1:25 (w/v, wet wt.), decreases in the order: Li+- 78 × 10 3 >NH4 + = K+ 15 × 10 3 > Cs+ = Na+ 11 × 10 3. Low extractability of caesium from lichen by water and salt solutions can explain long persistent times of radiocaesium contamination sorbed by lichens, observed by many authors in caesiumcontaminated forest and mountain regions. Hypothesis of the role of the lichen secondary metabolites as caesium binders is discussed.

8

Heavy metals sorption in lichen Hypogymnia physodes

Kłos A., Rajfur M., Wacławek M., Wacławek W.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2005

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Vol. 12, nr 12

1343-1351

EN

Sorption kinetics from solutions of same selected heavy metal cations such as Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn into Hypogymnia physodes lichen have been studied in laboratory conditions. The affinities of tested cations towards the cation active layer of lichen were determined. The possibility of cation desorption from the cation active layer in to solutions, whose composition is similar to atmospheric water, was investigated. Obtained results were analyzed in relation to the possibility of assessing the level of environmental pollution by heavy metal s on the basis of lichen composition analysis.

PL

Zbadano w warunkach laboratoryjnych kinetykę sorpcji z roztworów wybranych kationów metali ciężkich: Cu, Ni, Pb, i Zn, w porostach Hypogymnia physodes. Sorpcja, będąca wynikiem wymiany jonowej między roztworem, a warstwą kationoaktywną porostów jest procesem równowagowym. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników wyznaczono powinowactwo badanych kationów do warstwy kationoaktywnej porostów. Zbadano możliwości desorpcji kationów z warstwy kationoaktywnej w roztworach składem zbliżonym do wody atmosferycznej. Uzyskane wyniki przeanalizowano pod względem możliwości oceny poziomu zanieczyszczenia środowiska metalami ciężkimi na podstawie analizy składu porostów.

9

Kompleksy beta-diketonianowe metali w porostach i ich reakcja z ditlenkiem azotu. Badania powstających rodników iminoksylowych metodą EPR.

Jezierski A., Bylińska E., Czechowski F., Jerzykiewicz M.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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1999

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Vol. 6, nr 5-6

445-452

PL

Badano oddziaływanie [wzór] z plechami porostów. Metodą elektronowego rezonansu paramagnetycznego (EPR) stwierdzono powstanie rodników iminoksylowych o wzorze [wzór]; warunkiem powstania rodników tego typu jest obecność beta-diketonów lub innych związków z aktywną grupą metylenową, i/albo beta-diketonianowych kompleksów metali d-elektronowych. Reakcji tej sprzyjają ogólne zniszczenia wolnorodnikowe materiału. Jeśli wyrazem owych zniszczeń w plechach porostów jest, jak udowodniono uprzednio, istnienie dużych stężeń rodników typu semichinonowego, to również wydajność tworzenia się rodników iminoksylowych może być miarą ogólnego stanu środowiska, stwierdza się bowiem liniową korelację między stężeniem rodników semichininowych a wydajnością tworzenia rodników iminoksylowych pod wpływem reakcji z [wzór]. Stężenia rodników iminoksylowych generowanych w materiale pochodzenia roślinnego nie przekraczają milionowych części mola; spektroskopia EPR okazuje sie zatem bardzo czułą , aczkolwiek pośrednią metodą wykrywania związków beta-diketonowych w materiałach naturalnych.

EN

Interaction of [formula] with lichen thalli was investigated. On the basis of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) the formed iminoxy radicals of formula [formula] were detected and characterised. These radicals are synthetised when beta-diketones (or similar compounds with active methylene group) and/or metal diketonate complexes are present in the investigated materials. The reaction seems to be effective in the case of the high radical destruction of the material. On the basis of previous investigations the concentration of the semiquinone radicals in lichen thalli may be used as a measure of the environmental damage factors. The linear dependance between the concentration of the semiquinone radicals and concentrations of formed iminoxyls is observed; thus, the concentration of the iminoxyls may be used as a measure of the destructive processes in the environment. Concentrations of the iminoxyls in the lichen thalli not exceed several ppm; EPR method detecting the iminoxyls formed during reaction of beta-diketone compounds with [formula] is a sensitive analytical tool for assessment of the beta-diketones present in the lichen thalli and other natural materials.