Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Level of detail categorization for the application in urban design

Cudzik Jan, Aydoğan Muhammed, Güler Barkın Emirhan

Przestrzeń i Forma

|

2023

|

nr 55

9--28

EN

Urban planning and urban design involve complex processes that require detailed information about the visual information of a place at various scales. Different graphic tools, such as game engines, are evolving to use urban representation fields. The concept of "level of detail" (LOD) has been used to categorize the level of detail in AEC applications such as BIM and GML for urban representation models. However, there is a need to distinguish between different LOD concepts commonly used in various fields, as these terms have different interpretations and implications. This article presents a novel approach to re-categorizing the level of detail concept in AEC applications, led by the traditional use of LOD and in parallel with urban planning scales. From an urbanist perspective, a four-stage LOD classification framework has been studied: LOD 1000 for urban and neighbourhood scales, LOD 2000 for the plaza and square scales, LOD 3000 for architectural and street scales, and LOD 4000 for protected and private areas.

2

European integration and development of the EU-10 countries in view of selected social phenomena

Smolińska Kinga, Józefowicz Karolina, Bednárová Lucia

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2022

|

z. 157

509--522

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to determine the level of development in the EU-10 countrie in view of social phenomena. Design/methodology/approach: the TOPSIS method was applied to rank countries in terms of social phenomena – the list comprised countries, which in 2004 accessed the EU. The paper focused on social phenomena, i.e. health, the labour market, housing, demography and education. Findings: It refers to the basic assumptions and the importance of integration in the international context as well as the related theories. Moreover, it presents the relationship between integration and the level of development in countries in terms of the social aspects. At the same time it discusses the process of social changes which have taken place in the Central and Eastern European countries (CEESs) since their accession to the European Union. Research limitations/implications: The text discusses problems related to the European integration and social development in the EU countries. Practical implications: The manuscript concerns social development in the EU-10 countries and European integration. It may be of interest for the broadly understood governmental sector. Social consequences: Conducted studies will constitute the basis for the development of European and national development strategies in terms of improvement of welfare for the populations, while also indicating the direction of changes and ensuring comparability of the results concerning transformations in the countries, which accessed the EU in 2004. Originality/value: The originality of the study will stem from the application of the TOPSIS method, required to classify the countries and to determine the standard of their development in terms of social phenomena.

3

Model BIM na poziomie

Wasilewski Łukasz

Builder

|

2019

|

R.23, nr 9

2--4

PL

Z projektowaniem budowli z wykorzystaniem technologii BIM wiąże się kilka zagadnień, które nie występowały w projektowaniu z wykorzystaniem rysunków płaskich. Jednym z nich jest poziom zaawansowania modelu (ang. Level of Development). Skuteczne wykorzystanie technologii BIM wymaga jego znajomości, a decyzja o użyciu podczas modelowania wybranego poziomu wpływa na możliwość wykorzystania modelu w poszczególnych zadaniach procesów budowlanych. Przedmiotem artykułu jest wpływ różnic w modelach budynku, wynikających z modelowania na wybranym poziomie zaawansowania, na dokładność automatycznie wykonywanego przez oprogramowanie przedmiaru materiałowego. Różnice zostały omówione na zasadzie porównania modeli o różnych stopniach zaawansowania. W artykule omówione zostały również poziomy zaawansowania modelu określone przez American Institute of Architects.

EN

In using BIM technology in designing structures are get involved a few questions, which did not perform in designing using flat sketches. One of that is Level of Development. Subject of the article is impact of differences in buildings models on bill of quantities precision. Differences will be discuss on comparison models in different LOD’s levels.

4

Level of spatial planning culture of rural gminas in the central region of Poland

Feltynowski M.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

|

2018

|

nr II/1

293--304

EN

Spatial planning in Poland undergoes constant changes due to the activity of the legislative body. These changes to a varying extent affect the activity of local authorities of rural gminas in the scope of spatial planning. The diversity in rural gminas is especially noticed in the application of land-use plans, and consequently also the planning permissions. Similarly, this diversity concerns changing the status of farmland from agricultural to residential and deforestation of agricultural and forest land. These factors are the elements forming the level of spatial planning culture that results from the regulations forming the spatial planning system. The equivalent element that forms the spatial planning culture is use of tools available by law, taking into consideration their gradation due to their complexity. These assumptions allowed for using the Central Statistical Office’s resources to form indexes related to the area of spatial planning. These indexes became the component parts involved in the construction of Hellwig’s synthetic measures of development. By using synthetic measures, it was possible to form the classification of rural gminas in the central region of Poland due to their level of spatial planning culture. The obtained results allowed for the evaluation of the level of spatial planning culture both in the central region and in the particular voivodeships comprising the region. The obtained results enabled the analysis of spatial diversity of spatial planning culture The results also confirmed a great diversity of rural gminas regarding the adopted attitude with reference to the application of spatial planning tools. An important conclusion was the fact that a low level of spatial planning culture was identified in rural gminas located in the urban areas and in the neighbourhood of cities.

5

Zmiany korelacji stóp oszczędności i wzrostu gospodarczego w regionach o zróżnicowanym poziomie rozwoju gospodarczego

Korzeniowska A.

Ekonomia i Zarządzanie

|

2014

|

Vol. 6, no. 4

146--157

PL

W pracy przedstawiono analizę zmian, jakie w krótkim okresie nastąpiły pomiędzy oszczędnościami a wzrostem gospodarczym w wybranych regionach świata. Wykorzystano dane publikowane przez Międzynarodowy Fundusz Walutowy. Analizując dane dla lat 1980-2012 wskazano pewne tendencje charakteryzujące związki pomiędzy oszczędnościami i PKB. Ze względu na poziom rozwoju poszczególnych regionów i ich związki z gospodarką światową korelacja pomiędzy oszczędnościami a PKB w krajach rozwijających się, będących biorcami kapitału, jest dodatnia. Ujemne wskaźniki charakteryzują w długim okresie kraje wysoko rozwinięte, będące dawcami kapitału. Natomiast w krótkich okresach zmian wywołanych kryzysami zależności te ulegają zaburzeniom, a nawet odwróceniu.

EN

The paper presents the analysis of the changes that have occurred within a short period in the relationship between savings and economic growth in selected regions of the world. The data published by the International Monetary Fund were used. Certain trends in the relationship between savings and GDP have been identified after analysing data for the years 1980-2012. It was pointed out that due to the level of development of particular regions and their relationships with the global economy correlation between savings and GDP in developing countries who are recipients of capital is positive. Negative indices (in the long run) are typical for developed countries which are donors of capital. However, in the short periods of changes caused by crises the dependence of the variables mentioned above is distorted or even reversed.