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A comprehensive review of sinkhole modeling and prediction methods

Szmigiel Alicja, Tajduś Krzysztof

Archives of Mining Sciences

2025

Vol. 70, no. 2

293--312

This article presents a comprehensive overview of the problem of sinkholes in mining and post-mining areas. It analyzes the key causes and mechanisms behind sinkhole formation, taking into account both natural factors and those resulting from human activity. Special attention is given to modeling methods and risk forecasting of sinkhole occurrence, based on a review of current scientific literature and the latest technological advancements, including advanced analytical techniques, numerical modeling and machine learning methods. The aim of this study is to expand both theoretical and practical understanding of sinkhole processes and to support the development of effective risk management strategies in regions affected by intensive mining activities.

Dokumentowanie geologiczno-inżynierskie geozagrożeń w aspekcie obowiązujących przepisów prawnych

Kos Jarosław, Wójcik Antoni, Bulanda Jan

Przegląd Geologiczny

2024

Vol. 72, nr 12-2

850--859

The amendment to the Building Act, which came into force on 19 September 2020, introduced a change to the regulations related to obtaining a building permit and the need for geotechnical and geological-engineering studies. As a result of this amendment, for the purpose of obtaining a building permit, the scope of ground investigations is only carried out by drawing up a geotechnical opinion, which carries the risk of incorrectly identifying the ground. The first effects of incomplete ground investigation have already been observed in landslide or sinkhole areas. The presented examples of subsoil investigations as well as information from geological and architectural-construction authorities show emerging problems and at the same time indicate the need for legislative changes in geotechnical and engineering-geological documentation. The example of the completed Bolesław bypass shows the dangers that may occur in the case of incomplete recognition and design of an investment in a former mining area. Due to the occurrence of unfavourable geological phenomena, their detailed recognition is crucial for carrying out new investments in such areas. A different problem is the issue of difficulties in documenting geohazards in special cases connected with earthworks on the currently implemented section of the S-19 expressway. During construction works, landslide processes were activated in 2023, which led to damage to retaining structures. In such cases, it is important to take prompt action to carry out geological and engineering studies. Unfortunately, the administrative procedures related to the approval of geological works projects are lengthy, which is most often due to the need for the geological administration to notify the parties to the proceedings or the quality of geological studies. A necessary issue is the simplification of the geological law regarding the procedure for approving PRGs for geological-engineering documentation. If administrative procedures related to geological-engineering documentation are shortened and the construction law is amended, it would be possible to document areas with unfavourable geological conditions in detail at the stage of drawing up an architectural-construction project, which would avoid many problems related to inadequate recognition of the subsoil revealed during or after completion of the project.