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Potential Application of Used Coffee Grounds in Leather Tanning

Nasr Ahmed I., El Shaer Mohammed A., Abd-Elraheem Mohamed A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 3

10--19

EN

Safety of environment and human health is an essential requirement of modern industrial techniques. Therefore, using natural agents in tanning industry may emerge as a trusted method to avoid the chemical contamination caused by using traditional chromium salts in tanning process. This study aimed to evaluate the hot water extract of used coffee grounds (UCGs) as a vegetable tanning agent. The collected UCGs were dried and extracted with hot water at 90 °C for 2h. The phytochemical screening properties of UCGs extract were determined. Sufficient amount of extract was prepared to be used in leather tanning. Three groups were tanned with UCGs extract solely at concentrations of 20, 30 or 40% of pelts’ weight, while another three groups were tanned with the same concentrations and then re-tanned with 10% of a synthetic tanning agent “Phenol sulfonates”. On tanned leathers, organoleptic, physical and chemical properties were determined; scanning electron micrographs were depicted to examine the leather surface and collagen fiber bundles. Analysis of UCGs extract revealed that it has good tanning properties, as it contained tannins (14.92%), tannins/non tannins ratio (2.06), hide powder (39.57) and Stiasny number (21.16). The results of leather properties showed that using UCGs extract alone at concentration of 40% achieved the best results for the vegetable tanning where the tanned leather had higher (P<0.05) tensile strength, tearing strength and shrinking temperature than that treated with the lower level of 20% UCGs extract. However, 40% of UCGs extract is highly recommended to be used to accomplish the required shrinkage temperature that should be ≥ 70 °C. UCGs extract could be successfully used as tanning agent in vegetable tanning to produce durable leathers with good fullness; it may be used for different manufacturing products, such as footwear and bags. Moreover, using a combination of UCGs extract at any of the used concentrations with phenol sulfonates 10% led to significant improvement in all studied traits as compared with using UCGs extract alone.

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Possible Application of Using Modified Black Liquor from Rice Straw in Leather Tanning

El Shaer Mohammed A., Nasr Ahmed I., Alfawal Gamal S., Abd-Elhamed Waled, Ghaly Mohammed S., Abd-Elraheem Mohamed A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 11

197--206

EN

Ensuring environmental and human safety is a crucial requirement in modern industrial practices. Consequently, the utilization of natural substances in the tanning industry could serve as a reliable approach to prevent chemical contamination associated with the use of traditional chromium salts during the tanning process. This study aimed to assess the potential application of black liquor derived from rice straw as a tanning agent for leather. The black liquor was prepared using the Kraft method, and a modified version called modified black liquor (MBL) was created by gradually reducing the pH from 13 to 7. Subsequently, MBL was employed in the tanning of pickled sheep pelts using four different concentrations: 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of the pelts’ weight. The physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties of the resulting MBL-tanned leathers were compared with those of leathers tanned with quebracho extracts to evaluate the suitability of MBL as a tanning agent. The findings demonstrated that MBL leathers exhibited slightly lower physical and organoleptic properties when compared to the quebracho-tanned leathers. Increasing the concentration of MBL up to 30% was sufficient to enhance the properties of the tanned leathers, while concentrations exceeding this threshold did not yield any significant improvements in the leather’s properties. Consequently, the study recommends the use of MBL in leather tanning either in combination with other tanning agents or as a re-tanning agent to enhance the fullness, smoothness, and overall physical quality of the leather, thereby elevating its overall quality.

3

Wpływ zagarbowania bezchromowego na właściwości skór

Śmiechowski K., Żarłok J., Myjak W., Skiba J.

Przegląd Włókienniczy - Włókno, Odzież, Skóra

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2017

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nr 8

34--38

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości skór świńskich podszewkowych (skóry licowej i dwoiny podszewkowej) garbowanych bezchromowo. Badania prowadzono w skali przemysłowej. Garbowanie skór przeprowadzono za pomocą środków firmy Codyeco, w tym garbników na bazie biopolimerów. Oznaczono zawartość białka ogólnego i tłuszczu niezwiązanego, miękkość, temperaturę skurczu, przepuszczalność pary wodnej, wytrzymałość na rozciąganie oraz wydłużenie maksymalne skór. Otrzymane skóry charakteryzują się dobrym wypełnieniem naturalnych defektów strukturalnych skóry świńskiej, co nie wpłynęło negatywnie na przepuszczalność pary wodnej. Również uzyskana odporność hydrotermiczna jest wystarczająca dla tego rodzaju skór, a parametry wytrzymałościowe, zwłaszcza wydłużenie maksymalne, nieznacznie wyższe od wartości dopuszczalnej przez normy, jest korzystne dla tego rodzaju skór.

EN

The paper presents results on selected properties of porcine chrome-free leather on lining for footwear. The research was conducted in an industrial scale. Leather tanning was carried out by Codyeco products, including biopolymer tannins. The total protein and unbound fat content, the shrinkage temperature, water vapour permeability, tensile strength and maximum elongation of the leathers was determined. The obtained leather was characterized by a good filling of natural structural defects of porcine hides, which did not adversely affect the water vapour permeability. The resulting shrinkage temperature is sufficient for this type of leathers, and the strength parameters, especially the maximum elongation, slightly higher than the permissible value of the standard, are advantageous for this type of leather.