Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Enhancing Energy Production and Pollutants Removal in Landfill Leachate Using Anode-Modified Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells

Emalya Nikita, Tarmizi Tarmizi, Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna, Munawar Edi, Yunardi Yunardi, Fathanah Umi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 3

28--37

EN

The utilization of sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) technology presents a paradigm-shifting method for converting the chemical energy obtained from organic and inorganic compounds found in sediment and wastewater substrates into electrical energy. This concept exhibits potential as an environmentally sustainable solution within the future energy sector and presents opportunities for wastewater remediation. This study aims to investigate the influence of anode modification in the SMFC system on generating electrical energy and removing pollutants in landfill leachate. The modification entails synthesizing a nanostructured copper layer on stainless steel (Cu-SS), subsequently compared to the conventional copper (Cu) anode. Results underscore the effectiveness of anode modification, as SMFCs featuring modified anodes exhibit twice the electrical output compared to unmodified counterparts. Modified anode SMFCs yield voltage and current density readings of 615 mV and 17 mA/m2, respectively. In addition to electricity generation, the study delves into the SMFC’s efficacy in nitrogen compound removal. Experimental results unveil the impressive capability of modified anode SMFCs, achieving 81.02% removal of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), while unmodified counterparts reach 76.64%. Furthermore, the removal percentages for ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite compounds within SMFCs equipped with modified anodes are 88%, 51%, and 13%, respectively. This comprehensive analysis underscores the multifaceted benefits of anode modification, amplifying electrical output and enhancing the SMFC’s proficiency in nitrogen compound removal, thereby contributing to its potential applications in developing sustainable wastewater treatment and energy generation systems.

2

Acid Mine Drainage Prevention through the Dry Coating Method Using Fly Ash and Bottom Ash

Nugraha Hardian Aries, Setyawan Dwi, Saleh Edward

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 2

102--111

EN

Acid mine drainage poses a significant challenge in open-pit coal mining, particularly in Indonesia, necessitating the development of effective prevention and control methods. This research aimed to assess the impact of fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) coating on the mixing ratio of potentially acid-forming (PAF) and non-acid-forming (NAF) materials using a leaching column over an 8-week period. The results revealed a trend of increasing pH values and decreasing sulfate and metal concentrations in the leachate. Mixing 25% FABA in both PAF scenarios produced leachate with total concentrations of S, Fe, and Mn at 0.026 mg/L, 0.117 mg/L, and 0.677 mg/L, respectively, with a pH close to neutral (6.28). Kinetic tests indicate TDS and EC values in the resulting leachate at 1221 ppm and 2442 μs/m. This study demonstrated that PAF coating using NAF and the fly ash bottom ash (FABA) is an effective method for preventing or minimizing the generation of acid mine drainage.

3

Wstępne badania nad możliwością odzysku fosforu w oczyszczalni ścieków jako przykład gospodarki obiegu zamkniętego w kontekście odpadów biogennych

Pyssa Justyna, Małek-Paleń Patrycja

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2023

|

T. 102, nr 11

1203--1209

PL

Fosfor jest mineralnym składnikiem odżywczym koniecznym zarówno dla wzrostu roślin, jak i właściwego funkcjonowania człowieka. Przewiduje się, że złoża fosforytu mogą zostać zużyte w ciągu 100 lat, a duże zasoby fosforu występują jako typowe zanieczyszczenia w zbiornikach wodnych i glebach. W 2014 r. fosfor został zamieszczony w wykazie surowców krytycznych dla Unii Europejskiej. Dlatego niezwykle ważne jest odzyskanie fosforu w kontekście gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym iremediacji środowiska. Jednym z możliwych źródeł dużej dostępności są komunalne osady ściekowe. W pracy przedstawiono najważniejsze techniki stosowane do odzysku fosforu z odcieków, osadów ściekowych oraz popiołu z osadu ściekowego. Zestawiono również wyniki zawartości fosforu w ściekach pochodzących z Oczyszczalni Ścieków Płaszów w Krakowie. Stwierdzono, że w osadach ściekowych i w odciekach znajdują się fosforany w śladowych ilościach. Istnieje możliwość odzysku fosforu z odcieków, osadów ściekowych oraz z popiołów osadów ściekowych.

EN

The test results for the content of total P, orthophosphates, as well as BOD₅ and COD parameters in raw and biol. treated municipal and domestic sewage were obtained from annual reports for 2020-2021 provided by the sewage treatment plant. The content of orthophosphates and total P in raw sewage and sewage after the biological dephosphatation process was analyzed and the degree of P reduction was calculated in the studied time periods. The effectiveness of biological removal of P compounds was assessed based on indicators such as the ratio of BOD₅ :total P, COD:total P and COD:BOD₅.

4

Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in leachates from autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion as a potential threat to the environment in north-eastern Poland

Boruszko Dariusz, Wojciula Ada

Studia Quaternaria

|

2022

|

Vol. 39, Nr 1

15--22

EN

This paper presents the concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals in leachates from the autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD). The leachates from ATAD installations (Dąbrowa Białostocka, Hajnówka, Pisz, Olecko, Giżycko, Wysokie Mazowieckie) located in Poland were tested. The concentrations of PAHs in samples from Pisz, Giżycko, Wysokie Mazowieckie and Hajnówka were similar to those in industrial wastewater. The cluster analysis confirmed that in sites with a higher polyethylene (p.e.) input from the industrial sector, the leachates were more contaminated with PAH compounds. In samples from Dąbrowa Białostocka, Olecko, Pisz and Hajnówka, the heavy fraction of PAHs compounds prevailed over the light fraction. Concentrations of heavy metals in leachates from ATAD varied. The Ward’s method isolated the wastewater treatment plant in Giżycko. The p.e. from the industrial sector was the highest for this facility. Also, the samples from ATAD had the highest total concentration of heavy metals (5.87 mg/l). The leachates from ATAD are returned to biological systems of municipal sewage treatment plants, where they can be combined into more toxic compounds. Biological wastewater treatment processes do not ensure the removal of PAHs and heavy metals from the wastewater. As a result, harmful compounds can get into the water or ground, polluting the environment.

5

Physico-Chemical Characterization of Leachate from the Moulay Abdallah Technical Landfill Center (Morocco)

Rhoualem Faïza, El Hadiri Hassane, Oukour Nabil, Taouil Hamid, Arouyaa Khalid, Ahmed Said Ibn

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 8

241--248

EN

The physico-chemical characterization of the leachate from the Technical Landfill Center (TLC) of Moulay Abdallah (MA) which is intended for the treatment of Household Waste (HW) and Waste Assimilated to Household Waste (HWA) as well as the elaboration of the results of the study that was carried out on the leachate from the Oum Azza (OA) Technical Landfill allowed comparing the leachate from two TLCs located in two different regions and exploited in two different ways. The parameters studied are Organic Matter (OM), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) concentration, NH4+ ion concentration, conductivity, Suspended Solids (SS), Total Phosphorus (TP) and pH. The choice of these parameters comes down to their usefulness for the sizing of the leachate purification processes (PP) of the leachates of Moroccan typology, produced by the population of a coastal city. The results of the analyses show that the leachates from the two TLCs have almost the same physico-chemical characteristics. Depending on the method of management of the leachate (storage or direct discharge to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)), the evolution over time of these characteristics differed from one TLC to the other and all of the main leachate parameters from the TLC MA have all tended to increase over the time of operation. This is in contrast to the leachate parameters from the OA TLC, which all tended to decrease.

6

Impact of Landfill Leachate on Groundwater Quality – A Comparison Between Three Different Landfills in Morocco

Benaddi Rabia, Ferkan Yousra, Bouriqi Abdelillah, Ouazzani Naaila

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 11

89--94

EN

In this work, physicochemical and bacteriological analyses of leachate collected from three different landfills in the Marrakech region in Morocco were carried out. The results showed that the leachate is highly loaded with organic matter, chemical and bacteriological elements and some heavy metals, this load depends of the nature of landfill (rural or urban) and also of its age (young or old), the values of the parameters exceed the limit values for discharge into the natural medium. Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses of groundwater from wells downstream of these landfills were also carried out; The results showed that they had medium to poor quality according to the type of landfill. This is due to the presence of organic matter, total coliforms, total phosphorus and total nitrogen in many studied wells.

7

Ocena wpływu odcieków składowiskowych na przyrost wierzby energetycznej

Nowak Rafał

Instal

|

2022

|

nr 12

14--16

PL

Uprawa na szeroką skalę wierzby wiciowej, zwanej energetyczną (Salix viminalis) może przyczynić się do ograniczenia kryzysu paliwowego spowodowanego obecną sytuacją geopolityczną oraz zmniejszyć import paliw stałych do Polski. Za takim rozwiązaniem, oprócz aspektów czysto politycznych, przemawiają niskie koszty inwestycyjne, prostota uprawy oraz szybki przyrost biomasy wierzby. Szczególnie przydatne może okazać się zastosowanie odcieków składowiskowych do intensyfikacji uprawy, zamiast nawozów sztucznych. Odcieki, będące wodami odpadowymi powstającymi na składowiskach odpadów komunalnych, charakteryzują się obecnością w wysokich stężeniach związków azotu oraz mikroelementów niezbędnych do rozwoju roślin zielonych, dlatego też wykorzystanie ich uważa się za celowe.

EN

The large-scale cultivation of the energy willow (Salix viminalis) can contribute the fuel crisis caused by the current geopolitical situation and reduce the need to import solid fuels to Poland. Apart from purely political aspects, such a solution is supported by low investment costs, simplicity of cultivation, and a rapid increase in willow biomass. Using landfill leachate to intensify cultivation instead of artificial fertilizers can be particularly useful. The leachate, wastewater generated in municipal landfills, is characterized by high concentrations of nitrogen compounds and micronutrients necessary for developing green plants. Therefore their use is considered advisable.

8

Leachate Monitoring and an Assessment of Groundwater Pollution from the Tangier Landfill

Elmaghnougi Ikram, Tribak Abdelghani Afailal, Maatouk Mustapha

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 16, no. 3

111--130

EN

Leachate from public landfill in the city of Tangier, which is neither collected nor treated, could constitute a probable source of pollution of the groundwater table and of those of the Mlalah and Khandak Bou Hajjar wadis in the east, and the Mghogha and Ghir Boudra wadis to the south. This work aims to analyze the level of contamination at Tangier’s municipal waste disposal. The leachate samples were collected and analyzed during the period from 2016 to 2019 and the physicochemical parameters (humidity, pH, organic matter, etc.) were determined on these samples as well as the contents of five heavy metals (lead, cadmium, iron, chrome and zinc). Analysis of the well water shows the presence of polluting elements in the leachate water and a high concentration of metals (especially iron) that exceeds standards. This makes the effluent extremely toxic and thus presents a permanent threat to the health of the local population and the surrounding environment.

9

Integrated Aerobic-Reagent Technology for the Pre-Treatment of Leachates from Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

Malovanyy Myroslav, Zhuk Volodymyr, Boichyshyn Lidiya, Tymchuk Ivan, Vronska Nataliya, Grechanik Ruslan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, iss. 1

135--141

EN

Accumulation of leachate at municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills is a significant environmental problem. The analysis of known technologies of leachate treatment was performed. It was established that it is not effective to use the same technology to treat leachate in two different periods: before the landfill closure and reclamation process as well as afterwards. The application of integrated two-stage aerobic-reagent pre-treatment technology with subsequent full treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants was proposed for these purposes. The results of laboratory studies of optimal parameters of technology realization for the pre-treatment of Lviv MSW landfill leachate were presented. Recommendations for the practical implementation of the combined two-stage aerobicreagent technology for the landfill leachate pre-treatment were developed.

10

Occurrence and Characteristics of Microplastics in Leachate at a Large Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

Ormaniec Paulina

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

|

2022

|

Vol. 32, no. 4

105--115

EN

Due to the widespread occurrence and the potential threat to the environment, plastic materials are currently a growing problem of environmental protection in the world. Plastics whit dimensions not exceeding 5 mm are called microplastics. One of the main sources of microplastics in the aquatic environment are municipal wastewater treatment plants. The paper presents the results of research on the presence of microplastics in leachate from sludge processing at a large municipal wastewater treatment plant. The leachate was divided into the leachate produced in the processes of sludge thickening and dewatering. The analysis of the isolated microplastics included a physical analysis, which focuses on determining size, shape, and color of the isolated material. The next step was the chemical identification of the microplastic, where the type of polymer of the tested material was confirmed by means of Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared. Among the isolated microplastic particles, almost a half was identified as fragments, and a smaller amount was confirmed for the presence of foil, fibers, foams and granules. The identified particles were plastic materials, including polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene or poly(terephthalate). Based on the results of the conducted research, the mass of microplastics in leachate was characterized and determined.

11

Shallow Groundwater Pollution Index Around the Location of Griyo Mulyo Landfill (Jabon Landfill) in Jabon District, Sidoarjo Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Tangahu Bieby Voijant, Kartika Anak Agung Gde, Sambodho Kriyo, Marendra Sheilla Megagupita Putri, Arliyani Isni

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 3

199--210

EN

The leachate coming from the landfill is a serious problem. This is because the leachate water can contaminate the wells of the residents around the landfill. This research was conducted at Jabon Landfill located in Jabon District of Sidoarjo Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Jabon Landfill has been operating since 2003 with a controlled landfill system that has triggered environmental risks due to the leachate output. The purpose of this study was to determine the classification of the shallow groundwater quality status based on the pollution index (PI) around Jabon Landfill at a distance of around 250 meters, 500 meters and 1,000 meters from the landfill. The pollution index was determined by analyzing the pollutant concentration consisting of these following parameters: pH, BOD, COD and Fe. The results of the analysis show that the pH parameter had a higher value than the pH at Jabon Landfill of 7.2–7.5. The pH at Jabon Landfill was 6.35. The Fe parameter shows that the value of 1.694 in the groundwater well closest to Jabon Landfill and the wells further away indicates that the Fe concentration was lower for the latter, namely 0.081 at a distance of up to 200 meters. On the basis of the Pollution Index, the highest value was 5.45 at Well 7 is located 196 m from Jabon Landfill. Meanwhile, the well furthest from Jabon Landfill at a distance of 1,000 m showed a lightly polluted status with a Pollution Index of 1.91. The further the location of the well away from Jabon Landfill, the Pollution Index value tended to decrease. This means that the pollution status generally improves. Overall, the pollution status of the 18 wells shows that 2 wells are moderately polluted, 15 wells are lightly polluted and 1 well is in good condition.

12

Plant Diversity in a Constructed Wetland for Pollutant Parameter Processing on Leachate: A Review

Arliyani Isni, Tangahu Bieby Voijant, Mangkoedihardjo Sarwoko

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 4

240--255

EN

The leachate from landfill constitutes high pollutant. The high pollutant content impacts the public and ecosystem health surrounding the landfill site. Therefore, it is essential to process the leachate first before its disposal to water body. Landfill leachate processing can be carried out using three processes, i.e., physical-chemical, biological, and a combination of those. A constructed wetland is currently considered as an environmentally friendly technology to tackle water pollution and leachate. Another advantage of a constructed wetland is the low operational cost and natural maintenance, so it can be a solution related to the cost, technical, and operating system problems of conventional processing. This article aimed to discover the characteristic differences of landfill leachate, constructed wetland installation position, and types of plants used in the constructed wetland. This article was written using the literature reviews from experimental studies on water processing with the same parameter for leachate and leachate processing. The literature review result shows that landfill leachate processing depends on different leachate characteristics. The toxic quality of landfill leachate was found through a toxicity test. Leachate treated by the physical-chemical process contains toxic and non-biodegradable organic substances. Hence, the physical-chemical methods should be applied at the beginning of the process and coupled with the biological method at the end of the process to improve the treatment quality. A constructed wetland with diverse plants was found to be more effective in biomass distribution, less prone to seasonal variations, and had a more diverse microbe population than the constructed wetland with a single plant.

13

Struvite precipitation from the liquid fraction of the digestate of a municipal waste biogas plant

Urbanowska Agnieszka, Polowczyk Izabela, Kabsch-Korbutowicz Małgorzata

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 47, nr 4

85--99

EN

Currently, municipal waste biogas plant digestate is treated both as an alternative fertilizer and as a potential source of water. In practice, before advanced purification technologies, the liquid fraction of the digestate is subjected to pretreatment, aiming also at recovering the dissolved nutrients and making them into a concentrated fertilizer, e.g., by struvite precipitation. In this study, the possibility of struvite (MgNH4PO4 center dot 6H2O) precipitation from the liquid fraction of municipal digestate was determined. In the experiments, MgCl2 and NaH2PO4 were added to the treated solution as a complementary source of magnesium and phosphorus. Their doses were chosen to achieve the most favorable conditions for controlling struvite precipitation. The results obtained confirmed the possibility of struvite precipitation from the liquid fraction of municipal digestate. The process realized for pH 9.0, temperature 20-23 degrees C, molar ratio N:Mg:P = 5.13:1:1 and 1:1.1:1.1, reaction time 5 min with a stirring rate of 160 rpm, provides a high efficiency of struvite precipitation from the liquid fraction of digestate. From the viewpoint of process economics (less amount of reactants added with similar process efficiency), a molar ratio of N:Mg:P = 1:1.1:1.1 was found to be optimal for the reaction of precipitation.

14

Physicochemical Characterization of the Leachate of the Tamelast Landfill Site, Grand Agadir (Morocco)

Asouam Saadia, Arabi Mourad, Faik Farid, El Morjani Zine El Abidine, Abioui Mohamed, Diaz Luis F., Kostyuchenko Yuriy

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, iss. 5

65--72

EN

During the last decade, the Grand Agadir has faced a huge production of solid waste, similarly to all other Moroccan cities. Indeed, these solid wastes are composed of the organic matter fraction in 77%. This solid waste is buried in the landfill of Tamelast, which, with its undersized leachate storage ponds, is the source of many environmental problems. Thus, the development of a landfill site meeting environmental standards has become an urgent need. This study aims to highlight the current state of waste management in Grand Agadir, while assessing the polluting load of leachate produced at the Tamelast landfill. This was achieved by taking samples of young leachate at the outlet of the purge, followed by medium and old leachate from the storage tanks (Pond N°2 & N°3). In addition to the olfactory nuisances still persistent at the landfill area, the results of the physicochemical characterization showed that the leachates produced, if not treated effectively, would generate great environmental and health risks to the surrounding environments, by their high organic and mineral load. The electrical conductivity reflecting the mineral load, reaches a maximum value of 130 mS/cm and a minimum value of 16 mS/cm. The maximum measured values of BOD5 and COD were, 43251 mgO2/L and 90240 mgO2/L, respectively, indicating high biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic pollutant load. Total dry solids ranges between 231 mg/l and 9696 mg/l, which exceeds the allowable discharge limits for liquid pollutant. The analysis of heavy metals has shown strong values in terms of Iron, Silver, Nickel, and Manganese, which, similarly, exceed the limits of the standards for liquid pollutants released into natural fields.

15

Characteristics of fulvic acids generated in communes waste landfills

Orliński Tomasz, Anielak Anna M.

Archives of Environmental Protection

|

2021

|

Vol. 47, no. 1

41--52

EN

The leachate problem is important and difficult to solve in Poland and in the world. The composition and their properties leachates depend on the age of the landfill, type of waste, climatic conditions and the mode of operation of the landfill. A significant part of landfilled waste is subject to so-called humification. This process stabilizes organic substances in the landfill and creates humic substances that penetrate into the leachate. The leaks contain many toxic impurities, such as PAHs, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and other substances hazardous to human health and life, which can be sorbed by humic substances. Leachates from three municipal landfills, differing in the characteristics of the stored waste, were studied. Fulvic acids (FAs) were extracted on the basis of affinity for specific solvents along with the use of sorption. The obtained acids were subjected to a qualitative analysis of the content of micro-impurities, essential elements forming the structure of the fulvic acid molecule, and their infrared spectra were tested. It has been noticed that with the age of waste deposited, the content of elemental carbon increases, and the amount of oxygen and hydrogen decreases. The degree of purity of fulvic acids was influenced by the time of waste storage, and the sulfur content depended on their characteristics. With the time of waste storage, the characteristics of the acids obtained were approaching humic acids, and the intensity of absorption bands clearly increased. The spectra obtained correlate well with those of fulvic acids available in the literature, and the findings provide scientific confirmation of the need for further research on the characteristics of fulvic acids.

PL

Porównanie charakterystyk kwasów fulwowych wydobywanych z odcieków z trzech różnych składowisk komunalnych, różniących się charakterystyką składowanych odpadów, czasem ich unieszkodliwiania oraz sposobem funkcjonowania składowiska. Materiałem użytym do badań były odcieki z trzech różnych składowisk komunalnych. Kwasy fulwowe ekstrahowano na podstawie powinowactwa do określonych rozpuszczalników oraz adsorpcji na złożu jonitowym i kationitowym. Ilość kwasów fulwowych określono wagowo. Otrzymane kwasy fulwowe analizowano pod kątem składu pierwiastkowego i widm FT-IR. Zauważono wyraźną korelację pomiędzy wiekiem składowiska odpadów, a zawartością węgla i tlenu w badanych kwasach fulwowych. Zawartość siarki wynikała jedynie z rodzaju składowanych odpadów. Wraz z wiekiem składowania odpadów, czystość kwasów fulwowych maleje, rośnie stopień zaromatyzowania cząsteczki, a charakterystyka kwasów fulwowych zbliża się do kwasów huminowych. Wiek składowania znacząco wpływa na intensywność pasm absorbancji. Każdy z badanych odcieków zawierał znaczną ilość kwasów fulwowych, które były znacząco zanieczyszczone substancjami nieorganicznymi. Kwasy fulwowe wykazały wysoką aktywność chemiczną, co powoduje, że stają się nośnikami toksycznych mikrozanieczyszczeń. W typowych procesach zachodzących na oczyszczalniach ścieków oraz zakładach uzdatniania wody, kwasy fulwowe nie są usuwane, przez co stwarzają zagrożenie dla życia ludzi. Jedynie poznanie szczegółowej charakterystyki kwasów fulwowych, pozwoli na opracowanie zadowalających metod nie tylko usuwania i oczyszczania kwasów ale również wykorzystywania na przykład do nawożenia gleby. Nadal skład elementarny oraz charakterystyka budzi ogromne kontrowersje wśród badaczy. Dlatego niezwykle ważne są dalsze badania odkrywające każdą kolejną część tych zagadkowych substancji.

16

Modelling the migration of anthropogenic pollution from active municipal landfill in groundwaters

Ciuła Józef

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

|

2021

|

Vol. 14, no. 2

81--90

EN

Landfill requires a systematic monitoring of its impact on groundwater and surface waters. The paper presents the modeling of pollution migration for cases when leachate penetrates the aquifer layer. For this purpose, a conceptual hydrodynamic model of the aquifer was developed in the program Visual ModFlow Pro, which is a spatial two-layer model. Chloride ion was used as an indicator defining the rate of pollution migration. The results of calculations and modeling of pollution migration in soil-water conditions demonstrated that it is practically impossible for pollutants to penetrate the aquifer, since a sufficient protection is provided by artificial insulation and a layer of sandy clays. A potential pollution migration to groundwater can only occur after a rupture - damage to the insulation layer. In such a case, vertical infiltration will be taking place in the 4aeration zone for a relatively long period, while the migration of pollutants already in the saturation zone (hydrated) will be taking place at a relatively high speed.

17

Recovery of Leachate from Everbearing Strawberry Cultivation as an Element of Retardation

Kopeć Michał, Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika, Gondek Krzysztof, Zaleski Tomasz, Bogdał Stanisław, Bieniasz Monika, Błaszczyk Jan, Kaczmarczyk Elżbieta, Knaga Jarosław, Łapczyńka-Kordon Bogusława, Nawrocki Jacek, Pniak Michał

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 7

197--203

EN

Due to the scale of leachate formation in soilless crop technologies, water and nutrient management is becoming more and more important and can determine the production efficiency. Closed systems, including recirculation or recovery of leachate from fertilisation, are an opportunity to retard unfavourable nutrients and water, which has become an important element of modern technology and has a significant environmental impact. Re-application of leachate, despite very low concentrations of macroand microelements, must be performed taking into account the properties of the substrate/soil, the requirements of the plant and the dose of leachate. In the case of maize cultivation on two soils, irrigation of the crop with leachate from soilless strawberry production led to the soil salinization. From the point of view of the leachate fertiliser value, the source of water for fertigation and the component concentration in the media, which can cause ion imbalance, remain important.

18

Possibilities of Leachate Co-Treatment Originating from Biogas Production in the Deammonification Process

Majtacz Joanna, Grubba Dominika, Kowal Przemysław, Czerwionka Krzysztof

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 1

14--19

EN

In the methane fermentation process, sewage sludge is the single substrate or serves as a co-substrate with the addition of various waste products. After the treatment stable digestate is obtained, which consists of two phases solid and liquid. Liquid phase, called as a leachate, due to the high content of nutrients must be treated before they are discharged into the final receiver. Physical and chemical methods of leachate treatment are usually expensive and difficult to maintain. Application of biological methods seems to be promising in such applications, however number of papers focused on such issue is limited. The aim of the presented study was to determine the treatment possibility of leachate generated during co-fermentation of agricultural products (bovine slurry) and excessive activated sludge in the deammonification process. During the experiment dewatered digestate from the mesophilic co-fermentation of bovine slurry and excessive active sludge, were co-treated with synthetic wastewater in a 1:3 weight ratio in the sequencing bath reactor. In the final test period, the Superfloc C494VP polyelectrolyte (from Kemira) was dosed into the leachate in order to enhance solids removal. AUR, NPR and AA were calculated to evaluate the deammonification process. It turns out that it is possible to co-treat leachate from biogas plants in C/N ratio no more than 1. The test also noted that a better oxidation effect of NH4 N was noted by adding polyelectrolyte to leachate. On the other hand, this negatively affected the viscosity of the granules and their sticking.

19

Impact of the Municipal Solid Waste Typology on Leachate Flow Under Semi-Arid Climate – A Case Study

Arabi Mourad, Sbaa Mohamed, Vanclooster Marnik, Darmous Ahmed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2020

|

Vol. 21, nr 6

94--101

EN

As recently created, the landfill site of Oujda, Morocco receives an annual flow of municipal solid wastes of 140000 tons. It became clear that the leachate storage ponds were undersized compared to the actually emanating flows. With no adequate treatment, the storage time of leachates in deep and anaerobic ponds increase and produce olfactory nuisances directly affecting the air quality of the nearest agglomerations. The monitoring of leachate flows during a year, showed the daily average production of 126 m3 (annual cumulative leachate is 46800 m3). Thus, highest volumes were recorded during the summer season (4716 m3 in July 4945 m3 in August, and 4927 m3 in September) with a monthly average rate of 3700 m3. In addition, the monitoring of leachate flows exhibits seasonal variations. Simultaneously, the MSW’s typology and moisture content study showed the dominance of organic matter (73%) and high moisture content (63.5%). The results obtained are an essential asset for any decision in order to achieve appropriate leachates treatment with a possibility of recirculation into the landfill cells to enhance removal of their toxic contents.

20

Characteristics of Sludge Node Operation at Wastewater Treatment Plant in Żory

Zdebik Dariusz, Zawadzki Piotr, Pieczonka Michał

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2019

|

Tom 21, cz. 2

1445--1460

EN

The purpose of this work was to analyze work of the sludge part of the wastewater treatment plant in Żory. During the analysed period (years 2015-2017) the wastewater treatment plant in Żory worked in conditions typical for the municipal facilities. The characterization of the sludge generated in the wastewater treatment process has also shown that the sludge properties are typical for the municipal wastewater treatment plants. Based on the data provided by the PWiK Sp. z o. o. in Żory. the characteristics of the technological process were made. This characteristics in a detailed way includes the sludge part of the treatment plant. The analysis of the functioning of the sludge part was performed and the influence of the pollutants load in leachates on the effectiveness of work in the main technological line was characterized. Studies on the functioning of the sludge part showed discrepancies between the design status of the wastewater treatment plant and the real state. This is due to the increasing amount of the wastewater flowing into the treatment plant and the associated increase in the amount of the occurring sludge. The belt press and the digested sludge tank are particularly loaded. The belt press works for about 11.9 h/d with assumed 4.1 h/d. In turn. the residence time of the sludge in the digested sludge tank is about 3 times shorter than assumed. Despite the observed. increasing concentrations of pollutants and the amount of treated wastewater. the plant meets the legal requirements regarding the quality of the wastewater discharged to the receiver by the water-legal permit and the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment. Based on the results of laboratory tests of the wastewater and leachates generated in the process of dewatering on the filter presses. their impact on the efficiency of treatment in the main technological line was characterized. The amount of leachates in relation to the amount of the wastewater flowing into the treatment plant was 1.8%. The leachates had high content of ammonium nitrogen. total phosphorus and total suspended solids. The average concentrations of these parameters were: SNNH4 = 592.6 mg/dm3, SNog = 664.8 mg/dm3, SPog = 197.7 mg/dm3 and SZog = 1100.9 mg/dm3. The average values of BOD5 and COD indices were SBOD5 = 66.4 mg/dm3, and SCOD = 386.9 mg/dm3. The leachates coming from the filter presses carried a significant load of total phosphorus. which constituted on average 27.3% of the total load flowing into the treatment plant. as well as the total suspension and total nitrogen. which maximum load constituted 7.3% (Zog) and 11.8% (Nog) of the total load flowing into the treatment plant. The ratio of COD/BOD5 indices of pollutants of the leachates from the presses was 5.83. which indicated the introduction of hardly biodegradable compounds into the main technological line. In order to increase the efficiency of nitrogen removal in the main technological line it was proposed the implementation of deammonification process of the leachates from the sludge dewatering. aiming to reduce the ammonium nitrogen load. introduced to the biological part of the treatment plant.

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy była analiza pracy części osadowej oczyszczalni ścieków w Żorach. Oczyszczalnia ścieków w Żorach w analizowanym okresie (lata 2015-2017) pracowała w warunkach typowych dla miejskich obiektów komunalnych. Również charakterystyka osadów powstających w procesie oczyszczania ścieków wykazała. że właściwości osadów są typowe dla miejskich oczyszczalni ścieków. Na podstawie danych udostępnionych przez PWiK Sp. z o.o. w Żorach. dokonano charakterystyki procesu technologicznego. Charakterystyka w sposób szczegółowy uwzględnienia część osadową oczyszczalni. Dokonano analizy funkcjonowania części osadowej oraz scharakteryzowano wpływ ładunku zanieczyszczeń w odciekach na skuteczność pracy w głównym ciągu technologicznym. Badania dotyczące funkcjonowania części osadowej wykazały rozbieżności między stanem projektowym oczyszczalni ścieków. a stanem rzeczywistym. Wynika to z faktu zwiększającej się ilości ścieków dopływających na oczyszczalnię oraz związanym z tym przyrostem ilości powstających osadów. Szczególnie obciążone w układzie są prasa taśmowa oraz zbiornik osadu przefermentowanego. Prasa taśmowa pracuje przez około 11.9 h/d przy zakładanych 4.1 h/d. Z kolei czas przebywania osadów w zbiorniku osadu przefermentowanego jest około 3 razy krótszy od zakładanego. Pomimo obserwowanych. zwiększających się stężeń zanieczyszczeń oraz ilości oczyszczanych ścieków. oczyszczalnia spełnia wymagania prawne dotyczące jakości ścieków odprowadzanych do odbiornika nadane przez pozwolenie wodnoprawne oraz Rozporządzenie Ministra Środowiska. W opraciu o wyniki badań laboratoryjnych ścieków i odcieków powstałych w procesie odwadniania na prasach filtracyjnych.scharakteryzowano ich wpływ na skuteczność oczyszczania w głównym ciągu technologicznym. Ilość odcieków w stosunku do ilości ścieków dopływających do oczyszczalni wynosiła 1.8%. W odciekach stwierdzono wysoką zawartość azotu amonowego. fosforu ogólnego oraz zawiesiny ogólnej. Średnie stężenia wymienionych parametrów wynosiły: SNNH4 = 592.6 mg/dm3, SNog = 664.8 mg/dm3, SPog = 197.7 mg/dm3 oraz SZog = 1100.9 mg/dm3. Średnie wartości wskaźników BOD5 oraz COD wynosiły SBOD5 = 66.4 mg/dm3 i SCOD = 386.9 mg/dm3. Odcieki z pras filtracyjnych niosły znaczny ładunek fosforu ogólnego. który stanowił średnio 27.3% całkowitego ładunku dopływającego do oczyszczalni oraz zawiesiny ogólnej i azotu ogólnego. których ładunek maksymalny stanowił 7.3% (Zog) oraz 11.8% (Nog) całkowitego ładunku dopływającego do oczyszczalni. Stosunek wskaźników zanieczyszczeń COD/BOD5 odcieków z pras wynosił 5.83. co wskazywało na wprowadzanie do głównego ciągu technologiczne związków trudno rozkładalnych. W celu zwiększenia efektywności usuwania azotu w głównym ciągu technologicznym zaproponowano implementację procesu deamonifikacji odcieków z odwadniania osadów w celu redukcji ładunku azotu amonowego wprowadzanego do części biologicznej oczyszczalni.