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Changes in carbon storage of Masson Pine Forests along a latitudinal gradient with different stand structures in Southern China

Wu Qiang, Ma Hengyun, Peng Yuanying, Yan Wende, Pan Deng

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 3-4

137--155

EN

The spatial patterns of carbon pool in landscape vary greatly with variation of forest structures and climate conditions. In this field study, the carbon storage in overstory, understory, litter layer of plants and soil carbon in forests was investigated in 26-28 year-old Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) pure and mixed forests along a latitudinal gradient (20–30 °N) crossing Hunan and Guangxi provinces of China, during the period of May 2015–August 2017. We found that the total carbon storage in Masson pine forests ranged 88.92–149.41 Mg/ha, of which 54.03% occurred in aboveground compound and 45.97% occurred belowground. The overall total carbon storage distribution was 34.62–68.72 Mg/ha, 3.82–10.19 Mg/ha, 2.37–3.96 Mg/ha, and 6.06–12.08 Mg/ha in stems, branches, leaves, and roots, respectively. The carbon storage in the overstory of forest stands and forest soils significantly decreased with increasing latitude, while the carbon storage in the understory and litter of the forest stands significantly increased as the latitude increased. The overall carbon storage significantly decreases by 8.26 Mg/ha in Masson pine forests as the latitude increased by one degree. The carbon storage increased by 8.43% in Masson pine mixed forests compared to the pure forest stands after the transformation from the pure forest stands into the mixed forest stands ∼ 15 years later. The results of changes in carbon storage in the studied forests with the latitudinal gradient could be attributed to variations in hydrothermal conditions with changing latitudes. The forest structure with different tree species composition was another important factor regulating carbon storage in forest ecosystems at the same latitude. The results provided a scientific basis for better understanding of latitudinal variation and spatial distribution of carbon storage in Masson pine forest stands with optimal forest stand structures in subtropical region of China.

2

The investigation of relationship of heating and cooling degree hour calculations for Southeastern Anatolia Region with altitude, latitude and longitude

Yucel A., Atilgan A., Oz H., Saltuk B.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2016

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nr III/1

673--683

EN

Degree-day values can be calculated using climatic data. Thus, seasonal, monthly, daily and hourly energy requirements for heating and cooling in buildings can be calculated. The effect of outside ambient temperature can be determined by means of the degree-day method in determining the basic temperature values in buildings. The altitude and latitude affect significantly the temperature distribution in the Earth. Thus, the latitude and altitude values are required to determine the degree hour values. This study was taken in 9 provinces located in the Southeastern Anatolia Region (SAR). The annual outdoor dry-bulb thermometer temperatures for a long period of nine provinces in the SAR were obtained to determine heating and cooling degree hour values according to the six different base temperatures. According to the suggested six different base temperature values, the cumulative long-term annual heating degree-hour (HDH) value was 50862 in total for Gaziantep province. The lowest cumulative long-term annual heating degree-hour value took place in Sanliurfa province as 39638. Also, the highest total cooling degree-hour (CDH) value took place in Sanliurfa province as 10886 degree-hour value and the lowest value took place in Sirnak province as 3909. It was determined that there was not an exact linear or monotonous relationship between HDH and CDH values and altitude, latitude and longitude values. However, although it was seen that the relationship of CDH values with the altitude was not a formal linear or monotonous relationship, it was determined that CDH values decreased linearly together with the increasing altitude values when the values were examined.

3

Positioning photovoltaic panels to optimal use of solar energy

Korzybski W., Rode H.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdów / Politechnika Warszawska

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2013

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z. 4/95

83--88

EN

The paper presents the problem of positioning solar panels in relation to the position of the sun. Posted necessary mathematical relations, defining the direction of solar radiation in the horizontal coordinate system. Additionally prepared an application that generates variable charts of position the sun for different geographical coordinates. In the future the simulations of positioning mechanism are planned in the CAD (computer-aided design) systems. This results allow to build a prototype and continuing research on the actual model.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problem pozycjonowania paneli słonecznych w stosunku do pozycji Słońca. Zamieszczono niezbędne zależności matematycznych, określające kierunek promieniowania słonecznego w horyzontalnym układzie współrzędnych. Dodatkowo przygotowano aplikację, która generuje zmienne wykresy pozycji Słońca dla różnych współrzędnych geograficznych. W przyszłości są planowane symulacje mechanizmu pozycjonowania w systemach CAD (komputerowo wspomaganego projektowanie). Wyniki obliczeń i symulacji pozwolą zbudować prototyp i kontynuować badania rzeczywistego modelu.

4

Ideal traffic system creator

Pochmara J., Świetlicka A., Majchrzycki M., Kolanowski K., Szulta A., Szablata P., Pałasiewicz J.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2012

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Vol. 53, nr 4

51-53

EN

In our publication we focus on monitoring logistics maps with the GSM/GPS communication system. An influence map was used for optimization of the trace route. Information collected from GPS transmitters is processed and presented with additional help from Google Maps technology and detailed graphs. Stored data might be used to design new streets and highways, preventing from formations of traffic jams, increasing safety within specified locations, planning fastest roads for logistic business, choosing police control places and many more. Presented solution covers technology born in traffic control industry and many modern computer applications.

PL

Publikacja porusza temat monitoringu map logistycznych z użyciem systemu komunikacji w systemie GSM/GPS. W celach optymalizacji dróg namierzania, w pracy wykorzystana została mapa wpływów. Informacje zebrane z nadajników GPS zostają przetworzone i zwizualizowane z pomocą technologii Google Maps oraz rozbudowanych schematów. Przechowywane informacje mogą zostać użyte do projektowania nowych ulic i autostrad, zapobiegania formowania się korków drogowych, wzrostu bezpieczeństwa w wyznaczonych lokacjach, planowaniu najszybszych dróg przejazdu dla branży logistycznej, wyboru optymalnych miejsc kontroli policyjnych oraz wielu innych zastosowań. Zaprezentowane rozwiązanie wykorzystuje technologie stosowane w sektorze operowania ruchem drogowych oraz w wielu nowoczesnych aplikacjach komputerowych.

5

Life History Strategies Of Fish : Patterns In Growth And Lifespan Of Rudd Scardinius Erythrophthalmus (L.) In Europe

Tarkan A., Lappalainen J., Nurminen L., Horppila J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 1

191-196

EN

Variation in life history strategies of rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.) in Europe was evaluated based on published sources. The growth and lifespan were analysed as the main variables in life strategies of any fish. The results revealed that total length (TL) at age 1 year was correlated with latitude and faster growth during the first growing season leads to a shorter lifespan in Europe. Variation in length at age 1 year was more pronounced in southern (40-46[degress]N: mean TL = 84.6 mm, SD = 27.2, n = 9) than in northern populations (49-61[degress]N: mean TL = 46.4 mm, SD = 4.2, n = 10). Thus, rudd can show different life history strategies in southern populations whereas in northern populations these options are few.

6

Expandable GSM and GPS systems simulator

Pochmara J., Pałasiewicz J., Szablata P.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2010

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Vol. 51, nr 11

60-63

PL

Publikacja prezentuje propozycję implementacji prostego symulatora systemów GPS i GSM. Moduł został przystosowany do instalacji rozszerzeń zapewniających dodatkową funkcjonalność. Urządzenie pozwala na praktyczne wykorzystanie przewagi technologii bezprzewodowej w wielu złożonych zastosowaniach. Połączenie protokołu NMEA oraz języka komend AT sprawiło, że prezentowany system jest kompatybilny z najnowszymi standardami obowiązującymi w branży telekomunikacyjnej. Projekt generuje efekty spotykane w wysoko-budżetowych rozwiązaniach korzystając z podzespołów oferowanych w dostępnych cenach. Dzięki wykorzystaniu popularnego standardu krótkich wiadomości (SMS) oraz światowego systemu nawigacji (GPS), prezentowany moduł może zostać użyty w każdym projekcie, który wykorzystuje powyższe technologie. System może służyć do symulowania zachowań telefonu komórkowego, śledzenia innych urządzeń, lokalizowania nadajników i prezentowania otrzymanych danych na dowolnej mapie. Projekt sprawdzi się również w złożonych procesach obliczeniowych.

EN

This paper proposes and implements a simple extendable GSM and GPS systems simulator. It allows user to learn advantages of modern wireless technology and use it in many complicated solutions. By combining NMEA protocol and AT commands, system is compatible with newest standards in telecommunication industry. Project uses low cost hardware to produce effects that are nowadays only seen in very expensive solutions. By utilizing popular short messages standard (SMS) with worldwide working GPS system, it is possible to make use of presented module in any project involving wireless technology. This system is useful for simulating mobile phone, tracking device, localizing beacon within map range and using module for more complex data calculating processes.