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The Content of Heavy Metals in the Soil and Litterfall an a Beech-Pine-Spruce Stand in Northern Poland

Jonczak J., Parzych A.

Archives of Environmental Protection

2014

Vol. 40, no. 4

67--77

The concentrations of Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn in the soil and litterfall, as well as influx of the elements to the soils with litterfall were studied in a mixed beech-pine-spruce stand in northern Poland during the years 2007–2009. Annual influx of litterfall to the soil amounted from 3.234 to 4.871 t/ha. Beech, pine and spruce litterfall contributed in total litterfall in 50.8−70.1%, 11.4−11.9% and 1.6−24.0% respectively. The following average annual concentrations of heavy metals in total litterfall during the 3-year study period were noticed: 2469.3–3469.2 mg Mn/kg, 153.6–160.8 mg/kg Zn, 8.0–14.3 mg Ni/kg and 5.0–6.8 mg Cu/kg. In general, the concentrations of Mn and Cu were higher in beech litterfall in comparison to pine and spruce. The contents of Zn and Ni in beech, pine and spruce litterfall were comparable. Annual influx of metals to the soil with litterfall was: 10341.6–14422.4 g/ha Mn, 460.3–748.1 g/ha Zn, 37.4–66.6 g/ha Ni and 20.2–31.8 g/ha Cu. The fluxes were higher for Mn, Zn and Ni, and comparable for Cu in relation to those observed in other beech, pine, spruce and mixed stands in northern Europe.

W latach 2007–2009, w drzewostanie bukowo-sosnowo-świerkowym zlokalizowanym na obszarze Polski Północnej, prowadzono badania zawartości Cu, Mn, Ni i Zn w glebie i opadzie roślinnym oraz dopływu tych składników do gleby z opadem. Roczna produkcja opadu roślinnego w okresie badań wynosiła od 3.234 do 4.871 t/ha. W całkowitej jego masie udział opadu buka wynosił 50.8−70.1%, sosny 11.4−11.9%, a świerka 1.6−24.0%. Średnie ważone roczne stężenia badanych metali w opadzie roślinnym mieściły się w przedziale: 2469.3–3469.2 mg Mn/kg, 153.6–160.8 mg Zn/kg, 8.0–14.3 mg Ni/kg i 5.0–6.8 mg Cu/kg. Na ogół wyższe stężenia Mn i Cu obserwowano w opadzie buka w porównaniu z opadem sosny i świerka, a zawartość Zn i Ni była porównywalna. Roczny dopływ metali do gleby z opadem roślinnym wynosił: 10341.6–14422.4 g Mn/ha, 460.3–748.1 g Zn/ha, 37.4–66.6 g Ni/ha i 20.2–31.8 g Cu/ha. Na tle danych uzyskanych przez innych autorów w drzewostanach bukowych, sosnowych, świerkowych i mieszanych występujących w Europie Północnej, odnotowany w badanym drzewostanie dopływ Mn, Zn i Ni był większy, a Cu porównywalny.

Zmiany stanów i zapasów wody w lesie mieszanym świeżym na obszarze Leśnego Kompleksu Promocyjnego Lasy Rychtalskie

Korytowski M., Szafrański C.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

2012

Tom 14

673--682

The paper presents the results of researches carried out in hydrological year 2008/2009 in fresh mixed broadleaved forest habitat located in neighborhood pond No. 6 in Laski Forestry. The forests of this forestry are located at Siemianice Experimental Forest Farm of Poznan. University of Life Sciences. The predominant tree species is 100 year old pine. In the soil cover of this habitat dominated dear brown soils, and the most common type of soil is loamy sand, covering silty clay deposits. Analysis of groundwater levels and water storage changes was carried out in two soil profiles typical for fresh mixed broadleaved forest habitat. Analysis of hydrological year 2008/2009 was normal rainfall total was 579 mm and it was 7 mm higher, than multiannual average, while the air temperature was nearing from average. Winter half-year was medium dry rainfall total was 46 mm less, than multiannual average. Whereas medium air temperature was higher 0,4 C than average. Summer half-year analysis year was medium wet rainfall total was higher 53 mm than multiannual average, while the air temperature was nearing from average. The researches carried out indicate that in winter half-year 2008/2009 was in analysis habitat income water storages in layer 0-100 cm and from 100 cm to lowest groundwater level. Total income retention in this half-year was at level 204 mm in profile 1.1' to 370 mm in profile 2.6. Whereas in medium dry winter half-year, in influence intensive forests habitat transpiration, occurred losses retention in analysis forest habitat. Total losses retention in this half-year was about 277 m (2.6) to 467 mm (1.1'). Result of the researches confirmed also, that retention in fresh forest habitats was determined to a large extent by water storage changes in layer from 100cm to lowest ground water level. This factors determinate total water storage changes in winter, and summer half-year analysis year. Ascertain also that in analysis hydrological year in investigation forest habitat occurred losses water storages oscillate from 73 mm to 97 mm.