Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Landslide survey at Cam Mountain (An Giang, Vietnam) by seismic refraction and GPR methods

Nguyen Giang Van, Nguyen Dung Quang, Le Thanh Ngoc

Archives of Mining Sciences

|

2023

|

Vol. 68, no. 4

603--620

EN

Cam Mountain in An Giang Province, Vietnam, is a granite peak that is severely fractured and eroded on its slopes and summit. Trees cover the top of the mountain and around the side of the mountain. The roads are the primary means of transportation for indigenous people and tourists daily. Recently, there has been a phenomenon of large-sized boulders rolling down from the top of the mountain, causing an accident and killing tourists. To investigate the internal causes of landslides on a 2.3 km road stretch, geophysical profiles using GPR and seismic refraction methods were conducted to clarify the current status of geological structures beneath the road surface. The refractive seismic data analysis revealed four distinct layers based on elastic wave propagation velocity. Velocity values range from 1000 to 3000 m/s for the 2 upper layers corresponding to the weathered, broken, and highly fractured rock layers and in the lower 2 layers from 3000 to more than 4500 m/s, respectively corresponding to less fractured rock on the depth of more than 50 m. According to GPR data, the structural cross-section to an average depth of 30 m is a more complex picture. Detected 6 layers with different degrees of fracture cracking and showing different structural zones. In a few places are the drainage creeks from the mountain. These places need to be monitored regularly to have a basis for predicting landslides and rockfalls in the area of Cam Mountain. Landslides occur in geological rocks which are of different ages: claystone, mudstone, siltstone, shale, or marlstone. The rock-falls occur in more compact rocks: metamorphic or igneous rocks.

2

Zagrożenia osuwiskowe złóż wód mineralnych w dolinie Popradu

Zając Mariusz

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2022

|

Vol. 70, nr 10

780--787

EN

The area of the Poprad valley is particulary privileged due to the presence of mineral waters recognized in Poland as curative as well as strongly transformed by mass movements. In order to increase tourist attractiveness of the region, there is a noticeable trend of more frequent usage of landslide slopes, on which can appear recharge areas for the healing waters or zones of carbon dioxide inflow. The gas-water system on the areas of the occurence isvery sensitive andeasy to destroy. Co-occurence of recharge areas and mass movement areas, which due to uncontrolled human actions, may become active and create threat to the healing waters.

3

Zagrożenia obiektów budowlanych i infrastruktury komunikacyjnej na tle rozmieszczenia osuwisk w jednostkach administracyjnych Sudetów

Sikora Rafał

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2022

|

Vol. 70, nr 9

636--644

EN

The paper presents the results of research on the landslide distribution according to the administrativ subdivision of the Sudetes (SW Poland). It is the first comprehensive analysis of this problem for the Polish part of the Sudetes, which is based on the published data, cartographic materials and spatial databases. The index of landslide occurrence for each county has been calculated, and the number and types of buildings and roads located on landslides have been distinguished. The results were used for preliminary identification of hazards, which, in turn, provide information for the county governments, on various levels, useful for spatial planning and practical risk management.

4

Zagrożenia geologiczne w Polsce w 2021 roku

Wojciechowski Tomasz, Laskowicz Izabela, Kos Jarosław, Marciniec Paweł, Uścinowicz Grzegorz, Przyłucka Maria, Wódka Marcin

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2022

|

Vol. 70, nr 9

617--626

EN

Geological hazards caused by landslides, earthquakes, erosion, land surface deformation and collapse in 2021 in Poland were among the average compared to recent years. They did, however, affect material losses. The Polish Geological Survey (PGS) recorded 41 events related to sudden landslide activations, which damaged or destroyed 17 road sections. Through ongoing monitoring of 72 landslides, 33 were shown to be active. In 2021, more than 5,200 landslides were identified and inventoried in Poland. Geodynamic monitoring performed by PGS recorded 611 seismic events in Poland, whose magnitudes reached M4.2. In addition, using satellite radar interferometry, continuation of land surface deformations was found mainly in mining areas. In 2021, there was a number of collapses of various origins. The paper is a brief report on the ongoing tasks of the Polish Geological Survey in the field of geological hazards and presents events that took place in Poland in 2021.

5

Podatność osuwiskowa obszaru Krakowa

Kamieniarz Sylwester

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2022

|

Vol. 70, nr 9

701--712

EN

Due to the differentiation of landslides in Kraków city area, an artificial neural network method (multilayer perceptron) was used to determine the landslide susceptibility (LS). The calculations were performed in the r.landslide module. The network learning was carried out on the basis of 8 thematic layers (slopes, slope exposure, absolute height, relative height, convergence index, surface lithology, sub-Quaternary lithology, distance from tectonic discontinuities). For modelling, 434 points representing landslides and the same number of points of locations without landslides were used. Among the set of points, 70% was allocated to the training phase, 15% to the validation phase, and 15% to the phase. In order to assess the network performance, based on the results of the test phase, a confusion matrix was made. Approximately 22% of the city’s area is susceptible to landslide occurrence (LS > 0.05 ). It overlap existing landslides and cover areas where they have not occurred yet. The greatest number of areas susceptible to landslide occurrence is located in districts X (54% of the district area) and VII (47%). There are also the most susceptile areas (LS > 0.95). The sensitivity analysis implemented in the module showed that among the thematic layers used for modelling the slopes, convergence index, distance from tectonic discontinuities and sub-Quaternary lithology have the greatest impact on the landslide susceptibility.

6

Osuwiska Masywu Ślęży (Przedgórze Sudeckie)

Chaszczewicz Adam Karol

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2022

|

Vol. 70, nr 9

713--721

EN

Ślęża Massif is an isolated group of hills, surrounded by plains, located on the Sudetic Foreland with the main tops of Ślęża and Radunia. This mesoregion covers an area composed of two structural units: Sudetic Ophiolite and Strzegom-Sobótka Granite Pluton. The present relief of the Ślęża Massif was formed mainly during the Pleistocene glaciations. This article presents the results of landslide observations made in selected locations on the Ślęża Massif. Scientific works were carried out on the south-western, southern and eastern slopes of Ślęża (composed of gabbros), as well as on the northern slopes of Radunia (serpentinites). This area is the place of occurrence of specific morphological forms with research history abundant in various concepts (among others: moraines of the Scandinavian ice sheet, congelifluction tongues, debris flows, fossil rockglaciers and landslides). Author's research, basedon field works and digital terrain model analysis, revealsthat15 inactive landslides exist at these locations. The forms are characterized by various morphometric parameters and different types of colluvial mass movements. Probably, they emerged as a result of late Pleistocene and early Holocene climate changes. Author's conclusions partially confirm some observations and interpretations stated by Horwath in 1981 and by Traczyk and Kasprzak in 2014. Due to plenty of landslide evidence, the views about relict rock glaciers and other conceptions should be defined as incorrect. The forms require further detailed studies.

7

Charakterystyka osuwisk powstałych na hałdach po górnictwie rud żelaza w rejonie częstochowskim

Górka Konrad, Piotrowski Andrzej

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2022

|

Vol. 70, nr 9

682--694

EN

For about 600 years Middle Jurassic iron ores had been mined in the Częstochowa region. This process created many forms, among which mining and processing waste dumps are the best visible in this area. After the mining process had stopped, mass movements occured in the surface of the dumps. The paper presents specificity of landslides developed in dumps in the Częstochowa region, intensity of this phenomenon and landslides activity. Mass movements are present in each dump higher than 40m and broader than 300 m. The large stand highest dump slopes are all covered by a vast landslide zones, where rotational slides and complex slides dominates. Despite the fact that exploration of iron ores had ended about 40 years ago, a large number of dump landslides are still active or periodically active. Some of these signs of activity can be seen on Differential Digital Model (DDM).

8

The Prevention of Landslides Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in a Geographic Information System (GIS) Environment in the Province of Larache, Morocco

El Hamdouni Ikram, Ait Brahim Lahsen, El Mahsani Abderahman, Abdelouafi Abdellah

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 16, no. 2

77-93

EN

Landslides are one of the natural hazards that many countries around the world are facing. In Morocco, the Rif regions are the most affected by these phenomena. Each year they cause enormous damage to the road network and infrastructure, especially in our study region, the province of Larache. The study region is subject to several opening up and road construction projects, which is why it is necessary to predict and identify the most vulnerable areas beforehand, in order to propose measures and techniques which are adequate for protection and reinforcement. The main goal of this study is to develop a susceptibility map to ground movements using a multi-criteria spatial assessment approach, and in order to reduce subjectivity, we have used a method for analyzing such complex decisions, which is the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) implemented in the geographic information system (GIS). Seven factors have been considered as conditioning factors in the occurrence of landslides, which are: lithology, fracturing density, slope, aspect, land use, density of the hydrographic network, and altitude. To verify the results obtained, we performed a correlation analysis of ground movements, already inventoried and verified in the field, with the susceptibility classes that were calculated. This analysis is accompanied by a statistical study.

9

Geological and geomorphological conditions of landslide development in the Wisła source area of the Silesian Beskid mountains (Outer Carpathians, southern Poland)

Sikora Piotr

Geological Quarterly

|

2022

|

Vol. 66, No. 2

art. no. 19

EN

The Silesian Beskid mountains (Outer Western Carpathians) are affected by landslides, many being large, of rocky character and with clearly visible relief. I provide a new morphostructural analysis of mountain relief and landslide development, based on detailed field mapping and spatial analysis of a digital terrain model based on LiDAR data. The index of landslide occurrence was calculated at 22.57%. The basic geometrical features of the landslides mapped may be related to the morphostructure of the study area. Factors influencing long and wide landslides include lithology, slopes relative to stratal orientation, and developmental trends, while wide landslides are of frontal type. Tectonic structures are important controls on landslide shape.

10

Zagrożenia geologiczne w Polsce w 2020 roku

Wojciechowski Tomasz, Laskowicz Izabela, Nescieruk Piotr, Marciniec Paweł, Uścinowicz Grzegorz, Czerwiński Tomasz, Perski Zbigniew

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2021

|

Vol. 69, nr 5

303--311

EN

The paper describes geohazard events that took place in 2020 on the territory of Poland. The PGI is responsible for geohazard monitoring in four areas of interest :landslides and mass movements within the Landslide Counteracting System (LCS, SOPO in Polish), earthquakes within the Geodynamical Monitoring of Poland and ground motions within the Interferometric Terrain Deformations Monitoring of Poland, and coastal monitoring carried out by the Marine Geology Branch within a framework of the 4D Cartography. In 2020, there were no spectacular geohazard events; however, there were some permanently active phenomena, mostly landslides, which caused significant damages to the infrastructure.

11

Applicativeness of risk information in polish spatial system: landslides in local spatial management plans

Sroka Bartłomiej

Przestrzeń i Forma

|

2020

|

nr 44

261--274

EN

Natural hazards’ information is an obligatory element of planning acts in Poland, such as areas exposed to mass movements and flood occurrence. The paper presents provisions and manners applied in urban planning and design practise in Lesser Poland (Małopolska), region with vast share of landslides in Poland. Discussion leads to evaluation of risk management legal factors in design process, urban planning and accomplishment of building permission.

PL

Informacje o zagrożeniach naturalnych są obowiązkowym elementem opracowań planistycznych w Polsce, taką informacją jest występowanie obszarów narażonych na ruchy masowe ziemi. W pracy przedstawiono regulacje prawne oraz zapisy stosowane w miejscowych planach zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Zakres przestrzenny badań obejmuje Małopolskę, regionie o największym udziale osuwisk w skali krajowej. Przeprowadzona dyskusja prowadzi do oceny uwarunkowań prawnych zarządzania ryzykiem w procesie planowania i uzyskania pozwolenia na budowę przez inwestora.

12

Trudności w wyznaczaniu osuwisk na obszarach historycznych i zurbanizowanych na przykładzie Twierdzy Przemyśl

Rycio Edyta

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2020

|

Vol. 68, nr 12

902--914

EN

The Przemyśl Fortress is a huge complex of defensive objects from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Various types of objects, ruins and remains of the fortress and signs of fights have been preserved to different extents in the area to this day. They constitute a huge problem when determining landslides. The greatest difficulties are caused by vegetation-covered ruins of forts, trenches, remnants of ramparts and defense ditches, and signs of fights preserved in places. Such residues can be interpreted as a landslide or a part of it, especially if they occur in a neighbourhood or inside a landslide. The problem then arises of clearly identifying the boundaries of the landslide and the correct identification of its internal forms, e.g. a devastated trench around the fort can be marked as a landslide. Similar difficulties are provided by numerous inactive quarries, excavations, clay pits, e.g. a closed limestone open-pit mine from the 19th century, located in Kruhel Wielki. Elements of the old mine are deceptively reminiscent of intra-fieldforms and they are difficult to separate from the real colluvial forms of the neighbouring landslide. Difficulties in determining landslides arise not only from the history of this region and its geological structure, but also from the degree of urbanization of the area. Strong anthropopression blurs the natural morphology of the slopes, and the limited availability of the area makes cartographic work difficult. It is difficult to distinguish between natural and artificial forms in such areas. Good examples are landslides on the ski slope, on the municipal cemetery, in the castle park and in the area of military areas, housing estates and allotments.

13

Rola instytutów badawczych we wsparciu działań adaptacyjnych do zmian klimatu

Granoszewski Wojciech, Kowalczyk Agnieszka, Ploch Izabela, Rubinkiewicz Jacek, Woźnicka Małgorzata, Kępińska-Kasprzak Małgorzata, Limanówka Danuta, Doktor Radosław, Struzik Piotr, Dubel Anna, Skotak Krzysztof, Hajto Małgorzata, Kozyra Jerzy, Pudełko Rafał, Żyłowska Katarzyna, Jędrejek Anna, Łopatka Artur, Jadczyszyn Jan, Nieróbca Anna, Doroszewski Andrzej, Barszczewska Marta

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2020

|

Vol. 68, nr 1

25--44

EN

A crucial part of every adaptation planning and disaster risk reduction is estimation of vulnerable areas and risk in the future. Only a well-developed monitoring system could bring valuable information to create possible scenarios to set up adaptation plans. Monitoring systems of meteorological conditions, surface water, groundwater, landslides, seacoast, agricultural drought as well as their standards and methodologies, are crucial for establishing an effective warning system of every country, and thus are the subject of research conducted by national institutes. Therefore, the conditions of this national research (getting trained staff, equipment etc.) is essential to provide reliable information for a national adaptation plan and for economic assessment of climate change impacts. Poland has significant experiences in monitoring systems, data collecting and visualizing, as well as in the development of scenarios and risk maps. Methodologies and capacity building, necessary for their use, along with experiences and lessons, learned to get valuable information for disaster risk reduction, were presented by the authors from the research during the 24th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 24) in Katowice (December 2018). The presentation contributed to the global adaptation process through experience sharing that is important for the relevant research conducted in the least developed countries.

14

Primenenie svaj v kačestve protivoopolznevyh meropriâtij

Sheshenev Nikolai, Mazhayskiy Yury, Chernikova Olga

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Budownictwo

|

2019

|

Z. 25 (175)

258-261

RU

V dannoj rabote rassmotreny voprosy ukrepleniâ opolznej svaâmi, predstavleny teoretičeskie predposylki i komp’ûternye rasčety parnoj konstrukcii svaj, pozvolâûŝej zakreplât’ opolznevye massivy gruntov. Modelirovanie sklona možet byt’ provedeno s pomoŝ’û MKÈ v programmnom komplekse Plaxis. Bisvajnaâ konstrukciâ pozvolâet ukrepit massiv slabogo grunta, obladaŝego reologičeskimi svojstvami. Prostota montaža, men’šaâ glubina zadelki svaj v nesuŝij sloj po otnošeniû k stolbam-nadolbam i svaâm-špil’kam, a takže men’šaâ veličina poperečnogo sečeniâ železobentonnoj svai, čto svâzano s pereraspredeleniem usilij v bisvajnoj konstrukcii âvlâetsâ dostoinstvom predlagaemoj konstrukcii.

PL

Omówiono kwestie wzmocnienia masywów ziemnych zapobiegającego powstawaniu osuwisk, przedstawiono też podstawy teoretyczne i obliczenia komputerowe sparowanej konstrukcji pali, służącej stabilizowaniu zboczy zagrożonych ruchami masowymi. Modelowanie nachylenia zboczy można przeprowadzić za pomocą MES w pakiecie oprogramowania Plaxis. Konstrukcja podwójnych pali (bipali) pozwala wzmocnić słabe masy ziemne o właściwościach reologicznych. Zaletą proponowanego rozwiązania jest łatwość montażu, mniejsza głębokość posadowienia pali w warstwie nośnej w odniesieniu do pali wbijanych i mikropali, a także mniejszy przekrój pala żelbetowego, co wiąże się z rozdziałem obciążeń w zaproponowanej konstrukcji palowej.

15

A comparative analysis of the results of terrestrial laser scanning and numerical modelling for assessing the stability of a road embankment on the active landslide on the Just mountain at Tęgoborze at Just – Tęgoborze

Pilecka Elżbieta, Manterys Tomasz, Szwarkowski Dariusz

Technical Transactions

|

2019

|

Vol. 116, iss. 12

139--150

EN

This article presents a method for the quick assessment of the safety of the road on an active landslide on the Just mountain at Tęgoborze using the landslide hazard ratio of landslide movements. The hazard indicator for landslide traffic has been defined as the quotient of the largest displacements obtained from measurements using a terrestrial laser scanner to the largest displacement obtained from a numerical model of the worst geotechnical conditions and an unstable landslide. The application of this indicator was presented on the example of national road No. 75 along the section of the road in km from 51 + 900 to 52 + 700 at the location of the Just mountain at Tęgoborze in the south of Poland. The road is located on an active landslide and has a lot of traffic. The measurements were conducted with the RIEGL. VZ400 terrestrial laser scanner from 2012 to 2016. As a result of the measurements performed with a terrestrial laser scanner, a cloud of 3D points was obtained. Differential models of subsequent measurements were constructed and compared to the first base measurements. The results of 3D differential models obtained from terrestrial laser scanner measurements were compared with results obtained from 3D numerical modelling. Numerical calculations were conducted assuming the worst geotechnical conditions. The model of the landslide was fully saturated. A numerical simulation computed using the finite element method (FEM) in the MIDAS GTS program was applied. A result of the safety factor F = 0.8 (i.e. an unstable landslide) was obtained. In order to estimate the hazard, the values of the landslide hazard indicator were determined for each date using the measurements conducted with the laser scanner.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodę szybkiej oceny bezpieczeństwa drogi na osuwisku za pomocą wskaźnika zagrożenia ruchem osuwiskowym. Zdefiniowano wskaźnik zagrożenia ruchem osuwiskowym jako iloraz największych przemieszczeń wyznaczonego z pomiarów naziemnym skanerem laserowym do największego przemieszczenia wyznaczonego z modelu numerycznego dla najgorszych warunków geotechnicznych i niestatecznego osuwiska. Przedstawiono zastosowanie tego wskaźnika na przykładzie odcinka drogi krajowej nr 75 wzdłuż odcinka drogi w km od 51 + 900 do 52 + 700 w miejscowości Just-Tęgoborze na południu Polski. Droga położona jest na czynnym osuwisku i ma duże natężenie ruchu. Pomiary przeprowadzono naziemnym skanerem laserowym RIEGL. VZ400 w okresie od 2012 do 2016 roku. W wyniku pomiarów naziemnym skanerem laserowym otrzymano chmurę punktów 3D. Wykonano modele różnicowe kolejnych pomiarów w porównaniu do pierwszego bazowego pomiaru. Porównano wyniki modeli różnicowych 3D otrzymanych z pomiarów naziemnym skanerem laserowym z wynikami otrzymanymi z modelowania numerycznego 3D. Obliczenia numeryczne przeprowadzono dla najgorszych warunków geotechnicznych czyli całkowitego nasycenia osuwiska metodą elementów skończonych (MES) w programie MIDAS GTS. Otrzymano wynik współczynnika stateczności F = 0,8 czyli osuwisko niestateczne. W celu oszacowania zagrożenia wyznaczono wartości wskaźnika zagrożenia osuwiskiem dla każdej daty wynikającej z przeprowadzonych pomiarów skanerem laserowym.

16

Assessment of Emergencies Threatening a Particular Region

Végsöová Oľga, Straka Martin, Šofranko Marian

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2019

|

Tom 21, cz. 1

52--68

EN

The paper focuses on emergencies in a particular region of the Slovak Republic. The focus is mainly on describing the emergencies to which the region is most vulnerable and classifying them, as well as specific locations or businesses where there is a high risk of an emergency occurring. From the point of view of the effects of possible emergencies on the district of Bratislava, the most likely situations are natural disasters (floods from precipitation and watercourses, hailstorms, storms, landslides, ice) and accidents (fires, explosions and releases of dangerous substances). When planning rescue work, it is necessary to start from the worst-case scenario of the emergency, while the most important measure to protect the population is issuing warnings and possible evacuation. Special attention should be paid to the following measures: checking the safety measures around hydrological structures and watercourses, carrying out checks on legal entities and natural persons – entrepreneurs who manufacture, store and handle hazardous substances, preparing controlling organizations, forces and resources to carry out rescue work, preparing the population for self-protection and mutual assistance in the event of emergencies, mutual cooperation of rescue teams in preparation for emergencies, exchange of experience and knowledge with neighbouring districts.

17

Zagospodarowanie przestrzenne osuwisk : nadal otwarty problem

Laskowicz Izabela

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2019

|

Vol. 67, nr 5

303--307

EN

The method of landslide management raises more and more controversies and disputes, even social conflicts. At the core of these conflicts is the perception of landslide areas, which are regarded by some as favoring and suitable for habitation but by the others as a hazard. Only a deeper knowledge of their causes can lead to the development of mutual understanding and attempts to sustainable development of areas threatened by mass movements. This article presents geological and geomorphological features of landslides favorable for their management. This also describes the hazards resulting from the development of mass movements and the increasing number of populations inhabiting the landslide areas. The lack of unambiguous legal solutions (landusepolicies) is an additional factor hindering the solution of this problem. The basic way to solve conflicts should be to provide reliable information and educational campaigns.

18

Rzeźba osuwiskowa południowo-wschodniej części Gór Wałbrzyskich, Sudety Środkowe

Kotwicka Wioleta, Jancewicz Kacper, Migoń Piotr

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2019

|

Vol. 67, nr 10

828--836

EN

The occurrence of landforms induced by large-scale mass movements has never been reported from the SE part of the Wałbrzyskie Mts., despite detailed geological field mapping carried out twice in the 20th century. This paper provides the first description of landslide-affected slopes in this area, recognized through the combination of LiDAR DEM interpretation and field work. Fifteen landslides have been identified, ranging in size from less than 1 ha to 10.44 ha. Morphological signatures suggest that they represent various types, including minor translational slides, larger rotational complexes and valley-confined flowslides. Closed depressions typify several landslides. In a few instances the valley blocking by landslides can be inferred.

19

Podatność osuwiskowa Polski

Wojciechowski Tomasz

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2019

|

Vol. 67, nr 5

320--325

EN

Using the location data of landslides and information on geo-environmental conditions, the landslide susceptibility in Poland was calculated using statistical methods. It shows that 15% of the country’s area is susceptible to landslides. The greatest threats occur in the Carpathians and in many regions of the Sudetes, uplands and in the riverbanks. The most vulnerable areas are the slopes in the range of 9-30°, which are built by the flysch sediments in the faulted zones. The areas susceptible to landslides include over a million buildings and about 7,000 km of roads.

20

Osuwiska w Polsce : od rejestracji do prognozy, czyli 13 lat projektu SOPO

Marciniec Paweł, Zimnal Ziemowit, Perski Zbigniew, Wojciechowski Tomasz, Rączkowski Wojciech, Laskowicz Izabela, Nescieruk Piotr, Grabowski Dariusz, Kułak Marcin, Wójcik Antoni

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2019

|

Vol. 67, nr 5

291--297

EN

Theintensification of disastrous landslide movements in southern Poland occurring at the end of the 20th century, showed that there was a need to create a unified system of acquiring and collecting landslide data. It also indicated the importance of raising awareness of the existence of landslide hazard for both residents and public administration (decision-makers). This was also the reason for launching a nationwide project, the Landslide Counteracting System (LCS; SOPO in Polish). This system is a platform for acquiring and processing information about mass movements in order to support mainly for government and local administration. The main goal of the project is to reduce the landslide riskin Poland,and to limit damages caused by the development of landslides.