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Human impact on the change of direction of river channel migration caused by formation of a landslide dam

Cebulski J.

Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica

2016

Vol. 50

5--17

The paper presents the impact of man on the change of direction of the natural migration of a stream channel resulting from triggering a landslide on stream bank. The landslide that was formed on 15th May 2014 in the Łapsze Niżne village led to the formation of a landslide dam and a small dam lake upstream of it. Waters flowed over the surface of the fill terrace and returned to the old channel, approximately 120 m downstream the landslide. Following 33 days of the landslide activation, the dam was cut, and material was removed and deposited within the channel meander downstream. This caused the waters of the Łapszanka stream to return to the cleared channel. Three series of measurements were performed using a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). The TLS made possible to calculate the volume of the landslide tongue (1,690m³) and the maximum volume of the material forming the landslide dam for which the flow of the waters of the Łapszanka stream would remain within the old channel (761 m³). Exceeding this value led to diverting the stream waters towards the fill terrace. Thereby, the process of forming a new channel was commenced. During its functioning (33 days), material of a volume of 55 m³ was eroded. Lack of human intervention in the natural process of migration of the channel would result in continuous removal of material from the terrace and formation of a new channel.