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Water Reservoirs as an Element of Shaping Water Resources of Post-Mining Areas

Stachowski P., Kraczkowska K., Liberacki D., Oliskiewicz-Krzywicka A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 4

217--225

EN

The aim of the study was to present the concepts of water reclamation and development of post-mining areas of the Adamów Lignite Mine following the termination of its excavating operation. The reclamation procedures will accelerate the process of restoring the devastated post-mining area to the natural environment and, above all, will contribute to the increase in local water resources. Several water reservoirs with different surface areas and capacities within the final excavations of opencasts were created. The reservoirs are used for water retention, recreation, melioration and flood control purposes, as well as for depositing overburden from other opencast excavations. In total, the construction of 5 water reservoirs will include 4 weirs, 7 monks and 3 culverts with damming as well as a number of kilometres of inflow and outflow channels. The schedule of works and expenditures of the investment amounts to PLN 14,509,512 and is divided into 5 stages, not only covering the construction of the reservoirs, but also the water and drainage infrastructure necessary for their proper operation. All constructed and planned water reservoirs (Przykona, Janiszew, Koźmin, Głowy, Adamów, Koźmin Końcowy and Władysławów) will become new permanent elements of the landscape and the hydrographic network, coupled with the catchment system of the Warta River. They will allow for an increase in the retention capacity of the Adamów Lignite Mine area from the previous 32.3 million m3 to 219.6 million m3 in the perspective of 2023. They will improve the microclimate of post-mining areas and have a positive impact on the lands created as a result of reclamation. They will provide retention for the irrigation of adjacent agricultural areas and help reduce the economic and natural losses caused by flooding. They will open recreational opportunities for the residents of the surrounding areas, characterized by water shortages. The post-mining reservoirs, formed during mining operations, fit perfectly into the Small Retention Program. The existing and planned water bodies are the best proof confirming that the decisions taken in the field of reclamation for water purposes were right. As practice shows, the landscape shaping during the exploitation of lignite is a great opportunity for the post-mining region to create reservoirs in the places where they do not occur in nature.

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Kształtowanie tożsamości krajobrazów sakralnych

Sowińska B.

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2012

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nr 17

78--95

PL

W świetle współczesnych procesów laicyzacji przestrzeni koniecznym staje się zachowanie swoistych cech krajobrazu sakralnego, decydujących o jego duchowym wymiarze i wpływających na religijne (duchowe) przeżycia przebywających w tej przestrzeni osób. Celem artykułu jest próba sformułowania zestawu cech, decydujących o tożsamości sakralnych wnętrz architektoniczno-krajobrazowych, które powinny być brane od uwagę w procesie ich kształtowania. Zidentyfikowano sześć wyróżników odnoszących się do przestrzeni materialnej – Kontekst przyrodniczo-przestrzenny, Forma architektoniczna, Forma użytkowania i stan zachowania, Integralność, Czytelność i Otwartość – oraz sześć do przestrzeni niematerialnej – Powiązanie z wydarzeniami, Nazwa miejsca, Multisensoryczność, Dynamika, Nastrój i Odczuwane emocje i uczucia, w sumie dwanaście atrybutów.

EN

In the light of the current proceses of space transformation it is needed to maintain the specific features of sacred landscape which decide about its spiritual dimention and affect the religious (spiritual) experinces of people being in a given place. The aim of the article is to formulate a set of features which decide about identity of particular sacred architectonical-landscape interiors and should be taken into consideration while shaping that places. As a result were identified six tangible distinguishing marks of sacred landscape – Natural-spatial context, Architectonical form, Form of use and state of preservance, Integrity, Readability and Openess – and six intangible ones – Connection with nature; Name of place; Multisensory; Dynamic; Atmosphere; Noticing emotions and feelings, twelve attributes in total.

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Uwarunkowania prowadzenia rekultywacji wodnej na terenach poeksploatacyjnych na przykładzie zbiornika wodnego Przykona

Polak K., Klich J.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2009

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nr 436, z. 9/2

373-377

PL

Zbiornik wodny Przykona zlokalizowany jest na terenach poeksploatacyjnych Kopalni Węgla Brunatnego Adamów S.A. Zbiornik został wykonany na zwałowisku wewnętrznym nadkładu, gdzie pierwotnie przepływała rzeka Teleszyna. Zatopienie zbiornika odbyło się poprzez skierowanie wód pochodzących z odwodnienia odkrywki Adamów. Po zakończeniu napełniania zbiornika Teleszyna została ponownie przełożona. W rezultacie zbiornik Przykona stał się częścią systemu rzecznego. Z powodu uformowania podłoża zbiornika z przepuszczalnych mas skalnych znajduje się on wciąż w zasięgu drenującego oddziaływania leja depresji wokół czynnej odkrywki Adamów. W związku z tym obserwuje się straty przepływu wody na wysokości zbiornika. Aby je uzupełnić, zaplanowano wykonanie kanału zasilającego, którym doprowadzane byłyby wody pochodzące z systemu odwodnienia odkrywki Adamów. Zasilanie zbiornika konieczne będzie tak długo, dopóki nie nastąpi odbudowa ciśnień hydrostatycznych wód podziemnych w otoczeniu zbiornika.

EN

The Przykona water reservoir is located in the post-mining area of the Adamów Lignite Mine (central Poland). The water resersoir was formed on the inner waste dumping ground, which is located in the original river bed of the Teleszyna River. The flooding of the reservoir was achieved using mine water taken from the dewatering system. After the flooding, the Teleszyna River had been re-directed to an artificial lake. As a result, the artificial reservoir became a part of the river system. Due to the permeability of the reservoir background and the influence of the cone of depression, water leakage from the reservoir has occurred. It was necessary to use the mine water resource in order to induce the water flow through the restored river system. To utilise surface water resources, a special channel connecting the mine with the lake is required. Teleszyna River irrigation could result from ground water level recovery in the area below the Przykona reservoir.

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Ekologiczno-przestrzenne problemy stref podmiejskich dużych miast na przykładzie Warszawy

Żarska B.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2003

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nr 1-2

16-19

EN

The important directions for landscape shaping of suburban zones are enclosed in provisions of national, European Union and international legislation as well as in the cardinal ecological principles of nature protection. The most important ecological and spatial problems of suburban zones, typical for Warsaw and other big towns, are: 1) chaos of spatial management-dispersion of sites, domination of development, 2) rapid changes of proportion between biologically active and non-biologically active areas; 3) rapid fulfilment of space with anthropogenic non-natural elements having often forms disharmonised with surroundings and site tradition, 4) increasing fragmentation of biologically active areas and ecological isolation. The rational spatial management, realised consistently in accordance with long-term spatial policy, is the only tool to stop these undesirable processes. Physical development plans should be obligatory for all areas. Systems of natural areas and proecological provisions should be widely introduced in physical planning. The urgent need is to define maximal ranges for development in towns and mark out areas for realisation of natural system and ecological connections.

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Przekształcenia krajobrazu kulturowego Skarpy Warszawskiej na obszarach granicznych m. st. Warszawy w południowej części miasta

Pluta K.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2002

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nr 3-4

48-54

EN

The physical and functional structure of Warsaw was determined by natural local environment - the Vistula valley with a high Escarpment on its left bank, where magnificent buildings were located, built in harmony with nature. The Warsaw Escarpment represents the priceless value in town with its green and the landscape open to the horizon, because of its rarity - single eminence on the city area. Contemporarily there are many recommended and more frequently observed methods of planning the cities, which should assure their sustainable development. But to reach that aim it is demanded, that built environment should be treated in the same way as natural. Both environments should be developed equally and simultaneously in the scale which is clear and understandable by citizens. The correct solution of the question for optimal integration of natural and artificial reality is the first problem of models of settlements for sustainable development. So it seems to everybody, that the unique situation of Warsaw needs to be enhanced. There is only one important priority: to preserve the natural landscape of Vistula Valley and Warsaw Escarpment. Opening Warsaw for the Vistula river by realising a continuous system of pedestrian paths in the area of the Escarpment as well as shaping the landscape there, will create a sustainable city form and will make the public greatly value it. It will also become important element in the historic process of the restoration of our capital.