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1

Impact of Land-Use Changes on the Runoff of Nandigama, Andhra Pradesh, India

Sainath Reddy Poli, Bhavani R.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

121--129

EN

Present study investigated the effect of land-use variations on the excess flow for a Nandigama, Andhra Pradesh, India by using HEC-HMS model. The model was calibrated and validated using observed rainfall and runoff data. The R2 and NSE values were both greater than 0.65 after calibration, indicating a reasonable fit of the model. An analysis was conducted to understand how the land-use changes in a basin have affected the runoff. The analysis revealed that the stream flow increased due to variations in land use, and a reduction in the timing of peak flow at the outlet was observed. Additionally, the study analysed the trend of maximum rainfall time series and found that the months of June, July, and August show a decreasing trend in maximum rainfall over the study period, while other months show an increasing trend. The results of the analysis can be used to implement informed policies and management practices aimed at mitigating the negative impact of land-use changes and climate changes in Nandigama.

2

Użytkowanie obszarów wokół małych miast Polski w wybranych aspektach jakości życia ich mieszkańców

Pieńkowski Paweł, Podlasiński Marek

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

|

2023

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nr 49 (1)

5--20

PL

Wpływ sposobu użytkowania w obrębie obszarów otaczających miasta jest szczególnie silny w przypadku małych ośrodków, gdyż tereny leśne i rolnicze graniczą tam częstokroć bezpośrednio ze strefami mieszkalnymi. Coraz liczniej pojawiają się publikacje, które dokumentują oddziaływanie tych dwóch sposobów użytkowania, wskazując m.in. na znaczenie uwarunkowań przestrzennych, które determinują wielkość wpływu otoczenia na jakość życia mieszkańców miast. Celem pracy było oszacowanie udziału sposobów użytkowania w otoczeniu 738 małych miast Polski (<20 tys. mieszkańców), z uwzględnieniem potencjału rekreacyjnego lasów i ewentualnych zagrożeń wyni¬kających z bliskiego sąsiedztwa z intensywnie użytkowanymi gruntami rolnymi. Podstawą uzyskanych wyników była baza Corine Land Cover z 2018 roku, z której pozyskano informację o usytuowaniu zabudowy miejskiej, lasach oraz terenach rolnych (grunty orne i sady). Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że w przypadku 35,6% małych miast Polski teren zabudowany nie sąsiadował z lasami, a 7,3% miast nie posiadało lasów w promieniu 1,5 km. Natomiast tylko w 5,6% miastach teren zabudowany nie graniczył z jakimkolwiek terenem rolnym, a w 4,9% teren ten otoczony był w ponad 80% polami. Należy sądzić, że w grupie miast otoczonych polami, przy planowaniu struktury przestrzennej, szczególną uwagę należałoby poświęcić projektowaniu nowych terenów zielonych i rewaloryzacji już istniejących.

EN

The impact of land use within the areas surrounding cities is particularly strong in the case of small towns, as forest and agri¬cultural areas often directly border residential areas. There are more and more publications that document the impact of these two forms of land use, highlighting, among other things, the importance of spatial conditions that determine the impact of the environment on the quality of life of city inhabitants. The aim of the study was to estimate the share of different land use methods in the vicinity of 738 small Polish towns (<20,000 inhabitants), taking into account the recreational potential of forests and possible threats resulting from close proximity to intensively used agricultural land. The study was based on the Corine Land Cover database from 2018. Information on the location of urban development, forests and agricultural land (arable land and orchards) was obtained from this database. The results indicate that in the case of 35.6% of small Polish towns, built-up areas were not adjacent to forests, and 7.3% of towns did not have forests within a radius of 1.5 km. On the other hand, only in 5.6% of cities did no built-up areas border agricultural areas, and in 4.9% of cities more than 80% of built-up areas were surrounded by fields. In cities surrounded by fields, special attention should be paid to the design of new green areas and the redevolopment of existing ones when planning the spatial structure.

3

Monitoring of Land Surface Temperature from Landsat Imagery: A Case Study of Al-Anbar Governorate in Iraq

Morsy Salem, Ahmed Shaker

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 17, no. 3

61--81

EN

Land surface temperature (LST) estimation is a crucial topic for many applications related to climate, land cover, and hydrology. In this research, LST estimation and monitoring of the main part of Al-Anbar Governorate in Iraq is presented using Landsat imagery from five years (2005, 2010, 2015, 2016 and 2020). Images of the years 2005 and 2010 were captured by Landsat 5 (TM) and the others were captured by Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS). The Single Channel Algorithm was applied to retrieve the LST from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 images. Moreover, the land use/land cover (LULC) maps were developed for the five years using the maximum likelihood classifier. The difference in the LST and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values over this period was observed due to the changes in LULC. Finally, a regression analysis was conducted to model the relationship between the LST and NDVI. The results showed that the highest LST of the study area was recorded in 2016 (min = 21.1°C, max = 53.2°C and mean = 40.8°C). This was attributed to the fact that many people were displaced and had left their agricultural fields. Therefore, thousands of hectares of land which had previously been green land became desertified. This conclusion was supported by comparing the agricultural land areas registered throughout the presented years. The polynomial regression analysis of LST and NDVI revealed a better coefficient of determination (R2) than the linear regression analysis with an average R2 of 0.423.

4

Land Use and Land Cover Analysis Using Geomatics Techniques in Amara City

Al-Saedi Ali Salah J., Kadhum Zahraa M., Jasim Basheer S.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 9

161--169

EN

The remote sensing technique is crucial for creating maps showing land use and land cover from a procedure known as image classification. For the process of image classification to be successful, many aspects must be taken into consideration; one of these factors is the availability of high-quality Landsat images. This study aims to classify and map the studied area’s land use and cover using remote sensing and geographic information system techniques. This study is divided into two parts: part one focuses on classifying land use and land cover, while part two evaluates how accurate the classification is. Several classification methods are compared for their efficacy in this study. Some image classification methods have shown promising results when used to remote sensing data. An efficient classifier is necessary for extracting data from remote-sensing images. The maximum likelihood classification was the most effective classifier in our study. In this study, the Maximum Likelihood classification accuracy has achieved an overall accuracy of 91% and an overall kappa accuracy of 86.83%. This study provides essential data for planners and decision-makers to design sustainable environments.

5

Land use change in suburban zone : European context of urban sprawl

Kazak Jan K., Błasik Magdalena, Świąder Małgorzata

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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Special Issue

92--98

EN

Quantifying and understanding global land use change and its spatial and temporal dynamics is critical to supporting international policy debates. The main area of transformation of spatial structures nowadays are suburban areas of the largest cities. Constant land development and urbanization, including such forms as urban sprawl, influence significant changes in land use. The aim of this study was to analyse a land use change pattern in a selected rural area which is under pressure of spatial development of a regional city. Data used for a land use change detection was based opensource Urban Atlas dataset for 2006, 2012, and 2018, enriched by recent update from 2021 orthophoto map. Spatial analyses presenting statistics of land use change were conducted in QGIS. Besides analysis of land use change, the paper discusses observed spatial patterns also taking into account changing social, environmental and economic conditions and spatial policies influencing land cover complexity. Understanding these dynamics would help better spatial management of real estates for more sustainable land development.

6

Waste fires in Poland and some of Their Environmental Implications – A Ten-Year Perspective

Bihałowicz Jan Stefan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 11

147--157

EN

Economic growth and development are connected with the increase in consumption. One of the side effects of progress is waste production. Sustainable development would also include proper management of waste, focusing on their recycling. However, the direct costs of recycling sometimes exceed the costs of waste storage. Therefore, waste storage in landfills is still widespread. Improper waste storage or deliberate actions can lead to waste fires. In the work, the statistics of landfill fires from the years 2012 to 2021 were analyzed. The work includes statistics of the parameters of fires reported in the reports of Polish State Fire Services. Additionally, the usage of the resources and materials for firefighting and their trends were discussed. It was shown that resources required for extinguishing waste fires were increasing in this period. The statistics are accompanied by spatiotemporal analyses of the location of fires based on Corine Land Cover which showed that approximately half of the fires are on arable land and non-continuous urban fabric while fires at dumpsites are relatively rare. The important concern is also that around 10% of very big waste fires are in forests. All these analyses lead to the assessment of some environmental impacts which are caused by waste fires.

7

Analysis of land use change in selected metropolitan areas in Poland based on remote sensing data

Kwoczyńska Bogusława

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2022

|

no. 1

73--101

EN

The aim of the study was to diagnose the main trends of changes in land cover in selected communes of Polish metropolitan areas. Detailed studies were conducted in deliberately selected housing estates located in the core of metropolitan area (at least one housing estate) and communes located directly at the border of cities and located on the outskirts of metropolitan areas. The examined communes also differed in the quality of natural conditions of agricultural production. The study used LANDSAT 5 TM and RapidEye satellite images from three limited-time registrations (1996/1999, 2011, 2016/2017). On the basis of remote sensing data, changes in land use were specified by presenting them in a graphic form as compilation of numerical maps. The analyses were performed on processed images (colour compositions), which were subjected to supervised classification using the maximum-likelihood technique. The quality control of supervised classification showed accuracy of 89.3% for LANDSAT 5 TM scene analyses and 91.8% for RapidEye images. Kappa coefficient for the discussed classification was: 0.84 (LANDSAT TM) and 0.89 (Rapid Eye). The results obtained for individual metropolitan areas allow to identify the directions of changes (Land Use Change Cover) taking place in them, with consideration to specificity of each of them.

8

Quantitative Analysis of Land Use Classification in Agricultural and Forest Areas

Matuk Olga

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 16, no. 4

59--77

EN

The article deals with the research on the quantitative classification of land use, which directly affects the amount of land use data collected in the real estate cadastre. For the purpose of this article, the cadastral systems of seven European countries – Austria, Bulgaria, Estonia, Spain, Lithuania, Germany and Poland – have been examined, taking into account how detailed is the classification in agricultural and forest areas. The research covered the provisions of legal acts applicable in the researched seven European countries and made available in national languages by the government bodies. The article asks the following three questions: 1) whether the researched countries adopted the same approach to isolating classes of items related to agricultural and forest areas; 2) whether the researched countries feature the same number of classes of items recorded at various levels of detail; 3) what is the percentage of the distinguished item classes of land uses in the agricultural and forest areas in relation to all of the distinguished item classes at all the levels of detail. The conducted research can be used as a material supporting works consisting of the modernization of the functioning of land registration in the real estate cadastre in Poland.

9

Dynamics of Land Use and Land Cover Change Using Geospatial Techniques – A Case Study of Baghdad, Iraq

Mezaal Mustafa Ridha, Mahmoud Ammar S., Jasim Mohammed A., Naje Ahmed Samir

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 6

216--226

EN

Urban land-cover change is increasing dramatically in most emerging countries. In Iraq and in the capital city (Baghdad). Active socioeconomic progress and political stability have pushed the urban border into the countryside at the cost of natural ecosystems at ever- growing rates. Widely used classifier of Maximum Likelihood was used for classification of 2003 and 2021 Landsat images. This classifier achieved 83.20% and 99.58% overall accuracies for 2003 and 2021 scenes, respectively. This study found that the urban area decreases by 16.4% and the agriculture area decrease by 5.4% over the period. On the other hand, barren land has been expanded up to more than 7% as well as increasing in water land that should probably due to flooding (almost 15% more than 2003). To reduce the undesirable effects of land-cover changes over urban ecosystems in Baghdad and in the municipality in specific, it is suggested that Baghdad develops an urban development policy. The emphasis of policy must be the maintenance an acceptable balance among urban infrastructure development, ecological sustainability and agricultural production.

10

Land Surface Temperature in Response to Land Use/Cover Change Based on Remote Sensing Data and GIS Techniques: Application to Saïss Plain, Morocco

El Garouani Manal, Amyay Mhamed, Lahrach Abderrahim, Oulidi Hassane Jarar

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 7

100--112

EN

In order to analyze the impact of land use and land cover change on land surface temperature (LST), remote sensing is the most appropriate tool. Land use/cover change has been confirmed to have a significant impact on climate through various aspects that modulate LST and precipitation. However, there are no studies which illustrate this link in the Fez-Meknes region using satellite observations. Thus, the aim of this study was to monitor LST as a function of the land use change in the Saïss plain. In the study, 12 Landsat images of the year 2019 (one image per month) were used to represent the variation of LST during the year, and 2 images per year in 1988, 1999 and 2009 to study the interannual variation in LST. The mapping results showed that the land use/cover in the region has undergone a significant evolution; an increase in the arboriculture and urbanized areas to detriment of arable lands and rangelands. On the basis of statistical analyses, LST varies during the phases of plant growth in all seasons and that it is diversified due to the positional influence of land use type. The relationship between LST and NDVI shows a negative correlation (LST decreases when NDVI increases). This explains the increase in LST in rangelands and arable land, while it decreases in irrigated crops and arboriculture.

11

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Three‑dimensional Mapping and Change Detection Analysis

Gbopa Adetola Olufunmilayo, Ayodele Emmanuel Gbenga, Okolie Chukwuma John, Ajayi Akinwumi Olaitan, Iheaturu Chima Jude

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2021

|

Vol. 15, no. 1

41--61

EN

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones are increasingly being used for three dimensional (3D) mapping of the environment. This study utilised UAV technology to produce a revised 3D map of the University of Lagos as well as land cover change detection analysis. A DJI Phantom 4 UAV was used to collect digital images at a flying height of 90 m, and 75% fore and 65% side overlaps. Ground control points (GCPs) for orthophoto rectification were coordinated with a Trimble R8 Global Navigation Satellite System. Pix4D Mapper was used to produce a digital terrain model and an orthophoto at a ground sampling distance of 4.36 cm. The change detection analysis, using the 2015 base map as reference, revealed a significant change in the land cover such as an increase of 16,306.7 m2 in buildings between 2015 and 2019. The root mean square error analysis performed using 7 GCPs showed a horizontal and vertical accuracy of 0.183 m and 0.157 m respectively. This suggests a high level of accuracy, which is adequate for 3D mapping and change detection analysis at a sustainable cost.

12

Geospatial Applicationsin Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection for Sustainable Regional Development:The Case of Central Haryana, India

Kumar Surender, Singh Ripudaman

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 15, no. 3

81--98

EN

Timely and accurate detection of land use/land cover (LULC) change is important for the macro and micro level sustainable development of any region. For this purpose, geospatial techniques are the best tool for change analysis as they supply timely, cheaper, precise and up to date information. This paper examines the spatial temporal change trend in LULC in the case of Central Haryana. Landsat 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8 images for the years 1975–2020 for pre and post monsoon periods were analyzed for the study. Radiometric correction was performed to derive better information. ArcGIS 10.2 and ENVI 5.3 are used for thematic layout and thematic change preparation. An unsupervised classification using ERDAS IMAGINE 2015 has also been done to classify study area in eight classes. The year 1975 is considered as the base year for change detection analysis. Results showed an increasing trend for the land use classes of built up, water body, and agricultural land without waterlogging in the pre and post monsoon periods between 1975 and 2020. Remaining land use classes of agriculture with waterlogging, open waterlogged area, vegetation and fallow land/sand dunes decreased during the same period. Increased human activities have changed the LULC in the region and have had a great impact on its sustainable regional development.

13

A Comparison of Land Use Classifications in Urbanized Areas in Selected European Countries

Matuk Olga

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2021

|

Vol. 15, no. 2

59--66

EN

The real estate cadastre is the primary source of information on land use. It re cords information related to the division of land into types based on the actual way of land use or development. The distinguished types of land use depend on many geographical factors, as well as historical and economic conditions. The study presents a comparison of the detail of land use classification registered in the real estate cadastre in areas functionally related to the urban areas of 9 European countries: Austria, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Spain, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Germany and Poland. The research concerned the determination of the degree to which the classification of land use in urbanized areas is detailed, whether the studied European countries are characterized by the same number of distinguished classes of ob jects at different levels of detail, and what percentage are the distinguished classes of land use objects in urbanized areas in relation to all of the distinguished classes of objects land use at different levels of detail of classification. The study used legal acts regulating land use issues which have been made available in national languages by government institutions.

14

Modelling of expansion changes of Vilnius city area and impacts on landscape patterns using an artificial neural network

Mirsanjari Mir Mehrdad, Suziedelyte-Visockiene Jurate, Mohammadyari Fatemeh, Zarandian Ardavan

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2021

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Vol. 28, nr 3

429--447

EN

The present study aimed to analyse changes in the land cover of Vilnius city and its surrounding areas and propose a scenario for their future changes using an Artificial Neural Network. The land cover dynamics modelling was based on a multilayer perceptron neural network. Landscape metrics at a class and landscape level were evaluated to determine the amount of changes in the land uses. As the results showed, the Built-up area class increased, while the forest (Semi forest and Dense forest) classes decreased during the period from 1999 to 2019. The predicted scenario showed a considerable increase of about 60 % in the Built-up area until 2039. The vegetation plant areas consist about 47 % of all the area in 2019, but it will be 36 % in 2039, if this trend (urban expansion) continues in the further. The findings further indicated the major urban expansion in the vegetation areas. However, Built-up area would expand over Semi forest land and Dense forest land, with a large part of them changed into built- up areas.

15

Klasyfikacja pokrycia terenu z wykorzystaniem obrazów Sentinel-2A przetworzonych za pomocą metody głównych składowych (PCA)

Kałużna Urszula, Będkowski Krzysztof

Teledetekcja Środowiska

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2020

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T. 61

19--37

PL

Celem badań jest ocena możliwości realizacji klasyfikacji nadzorowanej z wykorzystaniem obrazów (komponentów) uzyskiwanych w wyniku przetworzenia oryginalnych obrazów Sentinel-2A za pomocą metody głównych składowych (PCA). Klasyfikację wykonano w ośmiu wariantach, z wykorzystaniem algorytmów najmniejszej odległości (MD, Minimum Distance) oraz największego prawdopodobieństwa (ML, Maximum Likelihood), przy czym zastosowano oryginalne kanały 2, 3, 4, 8 Sentinel-2A oraz różną liczbę komponentów. Wyniki klasyfikacji oceniono poprzez porównanie z danymi o pokryciu terenu według Ewidencji Gruntów i Budynków (EGiB). Przeprowadzenie klasyfikacji na ograniczonej do dwóch liczbie komponentów uzyskanych w procedurze PCA tylko nieznacznie zmieniło wyniki w porównaniu do klasyfikacji na oryginalnych, nieprzetworzonych kanałach Sentinel-2A. Najbardziej zbliżone do danych EGiB rezultaty uzyskano stosując klasyfikację ML kanałów oryginalnych, nieprzetworzonych lub używając wszystkich komponentów PCA. Podjęta próba porównania pokrycia terenu ustalonego za pomocą klasyfikacji obrazów satelitarnych z klasami pokrycia, które zostały wyodrębnione z mapy EGiB wykazała, że przetworzenie mapy z postaci wektorowej na rastrową wpływa istotnie na uzyskiwane wyniki.

EN

The aim of the research is to assess the feasibility of supervised classification using images (components) obtained through processing the original Sentinel-2A images by means of the principal component method (PCA). The classification was performed in eight variants, using the algorithms of the minimum distance (MD) and the maximum likelihood (ML), with the original channels 2, 3, 4, 8 of Sentinel-2A and a various number of components. The results of the classification were assessed by comparing them to the land coverage data of Land and Buildings Register (Ewidencja Gruntów i Budynków – EGiB). Performing the classification on a number of PCA components limited to two only slightly altered the results compared to the classification on the original, raw Sentinel-2A channels. The results most similar to the EGiB data were obtained using the ML classification of the original channels, i.e. raw channels or using all PCA components. The attempt to compare the land coverage established by the classification of satellite images to the coverage classes that were extracted from the EGiB map revealed that processing the map from vector to raster form significantly influences the obtained results.

16

Response of the rotifer community to human-induced changes in the trophic state of a reservoir

Kim Seong-Ki, Kim Jeong-Cheol, Joo Jeong-Cheol, Choi Jong-Yun

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 4

329--344

EN

Human disturbance and nutrient runoff lead to water pollution, particularly in downstream waters and reservoirs. We hypothesized that increased human activity in summer would affect the trophic state of downstream reservoirs, affecting the interannual species composition of rotifers. We used long-term data for the Unmun Reservoir in South Korea (2009–2015), which is increasingly affected by human activity. The interannual variation of nitrogen and phosphorus levels was higher in summer and autumn, resulting in eutrophication. This led to a change in species composition of rotifers. Anuraeopsis fissa, Brachionus calyciflorus and Trichocerca gracilis were abundant in the most eutrophic state, while high densities of Ascomorpha ovalis and Ploesoma hudsoni were observed when nutrient concentrations were lower. The trophic state changes in the Unmun Reservoir were largely attributed to summer human activity in tributary streams. Our study location is typical of the stream network in South Korea and we assume that similar trophic state changes in reservoirs will be common. Changes in the density and species diversity of rotifers due to eutrophication indicate the need for active management and conservation, including the restriction of human activity around streams.

17

Analysis of Light Pollution of the Night Sky in Toruń (Poland)

Karpińska Dominika, Kunz Mieczysław

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2020

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Vol. 30, no. 4

155--172

EN

Light pollution is one of the types of environmental pollution. The sky illuminated by the excessive light emission is an inherent element of the modern world. This phenomenon has been known for over a century, but research has been carried out only for several decades. Analysis of the brightness of the sky was made for Toruń (Poland) and neighboring areas. The main aim of the study was to study the distribution of brightness of the sky over a medium-sized city. The basic research method was a direct measurement of brightness made with the SQM photometer. The conducted research was carried out throughout the calendar year on 24 measurement stations located in Toruń. Measurement stations represented various types of buildings occurring in every city. On the basis of the obtained data, a map was made showing the extent of light pollution and its intensity, as well as the spatial distribution of this phenomenon. The brightness of the sky was also examined in terms of astronomical and weather conditions. Each aspect is documented in tabular and visual form.

18

Zmiany pokrycia terenu w Polsce w latach 1990-2012 na podstawie danych CORINE Land Cover

Mierzwiak Michał, Całka Beata

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2019

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T. 17, z. 2(85)

127--140

PL

Ostatnie 25 lat w Polsce cechują duże zmiany społeczno-gospodarcze, wyraźnie widoczne także w pokryciu i użytkowaniu terenu. W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę ilościową, jakościową oraz przestrzenną zmian w pokryciu terenu, jakie zaszły w Polsce w latach 1990-2012, ze szczególnym zwróceniem uwagi na okresy: 1990-2000, 2000-2006 oraz 2006-2012. Analizy zostały wykonane na podstawie danych zgromadzonych w bazach CORINE Land Cover. Podstawowym celem badań była ocena zmian pokrycia terenu, które są następstwem zmian sposobu użytkowania ziemi w Polsce w okresie transformacji systemowej na przełomie XX i XXI wieku. Szczegółowo przeanalizowano przejmowanie gruntów rolnych i leśnych na budowę dróg oraz powiększanie terenów zabudowanych. Otrzymane wyniki pokazują, że powierzchnia zmian była stosunkowo niewielka i w żadnym z analizowanych okresów nie przekroczyła 1% powierzchni kraju. Zaobserwowano, że od 1990 roku następuje systematyczne zwiększanie terenów antropogenicznych głównie kosztem terenów rolniczych (gruntów ornych, sadów i plantacji oraz łąk i pastwisk) i zalesionych.

EN

The last 25 years in Poland are characterized by large socio-economic changes, clearly visible in the land cover. The article presents quantitative, qualitative and spatial characteristics of land cover changes in Poland in the years 1990-2012, with special attention paid to the periods 1990-2000, 2000-2006 and 2006-2012. The analyses base on CORINE land Cover data. The main objective of the study was to analyze the urbanization and accompanying land take of agricultural lands and forest for the construction of roads and the spread of built-up areas. The results show that the area of land cover changes was relatively small and it does not exceeded 1% of the country's territory. Since 1990 a systematic increase in anthropogenic areas is observed which is accompanying with afforestation, and decrease of arable lands.

19

Spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation cover in North-West Algeria using remote sensing data

Tayeb Tayeb Si, Kheloufi Benabdeli

Polish Cartographical Review

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2019

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Vol. 51, No. 3

117--127

EN

Land cover change is the result of complex interactions between social and environmental systems which change over time. While climatic and biophysics phenomena were for a long time the principal factor of land transformations, human activities are today the origin of the major part of land transformation which affects natural ecosystems. Quantification of natural and anthropogenic impacts on vegetation cover is often hampered by logistical issues, including (1) the difficulty of systematically monitoring the effects over large areas and (2) the lack of comparison sites needed to evaluate the effect of the factors. The effective procedure for measuring the degree of environmental change due to natural factors and human activities is the multitemporal study of vegetation cover. For this purpose, the aim of this work is the analysis of the evolution of land cover using remote sensing techniques, in order to better understand the respective role of natural and anthropogenic factors controlling this evolution. A spatio-temporal land cover dynamics study on a regional scale in Oranie, using Landsat data for two periods (1984–2000) and (2000–2011) was conducted. The images of the vegetation index were classified into three classes based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values and analysed using image difference approach. The result shows that the vegetation cover was changed. An intensive regression of the woody vegetation and forest land resulted in -22.5% of the area being lost between 1984 and 2000, 1,271 km2 was converted into scrub formations and 306 km2 into bare soil. On the other hand, this class increased by around 45% between 2000 and 2011, these evolutions resulting from the development of scrub groups with an area of 1,875.7 km2.

20

Land-use Assessment and its Influence on Spatial Distribution of Rainfall Erosivity: Case Study of Cameron Highlands Malaysia

Ul Mustafa Muhammad Raza, Sholagberu Abdulkadir Taofeeq, Syazwan Muhammad Asyraf, Yusof Khamaruzaman Wan, Hashim Ahmad Mustafa, Abdurrasheed Abdurrasheed S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 2

183--190

EN

Over the years, Cameron Highlands have witnessed extensive land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes due to the massive agricultural and urbanization activities. This significantly contributed to the erosion problems in the area. Rainfall erosivity that measures the aggressiveness of raindrop in triggering soil erosion is one of its major components that could be influenced by the LULC changes in watersheds. However, the research relating to the LULC changes with the erosivity especially in the complex landscape is scarce. Hence, this study applies geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques to assess the LULC changes and their influence on the rainfall erosivity distribution in mountainous watershed of Cameron Highlands. Four Landsat images and the rainfall data from the period of thirty years were analysed for the development of LULC and erosivity maps respectively in ArcGIS environment. The study showed that the study area experienced immense land-use changes especially in agriculture and urbanization which affected the erosivity distribution. The LULC change for agriculture increased linearly in the last 30 years from 7.9% in 1986 to almost 16.4% in 2016. The results showed that urban development increased from 5.1% in 1986 to 11.4% in 2016. The increasing urbanization trend was targeted to meet up with tourism requirement in Cameron Highlands. However, forest class declined tremendously due to the exploration of land for agriculture practice and other various types of development. Watershed managers and other stakeholders should find this study beneficial in tackling erosion and its associated ecological challenges.