Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

Ograniczanie wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 2

Liczba wyników na stronie

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Wyszukiwano:
w słowach kluczowych: lactation

Sortuj według:

Ogranicz wyniki do:

OFAT versus DOE as two optimization protocols for the chromatographic analysis of some OTC pharmaceuticals carrying negative cardiovascular effects and administered by pregnant and breast-feeding females: Application to dose dependent effect

El Sherbiny Dina, Wahba Mary E. K.

Acta Chromatographica

2021

Vol. 33, no. 1

11--24

A simple HPLC technique has been utilized for rapid and sensitive quantitative analysis of two mixtures of drugs that are used during pregnancy and lactation. Drugs of the first mixture are used to manage gastrointestinal tract illness that are common during early stages of pregnancy, while pharmaceutical agents of the second mixture are administered over the counter as galactagogues or to overcome postpartum depression. Mixture I includes famotidine (FMT), ranitidine (RNT), nizatidine (NZT), and pantoprazole (PNT), which were separated on a C18 column using a mobile phase composed of methanol: 0.02 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate (60:40, v/v) of pH 6.9, adopting UV detection at 240 nm at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Mixture II on the other hand, consists of domperidone (DOM), metoclopramide (MET), and sulpiride (SUL). These drugs were eluted using the same column and flow rate as those in mixture I, using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: 0.075 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate (30:70, v/v) of pH 6 adopting a detection wavelength 270 nm. Two optimization protocols were utilized to optimize the chromatographic separation conditions, namely one factor at a time (OFAT) and design of experiments (DOE) where face centered cube response surface experimental design was chosen for this investigation. Comparison of the results obtained from both protocols reveals the accordance between them. Full validation procedure under guidance of United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) was applied to the proposed methods which enabled their application to separate the drugs of both mixtures in spiked rat whole blood samples and in vivo analysis of rat heart blood.

Chemical communication in mammal population : urinary olfactory chemosignals in lactating female root voles (Microtus oeconomus Pallas)

Yu H., Zhao X., Yue P., Sun P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2010

Vol. 58, nr 1

153-165

Urine is a major source of mammalian chemosignals. Among rodents, the sexual attractiveness and chemical constituents of urine vary with different reproductive stages. We confirmed the differing sexual attractiveness to males of the urine of lactating and non-lactating female root voles (Microtus oeconomus) and analyzed individual coding forms and lactation-specific putative pheromones, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). First, we documented the behavioral preference of male voles to urine odors of lactating and non-lactating females in a choice maze. The results showed that male voles engaged in more sniffing behavior and spent more time self-grooming in response to urinary odors of lactating females than to urinary odors of non-lactating females. We then used GC-MS to analyze the urine.s individual coding forms and potential chemosignals. We identified 34 volatile compounds, corresponding to 34 GC peaks, in the urine of female voles. The components identified in the urine samples included benzo- forms, alkanes, alkenes, acids, esters, pyrans, alcohols, and other volatile compounds. 12 basic volatiles were detected in all urine samples while others were specific to individuals. (E)5-octadecene and (N) hexadecanoic acid were specific to the lactating stage. A quantitative comparison of the relative abundances of the basic GC peaks showed no difference between the lactating and non-lactating stages, suggesting that individual identity is coded in digital form. We suggest that the urine of lactating females possesses stronger sexual attraction cues because of the presence of (E)5-octadecene and (N)hexadecanoic acid, which are putative lactating pheromones. However, the specific function of the pheromones should be assessed further by bioassay.