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1

Influence of Shot Peening on the Wear Behaviour of Medium Carbon Steel

Vicen Martin, Bokůvka Otakar, Trško Libor, Drbul Mário, Nikolić Ružica, Nový František

Production Engineering Archives

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2022

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Vol. 28, Iss. 3

241--245

EN

Influence of shot peening on the wear behaviour of medium carbon, C55 steel was experimentally verified. Experimental work included determination of the chemical composition, heat treatment, microstructure evaluation, mechanical properties measurement, shot peening treatment, the magnitude of the compressive residual stresses was evaluated, roughness profiles measurement and finally the friction tests. The results evidence the significant role played by the applied shot peening on wear behaviour of medium carbon steel. An important effect of surface roughness has been demonstrated. The coefficient of friction after shot peening compared to ground surface increased, 1.44 – 1.85 times.

2

Application of the 3D Digital Image Correlation to the analysis of deformation of joints welded with the FSW method after shot peening

Kubit A., Bucior M., Kluz R., Święch Ł., Ochał K.

Advances in Materials Science

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2019

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Vol. 19, nr 4(62)

57--66

EN

The three dimensional Digital Image Correlation (3D DIC) method is used for measurements of deformations and displacement in plane elements exposed to loading. The paper presents the experimental tests of an application of the ARAMIS system to the analysis of deformation of joints welded with the FSW method after shot peening treatment. The butt joints were made of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheets with the thickness of 1 mm, which next were peened with glass beads about granulation in range 500 ÷ 900 μm. Tests of residual stresses by X-ray diffraction were also carried out. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of shot peening on the value of stresses and the location of deformations in butt joints.

3

Effect of shot peening on microstructure, hardness, and corrosion resistance of AISI 316L

Iswanto P. T., Akhyar H., Faqihudin A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 89, nr 1

19--26

EN

Purpose: This research conducted to analyse the effect of shot peening on surface structure, hardness, and resistance to corrosion of AISI 316L. Design/methodology/approach: The shot peening process is carried out on the surface of 316L stainless steel samples with four peening durations, and they are 2, 4, 15, and 30 minutes. Shot ball steel with diameter 0.4 mm for metal shot blasting and model S110 of ISO 11124/3 and SAEJ827, with the chemical composition, are C (0.8-1.2 wt.%), Mn (0.6-1.2 wt.%), Si (min. 0.4 wt.%), S (max. 0.05 wt.%), P (max. 0.05 wt.%), with a hardness of steelball, about 40-50 HRC. The pressure of compressor kept constant at 8 bar with a diameter of the nozzle is 5 mm, and the distance between the nozzle and the sample surface variated by 6 cm and 12 cm for each shooting duration. Findings: The result shows that the shot peening increases the surface hardness of the material, changes the microstructure on the surface layer and increases the resistance to corrosion. Shot peening with 30 minutes of shooting duration and 6 cm of shooting distance can improve the metal surface properties, which has a surface hardness of 772.23 HV and good on corrosion resistance. Research limitations/implications: The results of this experiment show that shot peening distance of 6 cm for 30 minutes achieved the highest surface hardness of AISI 316L. The corrosion rate decline with increasing duration and nearer distance of shooting balls. Practical implications: In the development of the implant material, AISI 316L need to be improved, its material properties, so it can be used safely and compatibly. Shot peening is a cold working process of metal to increase the material properties by shooting the steel ball into the surface of a material. Originality/value: Based on the experimental results it was obtained that variations shot peening distance and shot peening duration can change grain morphologies, subsequently affect hardness and corrosion resistance on AISI 316L.

4

Possibilities of Increasing the Fatigue Strength of Welded Joints in Steel S700MC through High Frequency Impact Treatment (HiFIT)

Krasnowski K.

Biuletyn Instytutu Spawalnictwa w Gliwicach

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2018

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Vol. 62, No. 6

7--15

EN

The article presents today's possibilities of modifying the fatigue strength of welded joints made in steel S700MC using the high frequency impact treatment (HiFIT). Research-related fatigue tests involved MAG-welded butt joints, T-joints with two-sided fillet welds as well as joints with a longitudinal rib and a girth fillet weld. The tests required the adjustment of appropriate parameters of the HiFIT and the performance ot' the above-named treatment in relation to the half of previously made joints. The article presents results of fatigue tests of joints after welding and after the HiFIT. The research also included the development of fatigue characteristics and the calculation of fatigue categories FAT, constituting the basis for the design of structures exposed to fatigue (in accordance with European standards). The results obtained in the tests unequivocally demonstrated the possibility of increasing the fatigue strength of welded joints made in steel S700MC by applying the HiFIT, with the level of fatigue strength modification depending on the type of a joint.

PL

Przedstawiono współczesne możliwości modyfikacji wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej złączy spawanych, wykonanych ze stali S700MC poprzez młotkowanie z dużą częstotliwością techniką HiFIT (z ang. High Freąuency Impact Treatment). Do badań zmęczeniowych wykonano za pomocą spawania metodą MAG złącza doczołowe, złącza teowe ze spoinami pachwinowymi dwustronnymi ora/, złącza z żebrem podłużnym i spoiną pachwinową obwodową. Dobrano parametry dla techniki młotkowania z dużą częstotliwością (HiFTT) oraz wykonano taką obróbkę na połowie uprzednio wykonanych złączy. Przedstawiono wyniki badań zmęczeniowych złączy w sta¬nie po spawaniu oraz w stanie po obróbce udarowej techniką HiFIT. Opracowano charakterystyki zmęczeniowe oraz obliczono kategorie zmęczeniowe FAT, stanowiące podstawę do projektowania konstrukcji narażonych na zmęczenie wg norm europejskich. Uzyskane wyniki badań jednoznacznie wskazują, że można zwiększyć wytrzymałość zmęczeniową złączy spawanych stali S700MC stosując technikę młotkowania HiFIT, a stopień tej modyfikacji zależy od rodzaju złącza.

5

Analysis of the impact of double shot peening on the value of roughness parameter and distribution of stresses in the RSA 501 alloy

Byczkowska Paulina, Sawicki Jacek, Januszewicz Bartłomiej, Stegliński Mariusz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2018

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Vol. 12, no 3

1--9

EN

The bead blasting process is widespread in both the automotive and aerospace industry and is performed in order to improve the fatigue strength of various components. Bead blasting is a cold plastic forming process during which the surface of the material processed is hit by small, hard particles consisting of steel pellets, bearing balls or glass beads. It increases the hardness of the outer layer and establishes compression stresses inside it, which is why this processing is often used to improve fatigue strength. Contrary to other peening methods, bead blasting does not result in a reduction in the height of the processed surface’s unevenness in most cases. Shot peening changes the residual tensile stresses into residual compression stresses, thanks to which, the lifetime of the parts processed is extended and their carrying capacity is increased. The double shot peening process proposed by the authors consists in a two-stage bead blasting process. The first stage consists in blasting with round cast steel pellets, pellets cut from wire or cast iron pellets. During the second stage the same samples underwent glass bead blasting. The tests conducted on the RSA-501 aluminum alloy indicate that as a result of the processing medium’s impact in the form of glass beads or pellets of different diameter and shape, a permanent plastic deformation of the material surface occurs. On the basis of the obtained results it is possible to infer that the choice of parameters of both conventional shot peening and the double shot peening determine the impact thereof on the material’s mechanical properties. Thanks to the application of the double shot peening process there is a noticeable decrease in value of the Ra parameter, by about 40% on average. When analyzing the compressive stress results it is possible to state that after the first blasting process the value of stress was increasing when moving deeply into the sample from its surface, while after the glass bead blasting the value of compressive stress was significantly higher already near the surface. Double shot peening results in an increase in the value of compressive stresses by 40-50% when compared to conventional blasting.

6

The effect of shot peening on the corrosion behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V alloy made by DMLS

Żebrowski R., Walczak M.

Advances in Materials Science

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2018

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Vol. 18, nr 3(57)

43--54

EN

Additive Manufacturing processes are being used increasingly in the scope of medicine and dentistry. As indicated by literature data, the durability and quality of medical implants is decisively influenced by surface modification. Insufficient quality of surface finishing leads, among others, to reduced service life of applied implants and to increased number of necessary revision surgeries. Furthermore, various types of finishing processes e.g. cleaning, shot peening or abrasive techniques are suggested by the manufacturers of products made by means of DMLS processes. Due to this fact, the analysis of proper formation of the surface layer of titanium products made by means of the method consisting in the direct laser sintering of metal powders (DMLS) was the subject matter of our research. Therefore, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy has been used for tests. The samples have been produced by means of EOSINT M280 system dedicated for laser sintering of metal powders. The surfaces of prepared samples have been subjected to shot peening process at three different values of working pressure (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 MPa) by means of three different working media i.e. CrNi steel shot, crushed nut shells and ceramic balls. The characteristics of the materials used for shot peening process have been determined by means of Zeiss Ultra Plus scanning electron microscope. The samples have been subjected to profilometric measurements on Bruker Contour GT optical profilometer and the corrosion behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy in Ringer solution has been determined in electrode impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements by means of Atlas 0531 set dedicated for corrosion testing. The overall results of all tests indicate to favourable influence of the shot peening process on the corrosion behaviour of titanium alloy.

7

Ensuring uniformity of strengthening for machine parts surfaces by shot-peening

Stotsko Z. A., Stefanovych T. O.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 43, nr 1

440--447

EN

Purpose: of this paper is developing the mathematical models of shot-peening, in which is reflected moving shot-peening head or machine parts surfaces during treating that will achieve uniformity of treatment machine parts. Design/methodology/approach: The main methods used for the theoretical research are mathematical modelling, integral calculus, fundamentals of analytic geometry, probability theory. It is used approved enough and well known numerical methods for calculations after mathematical models. Findings: Method of mathematical modeling for shot-peening is developed based on the energy conception. Mathematical model in which is reflected moving shot-peened head or machine parts surfaces during treating is created. It allows forecasting the characteristics of surface quality depending on the technological modes of treatment. Research limitations/implications: It is planned developing and improving the methods of shot-peening mathematical modeling in future research by extending theirs for the curvilinear treated surfaces, which has movement relative to the nozzle of shot-peening head after the different laws of motion, and for different kinds of materials, especially for metal joint endoprosthesis biomaterials. Practical implications: has the applied software, elaborated on the basis of the models, that allows providing for automation of calculations of the characteristics of surface quality depending on the technological modes of treatment. Originality/value: It is pioneered receiving functional dependences in which is reflected moving shot-peened head or machine parts surfaces during treating. Created functional dependences takes into account the distribution of characteristics of working medium (mass and velocity) all along the cross-sections of shot blast.

8

Application of multiple regression and neural networks to synthesize a model for peen forming process planning

Delijaicov S., Fleury A.T., Martins F. P. R.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 43, nr 2

651--656

EN

Purpose: this paper aims to present a simple method to synthesize an empirically-based model that permit to estimate the maximum displacement of a plate when a shotpeening process values are known. Design/methodology/approach: This approach regards the difficulty to develop a mathematical model to describe the relationship between the shot peening process variables (shot diameter, impact velocity, static preload and coverage) and the curvature of the piece. Such a model was generated through the application of statistical inference methods - multivariable regression and neural networks – to a set of experimental data concerning the application of peen forming processes to a group of 215 aluminium 7050 alloy rectangular plates. Findings: Although the estimated displacements from both models comply reasonably well with the experimental data, the obtained results exposed the superiority of the regressive model concerning accuracy. Research limitations/implications: Shot peen forming, a die less forming process, is one of the most successful methods to produce slight and smooth curvatures on large panels and plates. Through the application of a regulated blast of small round steel shot on the piece surface, a thin internal layer of residual compressive stress causes the elastic stretching of the shotted surface, giving rise to a permanent non-plastic deformation of the whole piece. Although this forming process has been used since the fifties, especially by the aerospatial industry, a scientific method for peen forming process planning has not been developed yet. Originality/value: The referred model can be used as an engineering tool to aid setting up a peen forming process in order to produce a desired curvature on a given plate.

9

Application of computer vision methods to estimate the coverage of peen formed plates

Vieira L. C., Almeida de R. H. Z., Martins F. P. R., Fleury A.T.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 43, nr 2

743--749

EN

Purpose: this paper aims to present a simple method that allows for a systematic estimation of coverage of peen aluminum workpiece submitted to a peen form process. Design/methodology/approach: This approach is based on the application of computer vision techniques for segmenting amplified images of the shot peening processed surface. The work has employed two combined methods of image segmentation – inductive algorithm generated rule segmentation and a multiagent segmentation system. Findings: The two combined methods of image segmentation has allowed for an estimation of low coverage plates as well as done by human expert. Furthermore a model of the spatial shot distribution was also achieved. Research limitations/implications: The surrogated method is suitable for plates with relative low coverages, circa 50 %. Originality/value: The model can be regarded as useful by acelerating the coverage evaluation in comparison with conventional industrial approach.

10

The thermal balance of mechanical shot peening process

Brezinova J., Guzanova A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

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2008

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z. 73 [253]

43-46

EN

The paper deals with the temperature influence of substrate during shot peening with using of contact measure method by thermocouples. Identical results like in process of shot peening are possible to achieve by application of high-speed cold forming processes. Relative mass of energy absorbed by deformated material is reduced with increasing deformation degree. Heating measure depends on deformation condition, speed and degree of deformation.

11

Selected properties of chromium coating elements after shot peening

Dzierwa A., Pawlus P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

|

2008

|

z. 73 [253]

97-100

EN

The paper presents results of the experimental investigations concerning chosen properties of chromium coating in relation to specimens made from 41Cr4 steel (coating thickness about 25 µm) and finished by shot penning. It has been found that shot penning of chromium coating can improve level of fatigue strength and slightly increase its microhardness.

12

Możliwości umacniania warstw azotowanych metodą dynamicznej powierzchniowej obróbki plastycznej

Nakonieczny A., Tacikowski J., Pokorska I., Mońka G.

Inżynieria Materiałowa

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2008

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Vol. 29, nr 6

605-607

PL

Kulowanie jest technologią szeroko stosowaną w praktyce przemysłowej w celu poprawy właściwości eksploatacyjnych części maszyn. Powszechnie znane są korzyści płynące z zastosowania dynamicznej powierzchniowej obróbki plastycznej – kulowania, takie jak: wzrost wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej, wytrzymałości stykowej i odporności na korozję naprężeniową. Wykorzystanie technologii kulowania dla umacniania warstw azotowanych spotyka się w ostatnich latach z rosnącym zainteresowaniem badaczy. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu łącznej obróbki azotowania i kulowania na właściwości mechaniczne stali 40HM. Zastosowano nowe rozwiązanie procesu azotowania umożliwiające wytwarzanie warstw azotowanych bez warstwy azotków żelaza na powierzchni. W artykule zamieszczono wyniki badań strukturalnych, pomiarów twardości, naprężeń własnych, wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej w układzie giętnoobrotowym oraz odporności na zużycie przez tarcie.

EN

Shot-peening is a method widely used in industrial practice in order to enhance service properties of machine components. Commonly known are such advantages derived from this dynamic surface cold working, i.e. shot-peening, as: increase of fatigue strength, contact fatigue, resistance to stress corrosion. The utilization of shot-peening to the enhancement of nitrided layers is the object of increased interest of researchers. The aim of this project was to determine the effect of a 2-step nitriding and shot-peening treatment on the mechanical properties of 40HM (AISI4140) grade steel. A new approach to the nitriding process was taken, enabling the formation of nitrided cases free of the iron nitride layers at the surface. The article contains the results of structural investigations, hardness measurements, measurements of residual stresses, rotational bending fatigue, as well as wear resistance.

13

The improvement of fatique properties of chromium coated elements by shot peening

Dzierwa A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

|

2006

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z. 68 [231]

53-56

EN

The paper presents results of the tests concerning fatigue strength and in relation to specimens made of 40H steel (coating thickness about 25 µm) and finished by shot peening. It has been found that the shot-peening of chromium coats can improve level of fatigue strength.

14

Wpływ pneumokulkowania na wybrane właściwości stopu MgAl8ZnMn

Żarski T.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

|

2004

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z. 62 [209]

427--432

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wstępnych, przeprowadzonych na stopie magnezu MgAl8ZnMn poddanym pneumokulkowaniu. Zbadano wpływ pneumokulkowania na wytrzymałość na rozciąganie oraz mikrotwardość. Badaniom poddano także powierzchnię stopu przez pomiar chropowatości.

EN

The paper presents results of the tests performed on MgAl8ZnMn alloy after bearing ball peening. Bearing ball peening influence on tensile strength and microhardness were tested. Surface roughness tests were performed too.

15

The investigation of chromium coatings pneumatic ball peening possibilities

Dzierwa A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

|

2002

|

z. 58 [193]

67-72

EN

In the article the results of initial researches of chromium coating pneumatic ball peening possibilities are presented. The chromium layers of 50 µm placed on the 40H steel base of 230 HB hardness have been examined. Different times of processing, various degree of the peening traces covering and different stereometrical features of ball-peened surfaces have been achieved.

16

Temperature changes of substrate surface layers during the peening process

Kniewald D., Brezinova J.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

|

2002

|

z. 58 [193]

115-120

EN

Contribution tells about thermal influence of substrate during the shot peening by using measurement with thermocouples and thermo vision technique. For comparison we used temperature characteristics of peening substrates changes during the shot peening by different kind of peening mediums in the process of pneumatic peening. By using thermo vision technique there were measured thermal area extensions.

17

Bearing ball peening influence on surface layer

Żarski T., Korzyński M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

|

2002

|

z. 58 [193]

341-345

EN

Magnesium MgAl8MnZn alloy specimens have been finished with bearing ball peening. Its influence on specimen surface layer and their basic properties have been investigated. Some examples of industrial applications of magnesium alloys have been described too.

18

Badanie możliwości pneumokulkowania powłok chromowych

Dzierwa P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

|

2001

|

z. 55 [185]

23-29

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki wstępnych badań pneumokulkowania powłok chromowych. Badano powłoki chromu technicznego grubości 50 m nałożone na podłoże ze stali 40H o twardości 230 HB. Różnicując czas obróbki, uzyskiwano różny stopień pokrycia śladami pneumokulkowania, po czym dokonano pomiarów wybranych parametrów chropowatości powierzchni. Określono parametry i możliwości pneumokulkowania powłok chromowych.

EN

In this article results of chromic coating shootpeening beta testing was shown. Chromic coating 50 m in thickness coated on the steel 40H subsoil, which has 230 HB was testing. Changing treatment time was getting various cover extent of impact impression and after that chosen parameters of surface roughness to measure them. Parameters and possibilities of the chromic layer shootpeening was determined.

19

Influence of the technology on the tribological properties of the titanium alloys

Serebriakow W., Gajek M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

|

2000

|

z. 54 [179]

85-86

EN

The paper presents results of the experimental research of the coefficient of the friction two contacting elements of surface from the titanium alloy with a steel or from the titanium alloy after milling cutter or drilling process or shot peening and also following hard covering anodic oxidition process or protective coating of electrophoresis process depending on the load and the speed.