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1

Labour market regulation of individual countries under an applied interpretation of keynes and friedman's theories

Alishli Aynur, Alili Amil, Teymurova Vusala, Huseynov Rashad

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2024

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Vol. 29, No. 1

24--42

EN

The study intends to analyse the realities of labour market regulation in the transition economies of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia using Keynesian theory and the monetary approach. The research methods included the identification of key indicators of economic activity within the context of macroeconomic development features and comparative analysis of statistical data on economic performance and labour market development based on international databases for countries in the region. Keynesian theory and the monetary approach were incorporated into the study design to discover and reevaluate labour vulnerabilities concerning objective economic impact possibilities. The novelty of the study lies in the determination of a model of government intervention that is more adequate for the development of the labour market and human capital based on the policy experience of the countries of the EECCA region as transition economies. The result of these studies is an assessment of the economic results and state of the labour market of the countries of the region. This assessment is based on international statistical data. It suggests that the optimal model is a policy distant from the extremes of high or minimal government intervention. Additionally, the use of a high degree of financial openness of the economy in the short term is recommended as an incentive for investment and market development, labour, and its integration into the global division of labour. This would offer a thorough examination of the overall economic interactions in the employment sector in light of the country’s national features.

PL

Badanie ma na celu analizę rzeczywistości regulacji rynku pracy w gospodarkach przejściowych Europy Wschodniej, Kaukazu i Azji Środkowej z wykorzystaniem teorii keynesowskiej i podejścia monetarnego. Metody badawcze obejmowały identyfikację kluczowych wskaźników aktywności gospodarczej w kontekście cech rozwoju makroekonomicznego oraz analizę porównawczą danych statystycznych dotyczących wyników ekonomicznych i rozwoju rynku pracy na podstawie międzynarodowych baz danych dla krajów regionu. Teoria keynesowska i podejście monetarne zostały włączone do projektu badania w celu odkrycia i ponownego ocenienia wrażliwości rynku pracy w odniesieniu do obiektywnych możliwości wpływu ekonomicznego. Nowością badania jest określenie modelu interwencji rządowej, który jest bardziej adekwatny dla rozwoju rynku pracy i kapitału ludzkiego, oparty na doświadczeniach politycznych krajów regionu EECCA jako gospodarek przejściowych. Wyniki tych badań to ocena wyników gospodarczych i stanu rynku pracy krajów regionu. Ocena ta opiera się na międzynarodowych danych statystycznych i sugeruje, że optymalny model to polityka oddalona od skrajności wysokiej lub minimalnej interwencji rządowej. Dodatkowo zaleca się stosowanie wysokiego stopnia otwartości finansowej gospodarki w krótkim okresie jako bodźca do inwestycji i rozwoju rynku pracy oraz jego integracji z globalnym podziałem pracy. To pozwoli na dogłębną analizę ogólnych interakcji gospodarczych w sektorze zatrudnienia w świetle cech narodowych danego kraju.

2

Initiators and motives for cooperation in humanitarian supply chains

Witkowski Jarosław, Marcinkowski Jakub

LogForum

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2022

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Vol. 18, no. 3

263--274

EN

Background: The concept of humanitarian supply chain management is based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of the idea of cooperation between industry and trade. The overarching goal of humanitarian aid is to save or improve people's quality of life, which makes the problem of economic efficiency a secondary issue. The subjective structure of supply chains is also different, which determines the division of roles and motives in the process of cooperation between their participants. The publication aims to identify differences and controversies related to the transformation of the business concept of supply chain management into the cooperation of entities as part of humanitarian aid actions. Consequently, the second objective tends to identify factors of logistic cooperation among humanitarian organizations. Methods: To achieve both goals, the article was divided into a theoretical part on the idea of logistics cooperation in supply chains (methods: logical analysis and critical analysis of the subject literature) and a presentation of the results of an anonymous questionnaire survey diagnosing initiators and determinants of logistics cooperation in humanitarian supply chains in Poland (methods: questionnaire survey and descriptive statistics). Results: Humanitarian and business supply chains differ in terms of the purpose of functioning, the main entity that coordinates material, information, financial, human and reverse flows, stakeholders of the activities carried out, the location of the idea of cooperation in the supply chain management system and the impact of external conditions on efficiency of functioning. Regularities are diagnosed with respect to the initiators and factors of logistic cooperation in humanitarian supply chains: (1) the main initiators of logistic cooperation in humanitarian supply chains are humanitarian organizations who (2) underestimate the important factors and opportunities to achieve synergistic effects, there is a (3) requirement for greater involvement of national government institutions and international humanitarian organizations, and (4) the type of a humanitarian crisis has an impact on logistic cooperation. Conclusions: A random sample of 100 humanitarian NGOs based on a survey requires a more complete diagnosis of the initiators and the correctness of logistic cooperation in humanitarian supply chains from the perspective of other actors and beneficiaries of aid actions, as well as in the context of competition of cooperating entities, i.e., coopetition. Survey responses obtained should be confronted with an in-depth analysis of a case study of logistic cooperation in humanitarian supply chains to war refugees from Ukraine.

3

Geospatial solutions for evaluating the impact of the Tigray conflict on farming

Demissie Biadgilgn, Nyssen Jan, Annys Sofe, Negash Emnet, Gebrehiwet Tesfakiros, Abay Fetien, Wolf Eleonore

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 3

1285--1299

EN

Military conflicts strongly affect agricultural activities. This has strong implications for people’s livelihoods when agriculture is the backbone of the economy. We assessed the effect of the Tigray conflict on farming activities using freely available remote sensing data. For detecting greenness, a normalized difference vegetation Index (NDVI) was analyzed in Google Earth Engine (GEE) using Sentinel 2 satellite images acquired in the pre-war (2020) and during war (2021) spring seasons. CHIRPS data were analyzed in GEE to understand the rainfall conditions. The NDVI of 2020 showed that farmlands were poorly covered with vegetation. However, in 2021, vegetation cover existed in the same season. The NDVI changes stretched from −0.72 to 0.83. The changes in greenness were categorized as increase (2167 km2 ), some increase (18,386 km2 ), no change (1.6 km2 ), some decrease (8269 km2 ), and decrease (362 km2 ). Overall, 72% of the farmlands have seen increases in green vegetation before crops started to grow in 2021. Scattered patches with decreases in vegetation cover correspond to irrigation farms and spring-cropping rain-fed farms uncultivated in 2021. There was no clear pattern of changes in vegetation cover as a function of agro-climatic conditions. The precipitation analysis shows less rainfall in 2021 as compared to 2020, indicating that precipitation has not been an important factor. The conflict is most responsible for fallowing farmlands covered with weeds in the spring season of 2021. The use of freely accessible remote sensing data helps recognizing absence of ploughing in crisis times.

4

Unia Europejska wobec kryzysów humanitarnych – nowe podejście

Górski S.

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2016

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Nr 59 (3)

157--168

PL

W artykule omówiono funkcjonujące na poziomie wspólnotowym administracyjne sposoby (instrumenty) udzielania pomocy ratowniczej i humanitarnej w sytuacjach zagrożeń spowodowanych siłami natury lub działalnością człowieka. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono analizie nowego instrumentu (2016) przeznaczonego do udzielania wsparcia w sytuacjach nadzwyczajnych na terenie Unii Europejskiej. Dokonano porównania nowego instrumentu z Unijnym Mechanizmem Ochrony Ludności oraz przeanalizowano polityczne i organizacyjne powody utworzenia nowych rozwiązań, służących de facto minimalizowaniu kryzysów humanitarnych związanych ze zjawiskiem migracji.

EN

The article discusses the European Union formal (administrative) instruments dedicated for civil protection and humanitarian support during the natural or man-made disasters. Particular attention was paid to analysis of the new instrument (2016) on the provision of emergency support within the Union. A comparison of the new instrument and EU Civil Protection Mechanism shows similarities and differences of those instruments. The author examines the political and organizational reasons for creation of new instrument, which was in fact designed to minimize humanitarian crises emanated from the migration.

5

Pomoc medyczna w czasie trwania kryzysu humanitarnego

Drewek W.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 6

554--568, CD 2

PL

W artykule przedstawiono pomoc medyczną w czasie trwania kryzysu humanitarnego. Pomoc medyczna jest jednym z najważniejszych segmentów w całym łańcuchu niesienia pomocy, decyduje o życiu poszkodowanych. Szybka i efektywna reakcja w dostarczeniu medycznej pomocy humanitarnej może ocalić nie jedno życie i zdrowie. Specjalizuje ona się w udzielaniu pomocy medycznej, organizowaniu, gromadzeniu i dystrybucji artykułów medycznych podczas katastrof naturalnych lub antropogenicznych na obszarach nimi dotkniętych.

EN

The article presents the medical assistance during a humanitarian crisis. Medical assistance is one of the most important segments in the entire chain of helping, it decides on the lives of victims. Fast and efficient reaction in providing the medical humanitarian assistance can save more than one life and health. It is specialized in providing medical assistance, organizing, collecting and distributing medical supplies during natural or anthropogenic disasters in affected areas.

6

Pomoc medyczna w czasie trwania kryzysu humanitarnego

Drewek W.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 6

554--568, CD 2

PL

W artykule przedstawiono pomoc medyczną w czasie trwania kryzysu humanitarnego. Pomoc medyczna jest jednym z najważniejszych segmentów w całym łańcuchu niesienia pomocy, decyduje o życiu poszkodowanych. Szybka i efektywna reakcja w dostarczeniu medycznej pomocy humanitarnej może ocalić nie jedno życie i zdrowie. Specjalizuje ona się w udzielaniu pomocy medycznej, organizowaniu, gromadzeniu i dystrybucji artykułów medycznych podczas katastrof naturalnych lub antropogenicznych na obszarach nimi dotkniętych.

EN

The article presents the medical assistance during a humanitarian crisis. Medical assistance is one of the most important segments in the entire chain of helping, it decides on the lives of victims. Fast and efficient reaction in providing the medical humanitarian assistance can save more than one life and health. It is specialized in providing medical assistance, organizing, collecting and distributing medical supplies during natural or anthropogenic disasters in affected areas.