The paper briefly summarizes the latest news in the area of photonic crystals. The definition, different types and properties of photonic materials are presented. It shows also how to apply this kind of materials hy introducing different defects to their structures. The most interesting point is where such kind of periodic structures can he found in nature. A new way of obtaining photonic crystals is presented. The micro-pulling method is proposed in order to grow self-organized eutectic microstructures.
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Results of experiments on diffraction of acoustic waves on a macroscopic structure are compared with expectations based on theoretical analysis carried out in Fraunhofer's approximation. It is shown that a beam of acoustic waves diffracts on the periodical two-dimensional structure. A mathematical model of experimental situation is created. Results are interesting because of their didactic value.
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