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PL
W artykule przedstawiono analizę zagadnienia przenoszenia skali na przykładzie jednego z typów krystalizatora powszechnie stosowanego w aplikacjach przemysłowych. Zdefiniowano istotny parametr procesowym, mający duży wpływ na powtarzalność technologii. Określono wymagania z punktu widzenia kinetyki procesu podczas przenoszenia skali oraz, biorąc pod uwagę najczęściej stosowaną procedurę, przeanalizowano możliwości i ograniczenia tego sposobu.
EN
The paper deals with scale-up problems. The issue is discussed in the light of draft tube magma crystallizer, commonly used in crystallization processes from solution. Authors defined the parameters mainly affecting the crystallization and product requirements during scale-up on one hand and on another consider, what can be done when the traditional procedure is applied.
EN
Experimental tests covering the production of struvite MgNH4PO4ź6H2O from water solutions containing 1.0 mass % of phosphate(V) ions using magnesium and ammonium ions in stoichiometric proportions were carried out in a crystallizer of 1.2 dm3 working volume. The process temperature was 298 K. Struvite crystals of mean size Lm from ca. 14 to ca. 38 µm were produced depending on the process environment's pH (9-11) and the mean residence time of suspension in a crystallizer, τ (900-3600 s). In such defined process conditions the linear growth rate of struvite crystals changed from 1.45ź10-8 m/s (pH 9, τ 900 s) to 2.06ź10-9 m/s (pH 11, τ 3600 s) while the nucleation rate from 5.1ź10^7 to 3.2ź10^9 1/(sm3). Crystal product of the most advantageous granular characteristics was produced at pH 9 and the mean residence time 3600 s. Within this product population the largest sizes reached above 200 µm while the number of crystals smaller than 3 mm was kept below 6%.
PL
Przedstawiono sposób wydzielania struwitu MgNH4P04-6H20 ze ścieku z przemysłu nawozów fosforowych za pomocą jonów magnezu i amonu w krystalizatorze o działaniu ciągłym typu DTM ze strumienicą cieczową. Zaleca się prowadzenie procesu przy nadmiarze jonów magnezu, pil 9 i średnim czasie przebywania zawiesiny w krystalizatorze wynoszącym co najmniej dwie godziny. Wykazano, że z 1 m3h ścieku zawierającego 0,445% mas. jonów fosforanowych(V) można odzyskać do ok. 10 kg struwitu/h.
EN
Technology of struvite MgNH4P04-6H20 production from phosphorus mineral fertilizer industry liquid wastes with the use of magnesium and ammonium ions in a continuous DTM type crystallizcr with liquid jet pump was presented. It is recommended to carry out the proccss at magnesium ions excess, pH 9 and mean residence time of suspension in a crystallizcr at least two hours. It was demonstrated, that from 1 m3/h of liquid wastes containing 0.445 mass % of phosphatc(V) ions it is possible to rccovcr up to ca. 10 kg staivite/h.
EN
The influence of a mixing chamber length, feeding nozzle diameter, density and porosity of suspension on the required minimal value of unit power of the jet-pump feeding stream, providing stable circulation of suspension in a DTM type crystallizer, was presented. and defected seeds are moved to the surface by occluded air bubbles.
EN
The reaction-crystallization process of struvite precipitation from diluted water solutions of magnesium, ammonium and phosphate ions in a DTM type crystallizer with the jet-pump, working at the assumed minimal value of feeding stream unit power was discussed. Struvite crystals of a mean size within the range of 12—20 μm were produced. Process kinetic parameters were estimated on the basis of the product-crystals population density distribution.
EN
The reaction-crystallization process of hydroxyapatite precipitation from its diluted water solutions in a DTM type crystallizer equipped with the jet-pump working under the assumption of minimal power of a jet-pump feeding stream was discussed. It was concluded that crystal agglomerates with a size range of 227-285 mm were obtained.
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