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Paxillus involutus - grzyb o kontrowersyjnych właściwościach jadalnej olszówki i toksycznego krowiaka podwiniętego

Antkowiak W.Z.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2001

[Z] 55, 3-4

245-261

Paxillus involutus, bearing the Polish name olszówka or krowiak podwinięty, is a very common mushroom of a large size, the toxic properties of which revealed much controversy. Besides ordinary people's opinion of the eatability of this mushroom, a number of literature reports showed the fatal consequences of P.involutus consumption. Most often, the symptoms of intoxication shown by different authors concerned changes in the blood, especially those resulting in hemolytic anemia. Although the physiological mechanism of the fatal poisonings was proposed, the toxicity problem is still unsolved because, on the one hand, in many cases the intoxication symptoms have not been observed after mushroom consumption, and, on the other hand, the chemical search for the metabolite responsible for the toxic properties has been unsuccessful up to now. The hitherto obtained results of the research carried out on the chemical composition of P.involutus mainly since the late Sixties of the twentieth century showed the presence of such metabolites as fatty acids, carbohydrates, peptides and other nitrogen containing compounds (including a trace of muscarine) known from their occurrence in other fungi species, as well as of pigments involutine and involutone and presumably two other compounds structurally related to them. All the isolated metabolites and those metabolites whose presence was only suggested on the basis of chromatographic observations are not supposed to be responsible for the toxic properties of P.involututs . Therefore, precise further investigations carried out on the mushroom's chemical composition, including the metabolites enzymatically formed as a response to a mechanical injury of the fruit bodies, seem to be essential.