The paper presents some problems in the studies on Baltic amber (succinite) and other fossil resins. Natural resins form a large group of fossils already known from various parts of the world. However, they markedly differ in age and origin which creates problems in their systematic nomenclature. At the beginning of this paper some definitions are presented concerning the scientific nomenclature of fossil resins as well as practical terminology. The fossil resins are the objects of interest of many scientific domains, especially as they are used for many purposes. The resins are investigated by scientists representing various natural sciences as well as archeologists and representatives of other disciplines; and in the aspect of application they are widely used in jewelry making as well as in some branches of industry (e.g. chemical and pharmaceutical). Variability of fossil resins along with complexity of their structure and composition, and broad issues of genesis and various historical aspects form a vast field of for further studies. However, the studies require the use of a multilateral approach, including instrumental analysis. The paper presents several examples of selected physicochemical methods which should be highly useful in solving questions concerning origin and composition as well as properties of fossil resins.
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Omówiono stan prawny w zakresie mocowania maszyn i urządzeń do spągu przy użyciu kotwi. Przedstawiono sposób i wyniki badań nośności kotwi w warunkach dołowych kopalni "Szczygłowice" oraz wyniki badań laboratoryjnych kotwi na ścinanie. Zaprezentowano metodykę projektowania wzmocnień kotwiami posadowienia zwrotni oraz napędów przenośników taśmowych i zgrzebłowych, a także kołowrotów. W podsumowaniu określono zasady mocowania za pomocą kotwi ww. urządzeń transportowych.
EN
The legal status in the skope of machines and arrangements fixing to the floor using anchors is discussed. The procedure and results of anchors load capacity testing under "Szczygłowice" Mine uderground conditions as well as results of the laboratory anchor sheare strength tests are shown. A method of designing of fundation anchor reinforcement of the belt and scrap conveyors turning stations and drives as well as winches is presented. In recapitulation the principles of above mentioned transport arrengements anchor fixing are determined.
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