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1

Stabilometric indicators as an element of verifying rehabilitation of patients before and after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament

Ogrodzka-Ciechanowicz K., Czechowska D., Chwała W., Ślusarski J., Gądek A.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

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Vol. 20, no. 1

101--107

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate effectiveness of rehabilitation in patients before and after rACL, based on stabilographic indicators. Methods: The research group was comprised of 31 men aged 20–57 with anterior cruciate ligament injury, qualified for reconstruction surgery. A measurement of static stabilometric indicators and muscle strength was taken twice for each patient – before surgery and after 6 months. To assess stabilographic indicators the stabilographic platform was used and to asses muscle strength a dynamometer was used. In order to assess knee function the Lysholm scale and VAS scale were used. Results: The rehabilitation programme improved static stability of the knee in the frontal plane, which is manifested by a significant shortening of the SPML path length. Rehabilitation proceedings should focus on improving static stability of the knee joint in the sagittal plane, because the results obtained indicate only a slight shortening of the SPAP length. The results of the Lysholm and VAS scales point to a positive influence of the applied rehabilitation. Conclusion: Inclusion into rehabilitation diagnostic tools to assess stabilometric indicators enables for effective verification of rehabilitation proceedings focused on restoring body posture control before and after the rACL.

2

Quiet standing postural sway of 10- to 13-year-old, national-level, female acrobatic gymnasts

Opala-Berdzik A., Głowacka M., Wilusz K., Kołacz P., Szydło K., Juras G.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

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Vol. 20, no. 2

117--123

EN

Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine whether 10- to 13-year-old, national-level, female acrobatic gymnasts present a different quiet standing postural control (with and without visual cues) than untrained female peers. Methods: The mean velocity of the center of pressure (in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions) was computed from 60-s long quiet-standing trials on a stationary force plate in fifteen 10- to 13-year-old female acrobatic gymnasts and thirteen sex- and age-matched non-athletes. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA (acrobatic gymnasts vs. non-athletes and eyes open vs. eyes closed) was used for the anterior-posterior and mediallateral COP mean velocity. The relation between subjects’ body mass and COP mean velocity was tested with the used Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. Results: Postural sway (represented by COP mean velocity) was not significantly different between the acrobatic gymnasts and the non-athletes ( p > 0.05), except for the faster medial-lateral sway in eyes-open conditions in the acrobatic gymnasts ( p < 0.05). The gymnasts’ body mass negatively correlated with their anterior-posterior sway velocity in both visual conditions (eyes open: r = –0.7; eyes closed: r = –0.6) and with medial-lateral sway velocity during eyes-closed trials (r = –0.5; p < 0.05). Conclusions: Results of the study indicate that in quiet standing postural control 10- to 13-year-old acrobatic gymnasts did not make use of their trained abilities. Heavier gymnasts might have been more stable than lighter ones during quiet standing.

3

Effect of different balance training programs on postural control in chronic ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial

Youssef N. M., Abdelmohsen A. M., Ashour A. A., Elhafez N. M., Elhafez S. M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

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Vol. 20, no. 2

159--169

EN

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a common sequence of ankle sprain. Conservative treatment of CAI is currently accepted as a primary mean of managing the condition and preventing of recurrence. Objectives: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of Weight-bearing Exercise for Better Balance (WEBB) program and unilateral balance training exercises on postural control in females with CAI. Methods: Thirty-five females with CAI participated in this study. The participants’ mean values of age, body mass, height, and body mass index were 21.76 ± 1.96 y, 64.82 ± 9.37 kg, 161.85 ± 7.24 cm, and 24.76 ± 3.76 kg/m², respectively. They were randomly assigned into three groups: experimental group A (n = 13) who received WEBB program, experimental group B (n = 12) who received unilateral balance training, and control group C (n = 10) using statistical random tables. Balance parameters were measured for all participants via Biodex Balance System (BBS) before and after four weeks of balance training. They included overall stability index (OASI), antero-posterior stability index (APSI), and medio-lateral stability index (MLSI). Results: There was a significant improvement in the post testing mean values of OASI and APSI, compared with the pre testing values in both experimental groups (A and B). There was no significant difference between the pre and post testing mean values of MLSI in the experimental group (A). Conclusions: Both WEBB program and unilateral balance training have positive effects on postural control in females with CAI.

4

The follow-up posturography in rehabilitation after total hip arthroplasty

Pethe-Kania K., Opara J. A., Kania D., Kidoń Z., Łukaszewicz T.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2017

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Vol. 19, no. 1

97--104

EN

Purpose: Presentation of the results of clinical study on new supplementary method applied in the physical rehabilitation of patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty. The standard rehabilitation program was supplemented with the lower limb loading symmetry training based on the follow-up posturography with an adaptively modified visual biofeedback, performed on a double plate posturographic platform. Methods: The research involved 60 randomly selected patients included in prospective and comparative clinical study in the scheme of the parallel groups. The subjects were divided into two groups comprised of 30 patients each. In both groups a conventional 21-day rehabilitation was carried out. Additionally, in experimental group the limb loading symmetry restoration training based on the follow-up posturography with an adaptively modified biofeedback was implemented. The biofeedback coefficient reflected the distribution of loading exerted on a given patient’s legs and was evaluated during the static posturography examinations carried out before each symmetry training session. Results: The eyes-open static posturography examinations indicated significant improvement in the lower limb loading symmetry in 29 (97%) patients from the experimental group ( p = 0.000003). In the control group, such an improvement was observed in 20 (67%) patients ( p = 0.034796). In the eyes closed examinations correction in the limb loading symmetry was evident in 23 (77%) patients from the experimental group ( p = 0.000247) and 18 (60%) patients from the control group ( p = 0.043327). Conclusions: Significant improvement in the lower limb loading symmetry was observed in patients who underwent rehabilitation supplemented with the herein discussed training method.

5

Symmetry of lower limb loading in healthy adults during normal and abnormal stance

Stodółka J., Sobera M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2017

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Vol. 19, no. 3

93--100

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the research was twofold: (1) to describe the normal asymmetry in lower limb loading during a normal stance and during a stance with visual and vestibular disturbance relating to the lower limb dominance, (2) to assess relations of loading of both lower limbs with body weight and height (BMI) and leg functional dominance. Methods: The subjects of this study were 95 students. Settings of the two Kistler platforms were used to register the time series of the vertical component of the ground reaction force while the subject was standing (45 seconds) in a normal position and next with eyes covered with a band and head tilted back position with one leg placed on one platform and the other on the second platform. The symmetry index (SI) was used to describe the asymmetry of the left or right loading. Results: The greater loading of the left or right leg during standing was independent of the functional leg dominance. The distribution of left and right lower limb loading in both trials may suggest that a low asymmetry, less than 5%, is represented by about 30% of subjects in general. No significant correlation was found between the SI and BMI of subjects who had a normal body weight, but in the group of overweight subjects the correlation was very high (r = 0.9). Conclusion: The results show that in describing norms of asymmetry in posture control in healthy humans it is very important to compare the results to posture asymmetry in various injuries or diseases. The most important result is that the higher asymmetry of lower limb loading is associated with overweight, which implies greater risk to health of those people.

6

The influence of sounds on posture control

Siedlecka B., Sobera M., Sikora A., Drzewowska I.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2015

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Vol. 17, no. 3

95--102

EN

Purpose: It is still not clear which parameters of sound are the most significant for body reactions and whether the way of sound reception plays a role in body control. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of frequency, spectrum and loudness of sounds on posture control in healthy women and men. Methods: The study subjects were 29 young adults who were submitted to a 60-second standing test in the bipedal stance on the force platform (AMTI). During the tests, 3 sinusoidal sounds with various timing and 2 musical sounds (guitar and piano) of the frequency 225 Hz, 1000 Hz and 4000 Hz were applied through headphones. The centre of pressure (COP) amplitude was registered. The sway area and COP mean velocity were computed. Results: It was found that high frequency sounds contributed to a significant decrease of sway area values. No significant influence of low frequency sounds on posture control was observed. The influence of the sound spectrum (timbre) on posture control is limited; only the crescendo spectrum improves the body stability in the bipedal stance and not the music spectrum as guitar and piano. The loudness of sound, although extremely high, is not the cause of postural control changing in relation to lower loudness. No effect of gender was found in terms of body stability under different sound conditions. Conclusion. Based on the results, it can be argued that, in general, in a bipedal stance in terms of stability high sound frequency improves posture control, whereas sound spectrum and intensity show a limited impact.

7

Disparity of a Seat Cushion and Its Influence on Postural Control

Nag P.K., Nag A., Vyas H., Shah P.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2013

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Vol. 19, No. 4

573--581

EN

Properties of supporting surfaces of a seat have an influence on postural control. Centre of pressure (COP) displacement parameters reflect both the balance controlling process and movements of the centre of a mass of entire body. The subjects of the study were 9 healthy men. A seat cushion was examined with a 2-force platform setup. Force exertion at a seat pan and feet and COP displacement at a seat pan were measured to analyse postural control. Analysis of variance determined the differences in postural control depending on a cushion type among the subjects. Significant differences in COP displacement parameters were in COP trajectory length, medio-lateral COP displacement and COP velocity. The results of the study showed that foam cushion ensures better postural control.

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Repeatability of frequency of corrective foot pressure during balance control in children aged between 2 and 7

Sobera M., Siedlecka B.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2010

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Vol. 12, no. 2

73-77

EN

The frequency of corrective signal (the centre of corrective (COC) signal), which is the decomposition of COP (centre of pressure) and estimated COM (centre of mass) time series, is one of the indicators reflecting the quality of postural control during stance. Young children, in the period of intensive development, gradually improve the quality of postural control in a daily life. The purpose of this paper was to describe the time series of corrective centre of foot pressure repeatability in young children aged between 2 and 7 during body stability in natural stance position. 272 healthy children aged between 2 and 7 were divided into 6 age groups. Two AccuSway force platforms were used (one foot of the subject was on one platform, the second foot, on the other). The COP trajectories were the basis for the calculation of the frequency stability indices in frontal and sagittal planes for the left leg and right leg separately. The COC signals were collected by the method based on the Kuczyński viscoelastic model. In order to assess the repeatability, the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) was used between the 1st and the 2nd trials, the 2nd and the 3rd trials, and the 1st and the 3rd trials. The maturation of postural control system goes rather slowly in two youngest groups which showed the poor repeatability in COC frequency between the 2nd and the 3rd years of life. From the 4th to the 7th year of life the inter-session repeatability rapidly increases in three consecutive trials. Poor difference of frequency concordance was found between the left and right lower limbs. It is concluded that the frequency of corrective foot pressure is the reliable indicator of postural control for children aged between 4 and 7, but not for younger ones.